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Could you go over MAP kinase signaling and Ras GTPases

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How to find half life in equilibrium

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In a multi pass transmembrane protein how does the final destination (golgi or plasma membrane) impact where the loops will be?

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What's a micelle?

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What's induced proximity?

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A single protein can be phosphorylated in more than one place at the same time?

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What proportion of proteins in the cell is thought to be phosphorylated at any given time?

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i.      There is a protein with an SH2 domain that binds to another protein with a phosphorylated tyrosine. However, this protein with the SH2 domain doesn’t just bind to any old protein with a phosphorylated tyrosine. It’s choosy about which ones it binds to. why?

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What are the two ways protein phosphorylation can affect the activity of the protein?

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If the final folded shape of a protein is the conformation or lowest free energy then how can a protein’s shape be changed by allosteric regulation? Wouldn’t changing shape be an energetically unfavorable reaction?

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An overview of the processes of E1, E2, and E3

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What's the N-end rule?

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how do the degradation system recognizes unfolded or misfolded proteins?

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What is the proteolytic machinery?

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In terms of free-energy, why does PrP* pull normal PrP into an aggregate form but, when it is initially converting, it is hard to turn PrP into PrP*?

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What is the difference between polypeptide chains and nascent polypeptide chains?

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I would like a better explanation of how these two work.

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Is in vivo only experiments on living organisms? Or does it relate to primary culture, since it's directly from the organism's tissue?

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what is a purified cell-free system? and how does this methodogical approach align with the reductionist approach?

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What are the requirements for a successful cell culture? The book mentions suspension not being the best way to grow culture, but does that mean eukaryotic cell cultures shouldn't have any liquid on them?

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I don't get how it helps us understand the function on a protein.

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Coupling of reactions

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Do covalent bond contribute the same way to the shape, function and interaction of molecules as non-covalent bonds?

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How are the change in Free Energy and the change in standard free energy different? Delta G vs Delta G w/ degree symbol?

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With the enzymes allowing the activation energy for a reaction to require less energy does that mean there is more free energy left over?