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Responsive Services:
The counselor will respond to crisis cause by these or any other disorders:

1. Suicide Prevention

2. One-on-one Counseling using techniques from Cognitive Based Therapy (CBT), or any other relevant therapeutic techniques

3. Small Group counseling

4. Initiate the referral process for out-of-school professional services

5. Initiate the referral process for 504 services

6. Individual support - follow-up on cases

7. Parental support -counseling and consultation

Systems Support:

1. Teacher training and consultation

2. Consultant for 504 meetings

Guidance Curriculum:
Monitor and manage student awareness activity to be taught in classrooms and in small groups concerning these topics:

1. Suicide Prevention

2. Anti-Bullying Education

3. Eating Disorders Awareness

4. Interpersonal Relationships and Social Skills

5. Personal boundaries

6. Self esteem and body image

7. Motivation

(Texas Education Agency, 2018)

References:
Texas Education Agency. (2018).  The Texas Model for Comprehensive School Counseling Programs (5th Edition).  Texas Counseling Association.

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NOTE:  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is characterized by a continuous flow of uncontrollable thoughts.  It is also characterized by the sufferer performing repeated behaviors that are compulsive.  The sufferer's thoughts and actions are a result of a loss of control.  This disorder affects men and women equally (Baldridge & Piotrowski, 2019).

Symptoms:
Obsessions can take on five characteristics:
Obsessive doubts -uncompleted tasks, or the doubt of not completing tasks creates anxiety
Obsessive thinking -uncontrollable chain of thoughts and thoughts that target future events
Obsessive impulses- strong urges to do certain tasks, even if they are socially inappropriate
Obsessive fears -a sense that the person has lost control and will commit something embarrassing or harmful
Obsessive images -uncontrolled visual images of a real or imagined event
Common obsessions related to contamination, sexuality, aggression, safety, the need for order, and the fear of being socially inappropriate
(Baldridge & Piotrowksi, 2019).

Compulsions may include:

cleaning

checking

counting

arranging

touching objects

hoarding

seeking reasurance

making lists

avoidance

(Baldridge & Piotrowksi, 2019).

References:
Baldridge, I.C, & Piotrowski, N. A. (2019).  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.  Magill's Medical Guide (Online Edition.) http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.easydb.angelo.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=9&sid=be8672b3-ce12-4f5d-9394-59ed1457db8a%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=86194355&db=ers

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Types of Disruptive and Conduct Disorders:

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

2. Conduct Disorder (CD)

3. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

1.  Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD):

Note:  Symptoms of ADHD may be present in anyone, but in order to be diagnosed with this disorder, a person must display symptoms for six months or longer if an child, five months or longer if an adult in different settings.  A pediatrician or specialist must rule out hearing problems, learning disabilities, seizures, depression, and anxiety (Block et al., 2021).

Symptoms:
Inattention:

Problems maintaining attention

Problems listening

Difficulty following instructions

Difficulty paying attention to details

Difficulty keeping things organized -messiness

Dislikes tasks that require listening skills or sustaining attention

Tasks are often left incomplete

(Block et al., 2021).

Hyperactivity:

Inability to control fidgeting or squirming

Constant talking

Constant interrupting others

Continuously on the go

(Block et al., 2021).

Impulsiveness:

Difficulty in keeping oneself from blurting out or interrupting others

Difficulty in keeping oneself from intruding upon other people's conversations or activities

Difficulty staying in lines or waiting for one's turn

(Block et al., 2021).

2.  Conduct Disorder (CD):

Note: Conduct disorder is characterized by severe and callous disregard toward other people.  Habitual cruelty and violence is a sign of this disorder.  Children and adults seem to acquire pleasure from causing harm or exercising power over others (Childmind Institute, 2021).

Symptoms:

Disregarding social norms

Picking fights

Lying

Stealing

Cheating

Vandalism,

Cruelty to animals

Emotional abuse of others

Wielding of weapons

Forcing sex

(Childmind Institute, 2021)

For More information:
https://childmind.org/guide/guide-to-conduct-disorder/

Oppositional Defiant Disorder:

Note:  This disorder affects both adults and children.

Symptoms:

Frequent loss of temper

Frequent arguing with adults or authority figures

Frequent defiance of authority

Frequent defiance of rules

Frequent bouts of anger

Frequent bouts of resentment

Frequently annoying people

Frequently blaming others

Frequently spiteful or vindictive

(Smith & Bondy, 2007).

