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A) When the temperature around the thermometer rises, the mercury gains heat from its surroundings, looking for balance, particles with more heat have more energy and bump into each other more, causing the particles to get away from each other, making the mercury expand. When the temperature drops around the thermometer, the mercury gives its heat to the surrounding area, looking for balance, because of that, the particles have less energy and get closer together, causing the mercury to contract.

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b) The mercury thermomether was invented in 1709

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c)

The volume in the bulb (lower part) is way bigger than the volume in  the tube

It was invented by Daniel Fahrenheit using the fahrenheit scale but is also used in Celsius

Replacing the glass with fused quartz makes the thermometer’s limit in temperature go up to 800°C

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d) The hottest temperature ever recorded in a thermometer was 58°C, the coldest was -88°C (using a Stevenson Screen)

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I always wondered why Celsius and Fahrenheit were so different..

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Stevenson screen ⬆