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Doğukan Karakaya
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
ELT 2/C
210102079

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In the Sahn-Seman madrasahs that Fatih the conqueror established. The majority of the texts presented are tafsir, which contains works written in Arabic on topics like al-fiqh and kalam. Sahn-Seman, which is a part of the Fatih Complex, was constructed without compromising the unity of the structure. The building of it took place between 1462 and 1470. Sahn-Sema offers structured foreign language instruction, which sets it apart from other madrasas. [1],[3]

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[1]

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A journey through Istanbul's Ottoman Medreses | Showcase

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The first madrasah in the Ottoman Empire was established by Orhan Gazi in 1331 in Iznik. Fatih, Sulaymaniyah, Hagia Sophia and Beyazıt madarsas were the most well-known madarsas in the Ottoman period. All Ottoman madrasas were educational institutes run by religious foundations. Arabic education occupied the most important place in the education of these institutions. The primary purpose of Arabic education was to understand Arabic inscriptions and other sources. For this purpose, Arabic morphology and syntax were taught in Madarsas. [3]

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Encountering English Language For The First Time in Turkish History 1530s

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Encountering English Language For The First Time in Turkish History 1530s

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During the Ottoman Empire's and Great Britain's trading period in the 1530s, Turkish people first encountered the English language. Trading partners didn't acquire each other's languages over the course of decades of commerce; instead, they used the Greek, Jewish, and Armenian minorities in Istanbul and Izmir to act as translators. [5]

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In the Tulip Era, which started right after the Karlowitz Peace, the Ottoman Empire was opened to the West; Ambassadors sent to Paris, Vienna, Warsaw and Russia are not only in diplomatic meetings; Along with the Western diplomacy, culture, art, industry and agriculture, they started to learn about the military and technological power of the West and to present in a report. One of the changes in this period is it was about "foreign language" learning. [1],[4]

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Up until the Tanzimat, Madrasahs taught Arabic as a foreign language. In the Enderuns, Arabic and French were taught together. French was first introduced to education curricula in army institutions (Mühendishane-i Bahr-i Hümayun) following the Tanzimat, as can be seen. [1],[2]

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Bab-ı Ali Translation and Language Department 1821

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Bab-ı Ali Translation and Language Department 1821

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The treasonous behavior of the interpreters who worked as Ottoman soldiers during the Greek Revolt, which got underway in 1821, was the impetus behind the establishment of the Babali Translation and Language Department. The Ottoman state continued to rely on these interpreters up until this point in order to keep up with events and ties in Europe. The first school in the Ottoman Empire to methodically teach a foreign language was the Babali Translation Department, which was compelled to be created in the wake of this uprising. [3]

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The Tanzimat era attempted to reinforce the social and governmental foundations of the Ottoman Empire by starting with modernization rather than radical change. Tanzimat Beginning in the second half of the 18th century, English language instruction was introduced to Turkey for the first time, marking the start of the school system's westernization. However, English instruction did not start in state schools until 1908. However, because there were few schools and most Turks were illiterate, the children of the Ottoman Empire's ethnic minorities were primarily those who got instruction in English and other languages in religiously connected, typically Protestant, groups. [3],[4]

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[2]

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On the grounds that the French language taught in military schools could not be learned, a school named “Mekteb-i Osmanî” was opened in Paris in 1855 and attempts were made to improve their foreign language by sending the students sent from the medical, military and some other military schools to French military schools after high school education. [3]

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A trade agreement was made between the United States and the Ottoman Empire in 1830, which launched diplomatic ties. Due to this, the Empire permitted missionaries to establish schools. As a result, Americans established the private Robert College in 1863, which welcomed its first Turkish Muslim graduate in 1903. [2]

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[3]

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Robert College, located in Istanbul, Turkey, is the oldest continually-running American school founded outside the US. The school opened in 1863 to educate boys, and was followed in 1871 by the Home School, which evolved to become the American College for Girls (ACG). In 1971 the two schools merged under the name Robert College, which became a co-educational high school. Since its founding 156 years ago and through its various phases, Robert College has continued to be one of Turkey's most established and leading educational institutions.