References:
Block, R. W., Macdonald, N.E., & Piotrwoski, N. A.. (2021). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).  Magill's Medical Guide (Online Edition). https://easydb.angelo.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true=&db=ers&AN=86193914&site=eds-live

Childmind Institute. (2021).  Conduct Disorder Basics.  Childmind Institute. https://childmind.org/guide/guide-to-conduct-disorder/

Smith, A. & Bondy, E (2007).  "No! I Won't" Understanding and responding to student defiance.  Childhood Education, 83(3), 151+.  https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A160104145/CSIC?u=txshracd2485&sid=ebsco&xid=3b23a462

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NOTE:  Anxiety and fear are normal parts of human behavior and emotions ---> Its function is to keep human beings alive.

Everyone suffers fear and anxiety as some point of one's life, but a portion of the population end up with Anxiety Disorder (AD)

If fear and anxiety are like an alarm system that warns us of burglars, then anxiety disorder is like an alarm that does not turn off, even if there are no burglars (Anxiety Disorder, 2018).

Different types of Anxiety Disorders:

Specific Phobia

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Agoraphobia

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

These disorders mentioned above often result in fear, panic, and anxiety.  Some are characterized by fear, others by anxiety.
(Anxiety Disorders, 2018).

Panic Attacks:
A panic attack is a rapid and sudden mobilization of the fight or flight response.

Fight or flight is a response to extreme dangers like when a person faces a bear.

Panic attack is the same as fight or flight, but with the bear missing.
(Anxiety Disorders, 2018).

References:
Anxiety Disorders. (2018).  Annenberg Learner. https://fod-infobase-com.easydb.angelo.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=160471#

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Types of Eating Disorders:

1. Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

2. Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

3. Binge-Eating Disorders (BED)

4. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (AREID)

5. Other Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)

(Buser, 2012).

Anorexia Nervosa (AN):
An eating disorder characterized by the following criteria:

1. Body weight is 85% of normal weight for a person's age and height

2. Fear of weight gain despite the reality of being underweight

3. Perception of one's body is distorted

4. In females - if the female has missed three consecutive periods - only menstruates with the help of hormones (Buser, 2012).

Two types of Anorexia Nervosa:

1. Restrictive Type: the anorexic restricts food and does not binge-eat

2. Binge-eating Purging Type: the anorexic binges and then purges

(Buser, 2012,).

Bulimia Nervosa (BN):
An eating disorder characterized by four major criteria:

1. The patient engages in binge-eating and experiences a lack of control over his behavior

2. The patient engages in actions, such as vomiting or taking laxatives, that counteract the binge-eating in hopes of avoiding weight gain

3. The frequency of binges occur at least twice weekly and has been occurring for at least three weeks

4. The patient is also over-concerned about his or her weight and body shape

(Buser, 2012).

Binge-Eating Disorders (BED):

An eating disorder characterized by the consumption of large amount of food within a certain period of time and simultaneously experiencing a lack of control over this behavior.

This disorder is characterized by four criteria:

1. Binge-eating occurs at least once a week for a duration of 3 weeks

2. Consumption of abnormal amounts of food within a certain period with a lack of control over his behavior

3. This behavior results in emotions of guilt, shame, disgust, or depression after binge-eating

(Buser, 2012).

Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS):
These types of disorders do not neatly fit the criteria of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, nor Binge-eating disorders.

Example: People purge, but do not binge-eat.
(Buser, 2012).

References:
Buser, J. K.. (2012).  The school counselor's role in addressing eating disorder symptomology among adolescents.  Vistas Online.  American Counseling Association. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/vistas/the-school-counselor-s-role-in-addressing-eating-disorder-pdf?sfvrsn=f1ab2b7e_12

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NOTE:  Bipolar disorder is characterized by a person's mood shifting from a manic state to a depressive state.  Sometimes a person with bipolar disorder may suffer a mixed state of mania and depression, which causes anxiety and delusions (Bardick & Bernes, 2005).

Susceptivity to bipolar disorder usually hereditary (Gooding & Wolford, 2019).

People suffering from bipolar disorder have a tendency to drinking, substance abuse, and suicide.

Depressive state is characterized by:

frequent crying

loss of interest in activities that one enjoys

changes in appearance

increased irritability

changes in sleeping pattern

increased social withdrawal

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Manic state is characterized by the following:

acting silly

giddiness

goofiness

mouthy

having gran diose thoughts

bizarre hallucinations

making outrageous comments

exhibiting hypersexuality

extremely goal-oriented behavior - excessively goal-oriented

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Mixed States are characterized by:
agitation
high energy
constant restlessness with feelings of worthlessness or self-destruction
(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Bipolar Disorder in Children:
Note: Bipolar disorder tends to be misdiagnosed in children, often being confused for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorders (CD), or Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD)
(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021)..

