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Conflict is a serious disagreement or argument. There can be a conflict between individuals, groups of people, and even nations.

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Interconnectedness is the state of having connections or relationships with other people. For example, the more people you know from a neighborhood, the more interconnected you are with it.

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Around 1000-1500 CE, Mongolia experienced a drop in mean annual temperature. Animals were a big part in the Mongols Nomadic life. The problem with this was that there was a shortage on grass, which meant there would be no food for the animals to eat. This is an example of conflict because of the food shortage.

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Yes, the Code of Hammurabi set laws but, the punishments the people received when they broke them were more than cruel. If you were to break a law, the punishments you could have recieved was getting a body part cut off, such as the tongue, hands, eyes or ears. This code was set in 1771 BCE. This is an example of conflict because of the amount of people who suffered from these punishments.

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The Code of Hammurabi was one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes and was proclaimed by the Babylonian king Hammurabi, who reigned from 1792 to 1750 B.C. Hammurabi expanded the city-state of Babylon along the Euphrates River to unite all of southern Mesopotamia. The Hammurabi code of laws, a collection of 282 rules, established standards for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice. Hammurabi's Code was carved onto a massive, finger-shaped black stone stele (pillar) that was looted by invaders and finally rediscovered in 1901.

Hammurabi

Hammurabi was the sixth king in the Babylonian dynasty, which ruled in central Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) from c. 1894 to 1595 B.C.

His family was descended from the Amorites, a semi-nomadic tribe in western Syria, and his name reflects a mix of cultures: Hammu, which means "family" in Amorite, combined with rapi, meaning "great" in Akkadian, the everyday language of Babylon.

In the 30th year of his reign, Hammurabi began to expand his kingdom up and down the Tigris and Euphrates river valley, overthrowing the kingdoms of Assyria, Larsa, Eshunna and Mari until all of Mesopotamia was under his sway.

Hammurabi combined his military and political advances with irrigation projects and the construction of fortifications and temples celebrating Babylon's patron deity, Marduk. The Babylon of Hammurabi's era is now buried below the area's groundwater table, and whatever archives he kept are long dissolved, but clay tablets discovered at other ancient sites reveal glimpses of the king's personality and statecraft.

One letter records his complaint of being forced to provide dinner attire for ambassadors from Mari just because he'd done the same for some other delegates: "Do you imagine you can control my palace in the matter of formal wear?"

What Is the Code of Hammurabi?

The black stone stele containing the Code of Hammurabi was carved from a single, four-ton slab of diorite, a durable but incredibly difficult stone for carving.

At its top is a two-and-a-half-foot relief carving of a standing Hammurabi receiving the law-symbolized by a measuring rod and tape-from the seated Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice. The rest of the seven-foot-five-inch monument is covered with columns of chiseled cuneiform script.

The text, compiled at the end of Hammurabi's reign, is less a proclamation of principles than a collection of legal precedents, set between prose celebrating Hammurabi's just and pious rule. Hammurabi's Code provides some of the earliest examples of the doctrine of "lex talionis," or the laws of retribution, sometimes better known as "an eye for an eye."

Did you know? The Code of Hammurabi includes many harsh punishments, sometimes demanding the removal of the guilty party's tongue, hands, breasts, eye or ear. But the code is also one of the earliest examples of an accused person being considered innocent until proven guilty.

The 282 edicts are all written in if-then form. For example, if a man steals an ox, then he must pay back 30 times its value. The edicts range from family law to professional contracts and administrative law, often outlining different standards of justice for the three classes of Babylonian society-the propertied class, freedmen and slaves.

A doctor's fee for curing a severe wound would be 10 silver shekels for a gentleman, five shekels for a freedman and two shekels for a slave. Penalties for malpractice followed the same scheme: a doctor who killed a rich patient would have his hands cut off, while only financial restitution was required if the victim was a slave.

Stele of Hammurabi Rediscovered

In 1901 Jacques de Morgan, a French mining engineer, led an archaeological expedition to Persia to excavate the Elamite capital of Susa, more than 250 miles from the center of Hammurabi's kingdom.

There they uncovered the stele of Hammurabi-broken into three pieces-that had been brought to Susa as spoils of war, likely by the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte in the mid-12th century B.C.

