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Key Steps of Mitosis

1. Prophase: Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.

4. Telophase: Nuclear membranes reform around the two sets of chromosomes.

5. Cytokinesis: The cell divides, resulting in two identical daughter cells.

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Key Steps of Meiosis:

Meiosis I:

1. Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis), and crossing over occurs, which increases genetic variation.

2. Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator.

3. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles, separating them.

4. Telophase I and Cytokinesis: The cell divides into two cells, each with half the number of chromosomes.

Meiosis II:

1. Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again in the two new cells.

2. Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the equator in each cell.

3. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

4. Telophase II and Cytokinesis: Four genetically unique daughter cells are formed, each with half the number of chromosomes (haploid).