Symptoms at Onset in Children:

irritability

unpredictability

hyperactivity

attention problems

conduct problems

social problems

childhood depression

eating disorders

self-mutilation

suicidal ideation

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

References:
Bardick, A. D., & Bernes, K. B. (2005). A Closer Examination of Bipolar Disorder in School-Age Children. Professional School Counseling, 9(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.5330/prsc.9.1.k2153125rh611517

Gooding, D. C., Wolford, K., & Gooding, D. C. (2019). Bipolar disorder. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.easydb.angelo.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=14&sid=4dba7fa8-71c2-4631-8a97-8beb24da38ed%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=93871807&db=ers

Oyama, O., & Piotrowski, N. A. (2021). Depression. Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition). https://angelo.blackboard.com/webapps/blackboard/content/contentWrapper.jsp?content_id=_3046525_1&displayName=Dysfunctional+Behavior+-+Module+4+Reading+List&course_id=_69774_1&navItem=content&href=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Fblti%2FlaunchPlacement%3Fblti_placement_id%3D_44_1%26content_id%3D_3046525_1%26course_id%3D_69774_1

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NOTE:  Schizophrenia is considered a thought disorder -characterized by disordered thinking and old perceptions that cause serious disfunctions such as withdrawal from the world, delusions, and hallucinations (Piotrowski & Tischauser, 2021).

Symptoms are classified as classified into two categories:

1. Positive Symptoms

2. Negative Symptoms

Positive Symptoms:

Break with reality

Altered perceptions

Hallucinations

Delusions

Evidence of thought disorder or movement disorder

(Piotrowski & Tischauser, 2021).

Negative Symptoms:

Decrease in normal functions

Withdrawal from society

Inability to show emotion

Inability to feel pleasure or pain

Apathy

Lack of facial expression

Flat tone of voice

(Piotrowski & Tischauser, 2021).

Other Symptoms:

Difficulty paying attention

Poor working memory

Difficulty processing information

Limited ability to make informed decisions

(Piotrowski & Tischauser, 2021).

References:
Piotrowski, N. A., & Tischauser, L. V. (2021). Schizophrenia. Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition). http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.easydb.angelo.edu/eds/results?vid=0&sid=0c3c95f5-5ce8-41ad-b348-d5b57984de90%40sessionmgr4008&bquery=schizophrenia&bdata=JnR5cGU9MSZzZWFyY2hNb2RlPUFuZCZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl

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NOTE:

Feeling depressed and suffering from depression are two different things.

People feel depressed or become depressed because of things that happen; however, some people become depressed for nor reason at all.  This is called clinical depression.

Depression is disabling

Anxiety and depression tend to go hand-in-hand -depression is usually stress-induced

Sufferers tend to consider self-harm, including suicide

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Types of Depression:

1. Major depression

2. Psychotic depression -cannot see reality -extreme thoughts -catastrophizing to an extreme

3. Bipolar disorder

4. Post Natal depression

5. Mixed anxiety

6. Depressive Illness

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Depressive Disorder:
A state of depression characterized by a syndrome of symptoms present during a two-week period and presenting a clinically and significant change in previous functioning (Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Depressive Disorder must include at least five of the following symptoms:

depressed mood most of the day

irritable mood most of the day

diminished interest in previously pleasurable activities

significant unintentional weight loss or weight gain

insomnia

hypersomnia

physical agitation

slowness

loss of energy

fatigue

feelings of worthlessness

feelings of guilt or excessive guilt

indecisiveness

diminished ability to concentrate

recurrent thoughts of death

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021).

Potential Causes of Depressive Disorder:

genetic

psychosocial stressors such as death of a loved one, financial difficulties, loss of a job, interpersonal problems, traumatic events

Insecure attachment to parents in early adolescence

experience childhood abuse

neglect

cannabis use

low birth weight

high levels of television viewing and media exposure in adolescence

head injury

(Oyama & Piotrowski, 2021)

References:
Oyama, O., & Piotrowski, N. A. (2021). Depression. Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition). https://angelo.blackboard.com/webapps/blackboard/content/contentWrapper.jsp?content_id=_3046525_1&displayName=Dysfunctional+Behavior+-+Module+4+Reading+List&course_id=_69774_1&navItem=content&href=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Fblti%2FlaunchPlacement%3Fblti_placement_id%3D_44_1%26content_id%3D_3046525_1%26course_id%3D_69774_1