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展馆内智能观展路径规划（实时监控每

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1. 展馆内智能观展路径规划（实时监控每个展厅、展位、作品前的人数，结合参观者的身份、喜好倾向、受教育程度、特殊需求等，给出最优观展路线和顺序，避免排队和拥堵）

2. 观展体验个性化定制（根据不同参观者的身份、喜好倾向、受教育程度、特殊需求等，针对性的筛选带看作品，甚至并非所有作品都看。例如对于儿童群体，以游戏的形式带领儿童在馆内参观，或是挑选色彩鲜艳明亮能吸引儿童注意力的作品。）

3. 展品个性化解说（同一件作品，根据不同参观者的身份、喜好倾向、受教育程度、特殊需求等，有不同形式和内容的解说。）

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展览路线规划问题（人多拥挤、缺乏规

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展览路线规划问题（人多拥挤、缺乏规划、缺乏个性化）

展品理解问题（解说、介绍）

真正落实到每位观众不同纬度的传播、理解、收获和思考（传统展览形式和解读形式-中心化-一套话术意识形态灌输-而非激发每个观众不同纬度的理解）

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确定性 - 痛点（改变、四两拨千斤、小而

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确定性 - 痛点（改变、四两拨千斤、小而美）

可能性 - 强的想象力（概念化）

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博物馆的展品解说讲解方面的痛点问题：

1. 语言限制：部分博物馆的展品解说只提供本地语言解说，无法满足部分游客的需求，特别是对于外国游客而言更是如此。此外，某些博物馆的解说过于专业化，难以被大众理解。

2. 数量不足：在一些博物馆中，解说语音或文字数量不足，在展品讲解短缺时，游客可能无法获得足够的信息，而这会影响他们对展品和展览的理解。

3. 展览设计：博物馆的展示设计也可能会影响参观者的体验。例如，如果展示设计离观众过远或文字颜色与背景颜色相似，这可能导致解说难以看到或者读不清，从而影响游客的参观体验。

4. 立场偏颇：一些博物馆的展示和解说可能存在立场偏颇的问题，或过于强调特定的历史或文化视角，从而对参观者的认知产生影响。

5. 技术落后：有一部分博物馆使用的解说方式过于陈旧，例如用录音机等老旧设备，这会让人觉得博物馆技术落后，体验欠缺现代感。

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参观体验：由于参观游览者的不同需求和特点，他们需要不同的参观体验。对于艺术新手，他们需要人性化、精美的导览设计，以帮助他们更好地了解艺术品和艺术家思想。对于艺术爱好者和专业人士，他们期望能接受有质量的讲座、工作坊等增长知识技能的活动。

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拥堵和排队：博物馆（大型）每年吸引了数百万游客，但博物馆的面积并不大，人流量庞大，游客常常需要排队等候进入展馆。这种情境常常会使游客感到疲惫，减少他们观展的效率和体验。

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随着社交媒体的普及和个人影响力的增强，越

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随着社交媒体的普及和个人影响力的增强，越来越多的游客在参观展览馆时将其视为【打卡】和展示个人形象的场所。这种趋势在一定程度上带来了机会，但也带来了一些问题和痛点。

1. 游客数量难以控制：虽然参观展览的游客数量增加了，但由于游客只为“打卡”而来，大部分游客只会花费很短的时间在展览馆内，这可能会导致展览馆过度拥挤，游客难以流畅地参观和观赏展览。

2. 观众文化素质参差不齐：一些游客为了达到自己的“打卡”目的，会采用各种极端手段，比如推搡、挤占位置、忽略展览馆的规定等，这损害了其他游客的体验，也不利于展览馆的安全和秩序。

3. 过度关注外部表现形式：大量游客的集中关注于自己的行为和外部表现形式，往往会忽略展览馆的内在内容和理念，导致展览馆面临的主要问题是没有得到游客充分的认可和理解。

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1、如何在虚拟展览中实现

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1、如何在虚拟展览中实现个性化定制，以吸引不同群体的观众参与和参观？（如何利用人工智能技术来提高虚拟展览的个性化体验，以满足观众的不同需求和偏好？85 - 15【专业用户】

2、如何利用先进的信息和通信技术，结合环境感知和个性化推荐算法，为参观者提供更加智能、个性化的展览导览服务+讲解+路线设计？【不同身份】小孩？老人？残障人士？
参数化设计
不同纬度（传统展览形式和解读形式-中心化-一套话术意识形态灌输-而非激发每个观众不同纬度的理解）

颠覆美术馆概念？- 跨界结合 开放空间
“精英群体” - “自下而上”
大众无法理解作品？

3、如何引入可持续设计理念和循环经济原则，以减少虚拟展览对环境的影响，促进资源利用的效率和优化，以支持可持续发展的实现？（如何在展览设计中融合可持续发展的理念，提供可持续的展览体验和展示方式，以引领社会和公众朝着更加环保、高效的消费方式发展？）

4、如何提高虚拟展览设计的全球化和本地化，使加强跨文化交流和对多元文化的理解和解释？（如何在虚拟展览中融合不同的文化元素和艺术风格，打造具有跨越时空和文化差异的虚拟展览，以促进多元文化的交流和理解？）

5、如何利用数据分析和统计工具，收集和分析虚拟展览的用户行为、参与度和反馈，以评估展览的效果和提出改进建议？（如何利用数据分析和可视化工具，对展览流量、参观者行为、反馈和评论等展览数据进行分析，以评估展览效果、提升参观者体验和策划更具价值的展览内容？）

