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The layers of the skin are the Epidermis, the Dermis and the Subcutaneous layers.

The epidermis is the uppermost layer of skin, is relatively waterproof and prevents most bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances from entering the body.  It also produces pigment melanin that gives human skin, hair and eye their color.

The dermis contains nerve endings, which give us our sense of touch and enable us to feel pain, pressure and recognize temperature.  It also has the sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Fat layer (subcutaneous) helps insulate the body from heat and cold, provides protective padding and serves as an energy storage area.

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The outermost layer of the skin, making it the protective barrier which prevents the entry of harmful bacteria, viruses an other foreign substances into the deeper layers.

It prevents water loss from the skin and is also responsible for its color due to the presence of melanocytes.

There are five layers of the epidermis: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum and the Stratum Germinativum.

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Outermost layer of the epidermis.

Protects the inner layers of the skin from mechanical damage. It consists of 15-30 layers of dead keratinized cells.  They are shed about every four weeks. The name comes from the keratinization or "cornification" that happens.

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2nd layer of the epidermis, between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum.

This layer has closely packed keratinocyte cells with seleiden, a clear protein rich in lipids.  This is the thick skin that is on the palms and feet and is transparent.

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Third layer of skin, between the Stratum Lucidum and Stratum Spinosum.

Composed of 3-5 layers of Keratinocytes.  It appears grainy (thus the word) due to the changes in keratinocytes that are being pushed to this layer.

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Fourth layer of the epidermis, between the Stratum Granulosum & the Stratum Germinativum (basal) layers.

Composed of daughter keratinocytes and dendrite cells, which fight infections in the body. It is shiny in appearance due to protruding structures called desmosomes.

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Epidermis - Layer 5: Stratum Germinativum

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Epidermis - Layer 5: Stratum Germinativum

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The lowest layer of the epidermis.  Also called Stratum Basale.

Composed of keratinocytes, melanocytes and tactile cells.  Keratinocytes produced here constantly undergo cell division and are pushed to the upper layers of the epidermis.

The cells in this layer are attached to the dermal layer of the skin via collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane.

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Connective tissue layer of skin, under the epidermis.

This layer contains collagen, elastin, fibroblasts and other connective tissue. It also has many blood vessels, nerve endings and hair follicles.  This layer also contains sebaceous glands, which produce sebum and contains sweat glands.

There are two layers of the dermis, the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis.

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This uppermost layer of the dermis, formed by collagen and elastin in a loose mesh pattern.

Contains adipocytes (fat cells), blood vessels and phagocytes (defensive cells). It also contains lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers and touch receptors.

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The second layer of the dermis.

This layer contains dense, irregular and vascularized connective tissue. It contains collagen and elastin fibers. Collagen give strength to the skin and elastin gives skin its elastic nature.

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Subcutaneous tissue, or hypodermis lies under the dermis.

This layer consists of well-vascularized, loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.

This layer maintains the temperature and acts like a cushion or shock absorber. It also helps attach the dermis to the bones and muscles.

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Consisting of: Hair shaft, sweat pores, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscle, sodoriferous glands, hair follicles, nerve fibers, arteries, veins and corpuscles.