The stele was packed up and shipped to the Louvre in Paris, and within a year it had been translated and widely publicized as the earliest example of a written legal code-one that predated but bore striking parallels to the laws outlined in the Hebrew Old Testament.

The U.S. Supreme Court building features Hammurabi on the marble carvings of historic lawgivers that lines the south wall of the courtroom.

Although other subsequently-discovered written Mesopotamian laws, including the Sumerian "Lipit-Ishtar" and "Ur-Nammu," predate Hammurabi's by hundreds of years, Hammurabi's reputation remains as a pioneering lawgiver who worked-in the words of his monument-"to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak and to see that justice is done to widows and orphans."

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The Code of Hammurabi was one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes and was proclaimed by the Babylonian king Hammurabi, who reigned from 1792 to 1750 B.C. Hammurabi expanded the city-state of Babylon along the Euphrates River to unite all of southern Mesopotamia.

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The ottoman Empire started in 1299 and ended in 1922 CE. It was a war declared by Russia. This time was an example of conflict because of many reasons. Because they were included in the war brought on a lot of conflicts for the Ottoman Empire.

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On 31 July 1914, Tsar Nicholas II ordered the full mobilisation of the Russian Army in response to Germany's obvious preparations for war in the east. Enver Pasha, the Ottoman Minister for War, reacted by ordering the full mobilisation of the Ottoman Army. On 2 August he signed a secret treaty with the German Ambassador. Although this was essentially a defensive military alliance, calling on each party to come to the other's aid against an attack by Russia, it revealed Enver Pasha's view as to who was the Ottoman Empire's most important friend - and who was its most bitter enemy.

While Enver was the de facto leader of the pro-war faction in the 'Young Turk' government, he was opposed by the Prime Minister, Sait Halim, who was convinced that the empire's best option was to remain neutral. He was outraged that Enver had overstepped his remit as Minister for War by signing the secret defence treaty with Germany. But in the political battle that followed, Sait was outmaneuvered. Enver gained the crucial support of Cemal Pasha, the Minister of Marine (responsible for the Ottoman Navy), and Talât Pasha, the Minister of the Interior (responsible for the paramilitary Jandarma - a 40,000-strong force modelled on the French gendarmerie).

Also in Enver's favour was pro-German sentiment in the Ottoman Army, at least among its officers. This reflected the close professional contact between the Ottoman and German officer corps. Since the first German military mission to the Ottoman Army after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-8, German officers had often been attached to the army in an advisory or training role and some of the best Ottoman officers had attended staff colleges in Germany. Ottoman officers admired the German Army's professionalism and traditions, and, like many foreign observers at the time, were convinced that it was the best in the world.

By the same token, the Royal Navy was clearly the world's pre-eminent naval power, and a British military mission was helping modernise and develop the Ottoman Navy. Unfortunately for the British, the navy was the junior service in the Ottoman military hierarchy. To make matters worse, on 5 August, a day after declaring war on Germany, the British government decided to requisition two Ottoman battleships nearing completion in British shipyards for wartime service with the Royal Navy. The decision aroused anger across the Ottoman Empire, as the ships had already been paid for by public subscription.

A few days later the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben and the light cruiser SMS Breslau appeared off the Dardanelles, after evading the French and British fleets in a daring dash through the Mediterranean. They requested passage through the straits to Constantinople. After delicate negotiations - and over Sait's objections - they were allowed to proceed. A week later the two warships - complete with their German crews - were officially 'transferred' to the Ottoman Navy and renamed the Yavuz Sultan Selim and Midilli. The British refused to recognise the transfer unless the German crews were removed, and the Royal Navy blockaded the entrance of the Dardanelles to enforce this demand.

This rapid escalation in tension quickly led to the withdrawal of the British mission to the Ottoman Navy. In late August, General Liman von Sanders, head of the German military mission to the Ottoman Empire, was appointed commander of the Ottoman First Army (whose remit included the Gallipoli Peninsula). Rear-Admiral Wilhelm Souchon, the German naval commander of the Goeben and Breslau, was appointed by Cemal Pasha to command the Ottoman Navy. Although the Ottoman Empire was still ostensibly neutral at this point, Cemal then appointed German Vice-Admiral Guido von Usedom as 'Inspector-General of Coastal Defences and Mines'. Von Usedom's job was to help the Ottoman Army strengthen the coastal defences along both the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles. He arrived in Constantinople on 19 August with a specialist military team of 500 German officers and men. These actions did not go unnoticed in the Allied capitals.