6、如何在虚拟展览设计中充分考虑无障碍设计和可访问性问题，以确保每个观众都能够获得平等的参与和体验？

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第二段文献综述部分：

从精神容器到开放场域：当代美术馆的特征和形式研究 - 陈立

当代美术馆的交互式空间建构 - 张鑫

西方当代艺术博物馆文化价值观念研究——以英国泰特现代美术馆为例 - 吕文静

消失的边界：美术馆、网络与虚拟展览 - Hu Xinrong

虚拟数字展览的逻辑策略及设计转译——以全球艺术学校2020年线上毕业展为线索 - 张译之 黄建成

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第一段Introduction大概的写作思路：

1、讨论当代艺术馆发展至今随着人们的需求和社会结构的改变而产生的职能变化：去权威性去中心化，拥抱公众，新型的公共空间，强调观众的介入和参与，而非传统博物馆的单向输出和叙事，（以英国泰特现代艺术馆为例）

2、分析疫情时期全球范围内艺术馆线上展览的被迫性，但同时延伸出来的新的思考：线上虚拟展览的发展方向和新的可能性？现疫情已结束，亲自前往现场观展的参与感和体验感无可置疑是远高于目前市面上呈现出来的线上虚拟展览的，那么线上虚拟展览的必要性是什么：

对艺术作品的“数字存藏”。

观众观展的跨时空性。

观众互动参与的可玩性。

（以谷歌的艺术与文化网站为例）

虚拟艺术馆的新的职能。

（结合某些元宇宙社区分析，是否可以开创一种以“艺术”作为社区规则的“艺术馆元宇宙空间”，用户可以在空间中进行展览参观、艺术创作、思想交流、艺术教育活动，等等）

3、基于前期调研，分析目前市面上存在的线上虚拟展览的主要形式、实现技术和策展策略。（目前市面上的线上展览的构建模式依然大多基本上属于依赖于现实展馆空间并进行360度全景扫描捕捉而做成的“虚拟空间”，而并非完全脱离于实际空间的真正“虚拟”，这就让线上观众产生一种“退而求其次”的体验感。

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https://designawards.core77.com/speculative-design/119535/Beyond-Creating-immersive-museum-experience

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机会点&空白：【我可提升or填补的点】

观众参与方式：单纯的游览和观看 - 与艺术作品的互动

艺术品类型：静态绘画装置艺术等 - 交互装置互动影相等

观众身份角色定位：“观众” - “艺术家” 为观众提供艺术创作平台和方式

美术馆的职能变化：对观众单向输出 - 创造力舞台

思考？

现场观展（作为一种生活方式）的体验感、仪式感、氛围感虚拟观展无法取代

在受到时空制约的前提条件下发展虚拟展览？

“美术馆”相较于“博物馆” - “去中心化” “去权威性”

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从实地观展和虚拟观展的优劣之处来看，

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从实地观展和虚拟观展的优劣之处来看，实地观展仍旧是美术馆最直接和饱满的呈现方式，能够更好地展示作品的质感和空间感，也能够更好地建立人与人之间的联系和情感共鸣。而虚拟展览则更加适合那些需要在不受地理限制的情况下欣赏艺术作品的人，因为它能够在信息瞬间传递的情况下提高观众对作品的认知度，同时虚拟展览也具有可重复性，可以时不时再次回顾和观察作品。

从视觉艺术层面、观众用户体验层面以及数字技术层面看，美术馆的虚拟展览机会点和创新点包括以下几点：

1. 视觉艺术层面：美术馆可以通过虚拟展览打破传统展览的受限状态，创造更充满活力、更高质量的艺术作品展示效果，探讨和实现更加先进、智能、创新的数字展览手段。

2. 观众用户体验层面：美术馆可以将虚拟展览与参与式互动相结合，借助社交媒体的传播力量，激发并形成更加浓厚的艺术社区氛围。

3. 数字技术层面：美术馆可以利用人工智能技术，协助展览策划与评估，同时加强大数据的积累和挖掘来快速优化用户体验。

美术馆的虚拟展览将会以当前哪些技术的集体、跨领域融合为核心，从而提升展览效果、吸引受众并增强用户体验。

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虚拟展览在近年来得到了快速的发展，尤其是

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虚拟展览在近年来得到了快速的发展，尤其是在疫情期间，许多美术馆和艺术机构已经开始将重心转向线上展览和数字文化活动。从发展趋势和前景机会来看，虚拟展览显然具有广阔的发展前景，将成为美术馆推广和宣传的重要手段，也将带来更优秀的艺术作品和更好的用户体验，可以带来以下优点和机会：

1. 方便性：虚拟展览可以让观众在任何时间和任何地点浏览展览，不再受限于地理位置和时间限制。

2. 可访问性：在线展览可以让更多的人获得与艺术互动的机会，尤其有需要和残疾人士，从而满足社会多元化需求。

3. 交互性：虚拟展览可以通过数字技术来打造更加丰富、生动和交互性的视觉和体验，从而增强观众的沉浸感和参与感，使展览更加具有情感和故事性。

4. 效率性：通过数字技术，美术馆可以快速、高效地进行展览策划、组织和宣传，大大提高了展览的效率和管理能力。

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目前浅薄调研到的虚拟展览

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目前浅薄调研到的虚拟展览空间形式

网站【平面化的，无空间的构建】

基于实体展馆空间通过VR全景技术构建的线上展馆空间【目前运用最多的】

无实体空间基础，纯在数字世界中构建的虚拟空间【类似于元宇宙的概念】

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虚拟美术馆背景or必要性

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虚拟美术馆背景or必要性思考？

大疫情时期的封锁政策使得一些线下活动纷纷转移至线上（办公、学习、会议、毕业典礼、活动、展览等等）。但此点的影响力随着疫情的结束已经逐渐至完全淡化。【一定的被迫性】