Upon the initiative of Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, and with the support of another American, the wealthy merchant Christopher Rhinelander Robert, Robert College opened its doors to four students on September 16, 1863, in an old wooden building in Bebek. In 1871, a school for girls was opened in Gedikpaşa with the support of a group of American philanthropists. The building soon became inadequate for the fast-growing school, and a couple years later, with the philanthropists' financial support, land was purchased in Üsküdar, and a new school building was erected. In 1876 the school moved from Gedikpaşa to the new campus. With the growing prestige of the school in the region, the number of students increased rapidly.

Grants from individuals made the growth of both schools possible. New academic buildings and faculty housing were added to the Bebek campus, and following a fire in the Uskudar campus, ACG moved to a larger campus in Arnavutköy in 1914.

Although separate entities, the two schools developed close ties through the years. In 1932, RC and ACG came under the administration of a single President, and in 1959, a single Board of Trustees. In 1971, Robert Academy (the high school division on the Bebek campus) and ACG merged as a co-ed high school on the Arnavutköy campus as Robert College. The same year, the university division at the Bebek campus was given to the Turkish government, and was established as Boğaziçi University.

The year 1997 brought another change. With the implementation of eight-year compulsory education in Turkey, RC's middle school closed down. Presently, Robert College is a five-year high school with one year of English prep, followed by four years of secondary education.

Over the years, Robert College has been a pioneer in many areas. Examples include the first student council in Turkey founded at ACG in 1892, the first basketball game played in Turkey in the at Dodge Gymnasium in 1908, a medical school for women that opened for the first time in Turkey in 1920, the first yearbook in Turkey in 1924, the oldest student literary magazine of Turkey, İzlerimiz first published by RC in 1926, and the first child study center in Turkey opened at ACG in 1958.

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Robert College, located in Istanbul, Turkey, is the oldest continually-running American school founded outside the US. The school opened in 1863 to educate boys, and was followed in 1871 by the Home School, which evolved to become the American College for Girls (ACG).

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The Ottoman Foreign Language School 1864

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The Ottoman Foreign Language School 1864

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A language school called Lisan Mektebi was established in 1864 as a result of the lack of foreign language instruction provided by the Babali Translation Chamber and the requirement that staff members be fluent in foreign languages. It was the first institution to teach foreign languages. This institution offered classes in French, Romanian, Greek, Bulgarian, and other languages. The Sultan 2. Abdulhamid ordered that this institution teach English, Russian, and German in addition to French. [1],[3]

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With the founding of the Sultanis during the Tanzimat era, which is regarded as the start of the drive toward westernization, the addition of foreign language instruction in what we can call intermediate educational institutions began. Under the name of Galatasaray Sultanisi, the first of these institutions, which are recognized as today's secondary schools, began offering instruction in 1868. The primary tongue of instruction in this school, which holds the honor of being the first public institution in the country to offer foreign language instruction, was French, with French culture and France as major influences. [1],[2]

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Darüşşafaka High School, which was opened in 1873, was the first Turkish private high school that was opened by the Turks and attached great importance to the teaching of French. [2]

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1- Boyacıoğlu, F. (2015). The historical development of the foreign language education in
Ottoman Empire. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 651– 657.

2- Çakır, İ. (2007). Osmanlı'dan günümüze yabancı dil öğretimi süreci. Nüsha, 0(24), 37-
45.

3- Özkan, S. H. (2010). Osmanlı Devletinde Yabancı Dil Eğitimi/Foreign Language
Education in the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Studies, International Periodical for the
languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 5(3).

4- Sarıçoban, G. & Sarıçoban, A. (2012). Atatürk and the history of foreign language
education. The Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 8(1), 24-49.

5- Sönmez, G., & Köksal, O. (2022). “A Critical Overview of English Language Education
Policy in Turkey.” Shanlax International Journal of Education, 11(1), 1–9.

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References for Videos and Other Resources

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References for Videos and Other Resources

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1- TRT World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUC6RetN_p0

2- Choices Program
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ7Am7881Q8

3- Robbert College Official Website
https://website.robcol.k12.tr/en/about-rc/history#:~:text=Robert%20College%2C%20located%20in%20Istanbul,College%20for%20Girls%20(ACG).