The pro-war faction in the Ottoman government knew that the Germans wanted to bring the empire into the war as quickly as possible. Through such blatant manipulation of the military mission arrangements in favour of Germany, Enver, Cemal and their supporters were clearly signalling where their sympathies lay. By provoking an increasingly belligerent response from the Allied powers, they made it harder for Sait to argue the case for continued neutrality.

But as the weeks dragged by, Enver grew impatient. On 25 October 1914, without consulting any of his ministerial colleagues, he ordered Admiral Souchon to take the Ottoman fleet, including the German-crewed ships, into the Black Sea to attack the Russians. The fleet carried out surprise raids on Theodosia, Novorossisk, Odessa and Sevastopol, sinking a Russian minelayer, a gunboat and 14 civilian ships. On 2 November, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. France and the British Empire, Russia's wartime allies, followed suit on the 5th. Enver Pasha had succeeded in bringing the Ottoman Empire into the First World War on the side of the Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary. Whether he would be as successful in achieving his principle war aim - pan-Turkic expansion into Central Asia at Russia′s expense - was another question.

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On 31 July 1914, Tsar Nicholas II ordered the full mobilisation of the Russian Army in response to Germany's obvious preparations for war in the east. Enver Pasha, the Ottoman Minister for War, reacted by ordering the full mobilisation of the Ottoman Army. On 2 August he signed a secret treaty with the German Ambassador.

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One current conflict that is happening worldwide right now is "armed conflicts". This conflict is about all the combat related deaths  in current or past years. The start of the conflict was in 2019. "2019-2021 Persian Gulf Crisis" is a conflict that is also happening right now. The Locations are Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia.

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Baron De Montesquieu was an Enlightenment Philosopher from 1689-1755 CE. He thought that the government should be elected by the people, which is the reason why he is involved with the impact of interconnectedness.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FPEVoGkR7ZYn-nTZ-1p7pIi8QnKZhKCnAexPw8BYANA/edit
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Zi0gAYtsPKytV6emM5VhBmiPCT8mUq3hPKXCdZsYqjZdu1A4YwJ_ZmgdWQSbGtdt9rKkmRZXbUS7pAA1/view

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an Enlightenment Philosopher from 1712-1778 CE. He was also involved with the impact of interconnectedness too. During his time of being a philosopher, he thought that freedom and authority shouldn't be opposed and the Government should do what the people want.

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Zi0gAYtsPKytV6emM5VhBmiPCT8mUq3hPKXCdZsYqjZdu1A4YwJ_ZmgdWQSbGtdt9rKkmRZXbUS7pAA1/view
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FPEVoGkR7ZYn-nTZ-1p7pIi8QnKZhKCnAexPw8BYANA/edit

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Cesare Beccaria was an Enlightenment Philosopher from 1738-1794 CE. He contributed to impact of interconnectedness because he was very upset by the unfair judges and torture. While he was an enlightenment philosopher, he made it known that he thought punishments should fit the crime and punishments should be lowered. Because of this, the people noticed and he could start building relationships with others because of the changes he made.

Sources:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Zi0gAYtsPKytV6emM5VhBmiPCT8mUq3hPKXCdZsYqjZdu1A4YwJ_ZmgdWQSbGtdt9rKkmRZXbUS7pAA1/view
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FPEVoGkR7ZYn-nTZ-1p7pIi8QnKZhKCnAexPw8BYANA/edit

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Current events of impact of interconnectedness

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Current events of impact of interconnectedness

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COVID-19 is a great example of a current event involving impact of interconnectedness. COVID-19 started in 2019, and is still going on in 2021. COVID-19 is involved with interconnectedness in a few ways, One is since many people have connections with other people or relationships with other people, COVID-19 takes impact of interconnectedness to it's advantage and spreads throughout millions of different people.

Source:
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/03/16/understanding-interconnected-world-covid-19/