跨越时空的艺术学习（熏陶）。不受到地域限制，体验不同地域和国家的文化、思想、艺术、历史。【以用户体验视角】

帮助世界范围文化、思想、艺术、历史等的传播力增长。【以文化传播和公共教育视角】

视觉艺术和数字技术的结合和可能性探讨。【从技术本身而言】

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https://artsandculture.google.com/

Google Art & Culture 谷歌艺术与文化
作为一个非商业的倡议项目，谷歌与世界各地的文化机构和艺术家合作，其使命是保护并将世界的艺术和文化保存在互联网上，艺术爱好者可以实时访问。

「谷歌艺术与文化」与世界各地的博物馆合作，利用街景技术拍摄博物馆内部实景，并且以超高像素拍摄馆内历史名画供用户观看，合作美术馆包括纽约大都会艺术博物馆、泰特美术馆、白宫、格里菲斯大学、香港艺术博物馆等，包括英、法、日、葡萄牙等18种语言。

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https://cafamuseum.org/exhibit/digitalmuseum

以每一期展览主题作为空间单元

虚拟空间生成方式：基于展馆实体空间生成的VR全景数字空间

主要观展方式：网页端或结合VR设备参观

主要交互方式：空间内点位移动，视频展品的播放

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3D线上展览创意机构 Zoo 的

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3D线上展览
创意机构 Zoo 的 3D 线上作品集
通过滑动鼠标模拟眼球运动，通过他人的视角去参观线上展览空间，也可以按照自己的节奏进行探索
-
在八十亿的灵魂中，我们在这个宇宙的孤立中，通过意外的发现彼此。
Zoo是一个不同文化在一起形成新事物的地方，我们想要制定新的规则，说我们自己的语言。
混乱中发现美。凭借强烈的个人艺术立场，我们走到一起，创造我们自己的世界——一个诚实和真实的人类旅程。

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线上虚拟展览 瑞士设计奖与 20

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线上虚拟展览 瑞士设计奖
与 2021 年瑞士设计奖（ Swiss Design Awards.）的所有决赛入围者共同创建的虛拟展览。

线上展览新形式，探索什么是数字展览可以：不仅在它的美学上，而且在它的创造方式上。每个决赛选手都创建了一个带有红色元球的自定义空间来展示他们的作品。传统媒体和数字媒体与在2D 和3D世界之间进行了有趣的美学互动。
CREDITS ： DVTK, PLINTH, DUAL ROOM & MAXIMAGE

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https://cointelegraph.com/learn/what-is-a-dao

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Cointelegraph Bitcoin & Ethereum Blockchain News

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The most recent news about crypto industry at Cointelegraph. Latest news about bitcoin, ethereum, blockchain, mining, cryptocurrency prices and more

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What Is a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)?

A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) is an emerging form of legal structure that has no central governing body and whose members share a common goal to act in the best interest of the entity. Popularized through cryptocurrency enthusiasts and blockchain technology, DAOs are used to make decisions in a bottom-up management approach.

Key Takeaways

What Is the Purpose of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)?

One of the major features of digital currencies is that they are decentralized. This means they are not controlled by a single institution like a government or central bank, but instead are divided among a variety of computers, networks, and nodes. In many cases, virtual currencies make use of this decentralized status to attain levels of privacy and security that are typically unavailable to standard currencies and their transactions.

Inspired by the decentralization of cryptocurrencies, a group of developers came up with the idea for a decentralized autonomous organization, or DAO, in 2016. The concept of a DAO is to promote oversight and management of an entity similar to a corporation. However, the key to a DAO is the lack of central authority; the collective group of leaders and participants act as the governing body.

How DAOs Work

DAOs rely heavily on smart contracts. These logically coded agreements dictate decision-making based on underlying activity on a blockchain. For example, based on the outcome of a decision, certain code may be implemented to increase the circulating supply, burn of a select amount of reserve tokens, or issue select rewards to existing tokenholders.

The voting process for DAOs is posted on a blockchain. Users must often select between mutually-exclusive options. Voting power is often distributed across users based on the number of tokens they hold. For example, one user that owns 100 tokens of the DAO will have twice the weight of voting power over a user that owns 50 tokens.

The theory behind this practice is users who are more monetarily invested in the DAO are incentivized to act in good faith. Imagine a user who owns 25% overall voting power. This user can participate in bad acts; however, by doing so, the user will jeopardize the value of their 25% holding.

DAOs often have treasuries that house tokens that can be issued in exchange for fiat. Members of the DAO can vote on how to use those funds; for example, some DAOs with the intention of acquiring rare NFTs can vote on whether to relinquish treasury funds in exchange for assets.

ConstitutionDAO

Benefits of DAOs

There are several reasons why an entity or collective group of individuals may want to pursue a DAO structure. Some of the benefits of this form of management include:

Decentralization. Decisions impacting the organization are made by a collection of individuals as opposed to a central authority that is often vastly outnumbered by their peers. Instead of relying on the actions of one individual (CEO) or a small collection of individuals (Board of Directors), a DAO can decentralize authority across a vastly larger range of users.

Participation. Individuals within an entity may feel more empowered and connected to the entity when they have a direct say and voting power on all matters. These individuals may not have strong voting power, but a DAO encourages token holders to cast votes, burn tokens, or use their tokens in ways they think is best for the entity.

Publicity. Within a DAO, votes are cast via blockchain and made publicly viewable. This requires users to act in ways they feel is best, as their vote and their decisions will be made publicly viewable. This incentivizes actions that will benefit voters' reputations and discourage acts against the community.

Community. The concept of a DAO encourages people from all over the world to seamlessly come together to build a single vision. With just an internet connection, tokenholders can interact with other owners wherever they may live.

Limitations of DAOs

Not everything is perfect regarding DAOS, though. There are severe consequences to improperly setting up or maintaining a DAO. Here are some limitations to the DAO structure.

Speed. If a public company is guided by a CEO, a single vote may be needed to decide a specific action or course for the company to take. With a DAO, every user is given an opportunity to vote. This requires a much longer voting period, especially considering time zones and priorities outside of the DAO.

Education. Similar to the issue of speed, a DAO has the responsibility of educating a lot more people in regards to pending entity activity. A single CEO is much easier to keep in charge of company developments, while tokenholders of a DAO may have ranging educational backgrounds, understanding of initiatives, incentives, or accessibility to resources. A common challenge of DAOs is that while they bring a diverse set of people together, that diverse set of people must learn how to grow, strategize, and communicate as a single unit.

Inefficiency. Partially summarizing the first two bullets, DAOs run a major risk of being inefficient. Because of the time needed to educate voters, communicate initiatives, explain strategies, and onboard new members, it is easy for a DAO to spend much more time discussing change than implementing it. A DAO may get bogged down in trivial, administrative tasks due to the nature of needing to coordinate much more individuals.

Security. An issue facing all digital platforms for blockchain resources is security. A DAO requires significant technical expertise to implement; without it, there may be invalidity to how votes are cast or decisions are made. Trust may be broken and users leave the entity if they can't rely on the structure of the entity. Even through the use of multi-sig or cold wallets, DAOs can be exploited, treasury reserves stolen, and vaults emptied.

DAOs

DAO Example: The DAO

The DAO was an organization that was designed to be automated and decentralized. It acted as a form of venture capital fund, based on open-source code and without a typical management structure or board of directors. To be fully decentralized, the DAO was unaffiliated with any particular nation-state, though it made use of the ethereum network.

The DAO launched in late April 2016 thanks to a month-long crowd sale of tokens that raised more than $150 million in funds. At the time, the launch was the largest crowdfunding campaign of all time.

Why Did The DAO Get Disbanded?

By May 2016, the DAO held a massive percentage of all ether tokens that had been issued up to that point (up to 14%, according to reporting by The Economist). At roughly the same time, however, a paper was published which addressed several potential security vulnerabilities, cautioning investors from voting on future investment projects until those issues had been resolved.

Later, in June 2016, hackers attacked the DAO based on these vulnerabilities. The hackers gained access to 3.6 million ETH, worth about $50 million at the time. This prompted a massive and contentious argument among DAO investors, with some individuals suggesting various ways of addressing the hack and others calling for the DAO to be permanently disbanded. This incident also figured prominently in the hard forking of ethereum that took place shortly thereafter.

What Are Some Criticisms of The DAO?

According to IEEE Spectrum, the DAO was vulnerable to programming errors and attack vectors. The fact that the organization was charting new territory in terms of regulation and corporate law likely did not make the process any easier. The ramifications of the structure of the organization were potentially numerous: investors were concerned that they would be held liable for actions taken by the DAO as a broader organization.

The DAO operated in murky territory about whether or not it was selling securities, as well. Further, there were long-standing issues regarding the way that the DAO would function in the real world. Investors and contractors alike needed to convert ETH into fiat currencies, and this could have impacted the value of ether.

Following the contentious argument over the DAO's future and the massive hacking incident earlier in the summer, by the fall of 2016, several prominent digital currency exchanges, such as Kraken, de-listed the DAO token, marking the effective end for the DAO as it was initially envisioned.

What Is a DAO?

A DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization, a type of bottom-up entity structure with no central authority. Members of a DAO own tokens of the DAO, and members can vote on initiatives for the entity. Smart contracts are implemented for the DAO, and the code governing the DAO's operations is publicly disclosed.

What Is the Purpose of a DAO?

A DAO is intended to improve the traditional management structure of many companies. Instead of relying on a single individual or small collection of individuals to guide the direction of the entity, a DAO intends to give every member a voice, vote, and opportunity to propose initiatives. A DAO also strives to have strict governance that is dictated by code on a blockchain.

How Does a DAO Make Money?

A DAO initially raises capital by trading fiat for its native token. This native token represents voting power and ownership proportion across members. If a DAO is successful, the value of the native token will increase.

The DAO can then issue future tokens at a greater value to raise more capital. A DAO can also invest in assets if the members decide to approve such measures. For an example, a DAO can acquire companies, NFTs, or other tokens. Should those assets appreciate in value, the value of the DAO increases.

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Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO): Definition, Purpose, and Example

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A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) is a system developed to distribute decision-making, management, and entity ownership.

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DAO是“去中心化自治组织”的缩写

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DAO是“去中心化自治组织”的缩写。它是一种以代码为基础，使用区块链技术建立的自治组织。DAO的目的是将权力分散到组织成员中，让每个成员都有权决定组织的运作和决策。

DAO的基础是智能合约，它是一种以代码为基础的契约，可以自动化执行规则和条件。在DAO中，智能合约负责管理组织的资金、资源和投票权，并基于组织成员的投票结果自动执行。

DAO的运作方式类似于一个社区或组织，成员可以通过购买代币或投票获得DAO中的权力和利益，同时也可以通过参与投票和提供建议来影响组织的决策。

虽然DAO是一个有前途的技术和组织形式，但它仍处于发展阶段，存在许多技术和安全挑战，需要不断改进和优化。

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https://www.avast.com/c-web-3-0

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Web 3.0 gets it. It understands what you mean and the context around how you navigate the web, and it can assemble information in a way similar to humans. Web 3.0 technologies can read between the lines to decipher the intent behind your online requests. According to Web 3.0's supporters, those deeper insights will transform our digital lives.

But what is Web 3.0, exactly? Let's start at the beginning, with the launch of the World Wide Web, also known as Web 1.0.

This Article Contains:

Definition of Web 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0

Web 1.0 is the text-based or read-only web, Web 2.0 is the participatory or social web, and Web 3.0 is the open, decentralized, and immersive web.

Web 1.0 was the foundation of the web, and it consisted of static text and images. The next generation, Web 2.0, was defined by interaction and social media. Web 3.0 is the third iteration of the web, defined by open technologies like blockchain and immersive experiences like the metaverse.

Web 1.0

From the early days of static web pages (Web 1.0), to the two-way flow of information (Web 2.0), to the emerging decentralized open internet (Web 3.0), each successive generation of the web has built on top of the previous one, with engineers, designers, and users taking part in defining Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0.

The first iteration of the World Wide Web emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s out of the need for better data sharing among the scientific community. The term "read-only web" was coined by Tim Berners-Lee, because while Web 1.0 made it much easier to exchange information, you couldn't interact with websites, you could only read them.

The defining characteristic of Web 1.0 was static web pages with no interactivity. You went to a website and read information - the experience was passive. You can see the very first web page of Web 1.0 here.

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 emerged in the early 2000s, taking shape with the emergence of social media. Web 2.0 created spaces for sharing and interactivity, ushering in a new model far beyond the limitations of static web pages.

The defining difference between Web 1 vs Web 2 is the two-way flow of information. People started interacting with websites by sharing information or creating their own content. Think of platforms like Amazon, Google, Facebook, and Twitter, as well as online shopping sites, web forums, P2P gaming sites, and other social media.

What is Web 3.0, exactly?

Web 3.0, also known as Web3, is the third generation of the World Wide Web. Web 3.0 is meant to be decentralized, open to everyone (with a bottom-up design), and built on top of blockchain technologies and developments in the Semantic Web, which describes the web as a network of meaningfully linked data.

Web 3.0 is based on a specific set of principles, technical parameters, and values that distinguish it from earlier iterations of the World Wide Web: Web 2.0 and Web 1.0. Web 3.0 envisions a world without centralized companies, where people are in control of their own data and transactions are transparently recorded on blockchains, or databases searchable by anyone.

Web 2.0 vs Web 3.0

The main distinctions between Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 involve data storage, connectivity, currency, and decentralization. Web 2.0 is about creating content and interacting with websites. Web 3.0 means immersing yourself in the digital experience, and it involves concepts like individual control of personal data, cryptocurrency, and decentralized record keeping on the blockchain.

Whereas Web 2.0 operates on fiat money, Web 3.0 relies on cryptocurrencies and a decentralized finance (DeFi) model. This is part of the decentralization objective, which shifts control from centralized companies or governments to users or the collective. The premise of decentralization extends beyond currency, covering everything from apps to data.

Performance-wise, Web 3.0 will likely be slower than Web 2.0, at least at the beginning. That's because transactions are processed over multiple servers (independently operated), instead of on one or a group of centralized servers.

It appears that we're now in the process of moving from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0. In fact, some people say that we're already living in Web 3.0.

Features of Web 3.0

Web 3.0 is explained best through its features, namely ubiquity, decentralization, artificial intelligence, and semantic web interactivity. Some Web 3.0 technologies have already emerged, such as the decentralized concept that underpins blockchain. Other Web 3.0 meanings are yet to be understood, let alone created.

Blockchain technology was created to facilitate cryptocurrency - the digital currencies that are decentralized (not controlled by central banks) and that are set to play a large role in Web 3.0. Known as Web 3.0 cryptos, these currencies - and other digital assets like NFTs - will be used to incentivize users and service providers, letting people transact directly with one another without having to go through third-parties like conventional banks.

Ubiquity

Ubiquity means appearing everywhere or being very common. The definition of ubiquity in terms of Web 3.0 refers to the idea that the internet should be accessible from anywhere, through any platform, on any device. Along with digital ubiquity comes the idea of equality. If Web 3.0 is ubiquitous, it means it is not limited. Web 3.0 is not meant for the few, it is meant for the many.

In Web 3.0, anyone can engage from anywhere, and they can contribute through open-source software. Web 2.0 touched on this with the advent of smartphones and greater internet access. If a user posts something on social media, it is essentially "everywhere." With new gadgets and technology on the horizon, this real-time global connectivity will continue to gain momentum.

Decentralization

Web 3.0 envisions a truly decentralized internet, where connectivity is based completely on peer-to-peer network connections. This decentralized web will rely on blockchain to store data and maintain digital assets without being tracked.

Decentralized apps (Dapps) are also developed based on this concept. Instead of being maintained by a single server, decentralized apps are maintained by a network of computers. Some Dapps already exist using core Web 3.0 technologies.

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is central to DApps and shares many of cryptocurrency's characteristics, but its applications are even wider. DeFi enables users to invest, save, and ultimately replace pre-existing financial institutions and their top-down modus operandi.

Artificial intelligence

Web 3.0 leans on artificial intelligence (AI) to develop computers that can understand the meaning or context of user requests and answer complex requests more quickly. The artificial intelligence of the Web 3.0 era goes beyond the interactivity of Web 2.0 and creates experiences for people that feel curated, seamless, and intuitive - a central aim behind the development of the metaverse.

Part of AI is machine learning and applying techniques like predictive analytics to outline relationships and patterns that help predict future outcomes and events. Whereas machine learning is passive, AI requires an agent to learn and interact with the environment.

From a user perspective, advancements in machine learning could lead to better customer support. Increasingly intelligent chatbots will be able to support multiple consumers at once, with far more accuracy than current standards. This advanced technology will also deliver ideal search results, identify fake news, and select high-quality content.

Semantic Web

Semantic means "relating to meaning in language or logic." The Semantic Web improves the abilities of web technologies to generate, share, and connect content through search and analysis by understanding the meaning of language beyond simple keywords.

Websites of the 2.0 era have been created primarily for humans to read, with increased consideration for search engine understanding. Web 3.0 uses ideas of the Semantic Web as a springboard to take readability, creativity, and interactivity to another level.

Under Web 3.0, search engine, platform, and connectivity capabilities will skyrocket. Rather than discerning meaning from a series of ones and zeros, keywords, headers, links, and other metadata, computers will be able to understand context and identify your true needs and goals.

Is Web 3.0 the same as the Semantic Web?

No, web 3.0 is not the same as the Semantic Web. The two concepts are connected but not interchangeable. Web 3.0 is based on the notion of the Semantic Web, but it is not the Semantic Web itself.

The definition of the Semantic Web came about in 2006 from Tim Berners-Lee, computer scientist and inventor of the World Wide Web. His definition of the Semantic Web speaks of a future version of the web as an "integrated huge space of data" and "unbelievable data resource."

Web 3.0 captures these ideas from the Semantic Web and evolves into something much bigger, integrating more diverse features such as AI, machine learning, decentralization, and peer-to-peer networks.

3D Graphics

Web 3.0 addresses the user experience on several levels, including the front-end experience, or how we take in what we see on our screens. 3D design is often used in websites and services in Web 3.0. The most common examples of it can be found in eCommerce, real estate, computer games, and virtual museum tours.

Examples of Web 3.0 applications

Web 3.0 applications incorporate AI and machine learning technology. Most of the Web 3.0 apps that are already live today involve cryptocurrency and finance. In the future, all types of apps will be created, making them smarter and more user-centric.

Siri is a good example of an app employing Web 3.0 technology. Apple's AI assistant lets users control their surroundings and devices with voice commands. Another popular Web 3.0 app currently in use is the web browser Brave, which connects participants with Dapps, their crypto wallets, and other Web 3.0 technology.

Risks or downsides of Web 3.0

The lack of centralized gatekeepers in Web 3.0 could pose a significant risk to users. While Web 3.0's decentralized ownership is seen to empower individuals, the lack of oversight can increase consumer risk, as was seen in the collapse of the major cryptocurrency exchange FTX.

Decentralization could make regulating Web 3.0 virtually impossible. And with the rapid increase of the amount of information stored on the web and additional interactions and transactions, unauthorized access to personal data could have devastating consequences.

There will also be new types of cyber attacks to contend with. Ice fishing and other FinTech hacks already exist, and novel cybersecurity threats will continue to emerge. More generally, widespread data manipulation could lead to disinformation. If all users are anonymous in the new world, this includes those with bad intentions. Holding people accountable for attacks and data manipulation will become even more complicated.

Aside from security threats, Web 3.0 consumes a lot of energy resources due to its reliance on blockchain technology. Mining cryptocurrency, DeFi transactions, and the decentralization of data require a huge amount of power to operate, which will put even more stress on global energy systems.

Examples of Web 3.0 in real life

Web 3.0 websites and Web 3.0 apps are already here. You've likely heard of them in the media, such as the costly examples of cryptojacking. Or, you may have already interacted with Web 3.0 applications, such as an Internet of Things appliance. Perhaps you've even explored the possibilities and meaning of the Metaverse. You may have been exposed to examples of Web 3.0 without even knowing it.

The unprecedented levels of interactivity will drive the need for broader awareness of the security risks of IoT. In mere decades, the world has moved from static Web 1.0 apps and websites to dynamic models and emerging Web 3.0 technology.

Web 3.0 exists in a technical manner, like blockchain, and a user experience manner, like a Web 3.0 app that can decipher your intent. Here are some examples of Web 3.0 that already exist:

Blockchain technology: a decentralized record of transactions that are stored on a huge number of computers across the internet. All transactions can be publicly viewed, rely on sophisticated encryption, and are permanent.

Cryptocurrency: a decentralized currency that isn't controlled by any government or central bank, using blockchain technology to record transactions. There are thousands of cryptocurrencies that currently exist, with Bitcoin being the most well-known.

NFT: a non-fungible token linked to a unique digital or physical asset that can't be replaced with something else. NFTs are not cryptocurrencies, which consist of fungible or tradable tokens. This creative example of Web3 technology is bound to evolve in the future.

Distributed computing or edge computing: this technology aims to deliver online data and services as close to where it's being requested or generated as possible. Edge computing leverages the processing power of many devices linked together, working as a kind of decentralized supercomputer. Decentralized computing is closely linked to the Internet of Things.

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FAQs

What's the difference between Web 3.0 and Web3?

The terms Web 3.0 and Web3 are often used interchangeably. But Web 3.0 focuses on the Semantic Web, while Web3 refers to the idea of decentralization. Both concepts aim to give control back to users and offer an alternative vision of the web from the current one.

How does Web 3.0 benefit our lives?

As the third iteration of the web, Web 3.0 offers a range of benefits: It aims to make user experiences more seamless and tailored, on-screen visuals more appealing and advanced (3D graphics), and Web 3.0 technologies more secure.

What language will Web3 use?

Web3 will use numerous programming languages. Solidity is the most widely used language for blockchain programming, which is fundamental to Web3. Other important languages include C++, Java, Python, Rust, HTML, Vyper, Go (Golang), and C#.

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Learn about Web 3.0 (Web3), including how it works and key features. Understand the differences between Web 3.0, Web 2.0, and Web 1.0.

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https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Web-30?Offer=abt_pubpro_AI-Insider

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What Is Web 3.0 (Web3)? Definition, Guide and History

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Read a definition of Web 3.0 (Web3) and learn why AI, the semantic web and blockchain could make the next-generation web more personalized and responsive.

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Web 3.0是一个由互联网社区提出的概

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Web 3.0是一个由互联网社区提出的概念，也被称为“语义Web”。它是互联网的下一个发展阶段，将为用户提供更为智能化和个性化的网络体验。Web 3.0的特点包括以下方面：

人工智能和机器学习技术将被广泛应用于Web应用程序中，从而让用户获得更好的搜索结果、更准确的推荐和更个性化的服务。

分布式应用程序和去中心化的网络架构将成为Web 3.0的主要特征。这将使用户能够更好地控制自己的数据，同时也能保障数据的安全性和隐私保护。

Web 3.0还将支持更广泛的数据格式和协议，从而使互联网更加智能化和自动化。例如，语义标记和知识图谱等技术将使机器能够更好地理解并处理包含在文本、图片和视频等媒体文件中的数据。

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04 基于数字技术的可视化交互设计：探讨数字技术在视觉传达和交互设计方面的创新应用，研究如何将数字技术与传统设计方法相结合，以创造更流畅的交互式用户体验

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04 基于数字技术的可视化交互设计：探讨数字技术在视觉传达和交互设计方面的创新应用，研究如何将数字技术与传统设计方法相结合，以创造更流畅的交互式用户体验

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这个研究方向主要探讨数字技术在视觉传达和交互设计方面的应用，以及数字技术与传统设计方法的结合方式。具体来说，这个研究方向包括以下方面：

数字技术在可视化设计中的应用：研究数字技术在图形设计、动画制作、数据可视化等方面的应用，探索数字技术在可视化设计中的优势和局限，进一步推动数字技术在设计中的应用。

数字技术在用户体验设计中的应用：研究数字技术在用户体验设计中的应用，如何改进界面设计、交互设计、用户测试和评估等方面，提升用户体验，并增强用户与产品的互动。

数字技术与传统设计的融合：探讨如何将数字技术与传统设计方法相结合，以提高设计创新性、效率和可行性。比如应用传统设计的手绘技巧和数字系统的自动化等特点，来创造更具创新性和可执行性的设计。

数字技术在艺术创作中的应用：研究数字技术在艺术创作中的应用，探索数字技术对于艺术创新和作品呈现方式的影响，以及数字技术如何通过数字艺术来推动数字技术的发展。

通过研究数字技术在视觉传达和交互设计方面的应用，以及数字技术与传统设计方法的结合方式，该研究方向旨在为设计师提供更加优秀的工具和平台，并推动可视化交互设计的创新发展。这对于加强数字技术在设计和艺术领域的应用具有重要的意义。

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03 虚拟现实在数字设计中的应用：探讨虚拟现实技术在数字设计中的应用，如何通过虚拟现实技术创造更加沉浸式的用户体验，以及该技术对数字艺术和数字媒体的影响

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03 虚拟现实在数字设计中的应用：探讨虚拟现实技术在数字设计中的应用，如何通过虚拟现实技术创造更加沉浸式的用户体验，以及该技术对数字艺术和数字媒体的影响

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这个研究方向主要探讨虚拟现实技术在数字设计领域中广泛的应用，如何借助虚拟现实来提高数码设计的交互性、可玩性和创意性。同时，这个研究方向还包括以下内容：

虚拟现实在数字艺术中的应用：研究虚拟现实如何改变数字艺术的呈现方式和观众体验，以及如何利用虚拟现实技术来创新数字艺术。

虚拟现实在数字媒体中的应用：研究虚拟现实如何改变数字媒体的制作和传播方式，以及如何利用虚拟现实技术来推动数字媒体的发展。

虚拟现实交互设计：探讨虚拟现实技术在交互设计中的应用，如何构建更加自然和流畅的交互体验，以及如何运用虚拟现实技术来解决交互设计中的挑战。

虚拟现实设计工具和开发平台：研究如何开发适合虚拟现实设计的工具和平台，以帮助设计师更好地使用虚拟现实技术实现创新设计。

这个研究方向的目标是通过探索虚拟现实技术的应用，创造更加流畅、创新和沉浸式的数字设计体验，进一步推动数字艺术和数字媒体的发展。

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02 数字文化遗产保护：结合数字技术和视觉传达，探讨数字文化遗产的保护和传承，探索数字技术如何创新应用在文化遗产数字化重建、数字化传承、数字化展示等方面，并探讨数字技术的弊端及解决方法。

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02 数字文化遗产保护：结合数字技术和视觉传达，探讨数字文化遗产的保护和传承，探索数字技术如何创新应用在文化遗产数字化重建、数字化传承、数字化展示等方面，并探讨数字技术的弊端及解决方法。

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“数字文化遗产保护”是一个充满挑战性和前沿性的研究方向，其主要目的在于利用数字技术和视觉传达来保护和传承丰富的文化遗产。该研究方向可以有以下具体研究内容：

文化遗产数字化重建：使用数字技术对文化遗产物进行准确的数字化重建过程，并提供高清晰度的数字化模型，以实现文化遗产无损保护。

数字文化遗产数字化传承：使用数字技术以及虚拟现实技术，将文化遗产进行虚拟重建，使其能够在数字平台上实现数字传承。

数字文化遗产数字化展示：通过数字技术以及视觉传达技术，将文化遗产展品进行数字化展示，使其具有更加丰富的展示形式，同时使观众得以在数字平台上进行全方位和深度的文化遗产体验。

数字文化遗产数字化保护：利用数字技术进行文化遗产的实时监控和预测，对文化遗产进行数字化保护，以保障文化遗产的安全。

此外，在研究数字文化遗产保护的同时，还需要关注数字技术所面临的弊端和挑战，例如数字化过程中保护文物、建筑、场馆等文化遗产物所带来的难度，以及数字平台上相关文化遗产存在的安全隐患等问题，所以需要系统地探索这些问题并研究解决方案，以达到对文化遗产更好的保护和传承。

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01 人工智能与数字设计的融合：探讨人工智能技术如何应用于数字设计中，以创造更加个性化和智能化的用户体验，同时分析人工智能技术的局限和挑战。

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01 人工智能与数字设计的融合：探讨人工智能技术如何应用于数字设计中，以创造更加个性化和智能化的用户体验，同时分析人工智能技术的局限和挑战。

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“人工智能与数字设计的融合”是一个非常具有前瞻性和挑战性的研究方向，其目的在于将人工智能技术与数字设计相结合，创造更加个性化和智能化的用户体验。该研究方向可以有以下具体研究内容：

基于机器学习的数字设计：在数字设计中使用机器学习算法，该算法不仅可以帮助设计师自动生成创意设计，还可以根据用户需求进行设计优化，为用户提供更加个性化的数字设计体验。

基于自然语言处理的人机交互设计：通过将自然语言处理技术应用于数字设计中，可以实现用户与设计之间的语言交互，从而更好地理解用户需求，完成更加智能的设计过程。

基于深度学习的数字设计：利用深度学习技术和人类美学的理论，探讨数字设计创意的自动发掘与创作。如何训练神经网络模型，使其在设计、色彩、构图等方面产生更加人性化的创意。

基于虚拟设计师模型的数字设计：通过构建虚拟设计师模型，该模型能够学习和模仿人类设计师的风格和创意，从而实现更加人性化的数字设计。

总之，人工智能与数字设计的融合方向可以推动数字设计更加实现智能化、个性化和人性化。同时，也需要重点研究人工智能技术的局限和挑战，以保障数字设计的质量和用户体验。

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1. 数字艺术与视觉传达：探索数字化内容

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1. 数字艺术与视觉传达：探索数字化内容在视觉艺术中的应用，如数字插画、数字绘画、虚拟现实艺术等，研究数字技术对视觉传达的影响与创新。

2. 数字化内容的用户体验：研究数字内容的用户体验设计，如在网页设计、移动应用设计等方面，如何通过视觉传达提升用户体验。

3. 数字化内容的品牌传播：研究品牌在数字化内容中的传播策略，探索视觉传达在品牌建设和传播中的角色，如Logo设计、品牌色彩运用等。

4. 数字化内容的视觉表现：研究数字媒体的视觉表现形式，包括动画、视频、交互界面等，如何通过视觉传达来实现内容的有效传递。

5. 视觉传达在数字营销中的应用：探索数字营销领域中，如社交媒体、数字广告等，视觉传达如何对数字内容的传播和营销产生影响。

6. 数字化内容的视觉故事叙述：研究数字内容的视觉叙事技巧，包括图像故事叙述、数字漫画等，如何通过视觉传达来讲述有效的故事。

7. 视觉传达与数字文化遗产保护：研究数字化内容在文化遗产保护中的应用，如数字化文物保护、虚拟博物馆等，如何通过视觉传达来保护和传承文化遗产。

8. 跨文化视觉传达：研究数字化内容在跨文化传播中的应用，如在全球范围内，如何通过视觉传达跨越语言和文化的障碍，实现内容的传播和理解。

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Where：空间（展览馆、博物馆、展陈空间）

【拓展 - 戏剧厅舞台、城市公共空间？等等】

How：艺术+技术（数字媒体、交互技术、人工智能）

【沉浸式互动体验、叙事性环境（戏剧性）、动作捕捉、随机介入性表演？等等】

Why：观众介入、互动体验

【增加设身处地的体验、提升理解、情感化需求、教育意义？等等】

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https://www.gold.ac.uk/course-finder/

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https://www.arts.ac.uk/research/phd-and-mphil-degrees

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https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pgstudy/course/research/art-history-phd

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https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/research/histart/history-art.aspx

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https://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsa/postgraduate/research_degrees/courses/phd-design.page

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https://www.gsa.ac.uk/study/phd-and-mphil-postgraduate-research-degrees/how-to-apply/

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https://ahc.leeds.ac.uk/design-research-degrees/doc/phd-doctor-philosophy

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http://www.bristol.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/2023/arts/phd-history-of-art/

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https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/areas/culture-media-and-creative-industries-research-mphil-phd

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https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/programmes/list/02898/phd-art-history-and-visual-studies/

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https://www.eca.ed.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/design-mphilphd

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https://www.ucl.ac.uk/slade/study/mphil-phd/

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https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe/departments-and-centres/departments/culture-communication-and-media

https://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/research-degrees/culture-communication-and-media-mphil-phd

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Royal College of Art

University of the Arts London

Goldsmiths, University of London