# data[].attributes.body
Exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century BCE. They were exploring out of curiosity, the pursuit of trade, the spread of religion and the desire for security and political power. This included: exploration of the Old World, Atlantic coastlines, Indian Oceans and China sea coastlines, the land routes of Central Asia, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout these centuries, people were kidnapped from the continent of Africa, forced into slavery in the American colonies and exploited to work as indentured servants and labor in the production of crops such as tobacco and cotton. Slaves were cheaper than servants and was a more plentiful labor source. The 13thamendment abolished slavery in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Mercantilism led to the emergence of what’s been called the “triangular trade. It is a system of exchange in which Europe supplied Africa and the Americas with finished goods, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, and Africa supplied the Americas with enslaved laborers.

# data[].attributes.body
The Revolutionary War was an insurrection by American Patriots in the 13 colonies to British rule, resulting in American independence. The protest began in opposition to taxes levied without colonial representation by the British monarchy and Parliament. It was the idea of “no taxation without representation” and “life, liberty, private property, and the pursuit of happiness”.

# data[].attributes.body
The Declaration of Independence was a proclamation made by second American Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which asserted the freedom and independence of the 13 Colonies from Great Britain. The three basic ideas are: God made all men equal and gave them the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; the main business of government is to protect these rights; if government tries to withhold these rights, the people are free to revolt

# data[].attributes.body
This document was adapted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777. This document served as the United States’ first constitution. It was in force from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present-day constitution went into effect. It stemmed from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims by states.

# data[].attributes.body
The constitution established America’s national government and fundamental laws and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. It was signed by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

# data[].attributes.body
The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the constitution. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual- like freedom of speech, press, and religion. It put limits on the national government’s right to control specific civil liberties and rights.

# data[].attributes.body
Eli Whitney created the Cotton Gin, which enabled the rapid separation of seeds from cotton fibres. It was built in 1793, the machine helped make cotton a profitable export crop in the southern United States and further promoted the use of slavery for cotton cultivation.

# data[].attributes.body
Futon’s first experimental steamboat sailed down the Seine River in 1803. After this success, Livingston and Fulton started to construct a steamboat in New York. The steamboat was not only used to move people but also goods. The steamboat traveled at an average speed of 4.5 miles per hour.

# data[].attributes.body
The Louisiana Purchase encompassed 530,000,000 acres of territory in North America that the United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million. The Louisiana territory was named in honor of King Louis XIV of France.

# data[].attributes.body
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was also known as the corps of discovery expedition. It was an expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. Led by Captain Meriweather, they wanted to explore the Louisiana purchase as well as the Pacific Northwest.

# data[].attributes.body
War between United States against Great Britain, from whom American colonies had won their independence in 1783. One of the reasons for war was Britain’s interference with its trade and impressment of its seamen. Another reason was America’s desire to expand settlement into India, British, and Spanish territories.

# data[].attributes.body
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. The Industrial Revolution increased wealth, the production of goods and the standard of living.

# data[].attributes.body
A severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. It made it to different countries in different years. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped-out millions of investors. Over the years, consumer spending dropped, causing deep declines in industrial output.

# data[].attributes.body
Written by James Monroe December 2nd, 1823. It was warning European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. The doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

# data[].attributes.body
The forced relocation during the 1830s of Indigenous peoples of the Southeast region of the U.S to the so-called Indian Territory west of the Mississippi river. 16,000 Native Americans were marched over 1,200 miles of rugged land. Over 4,000 of these Indians died of disease, famine and warfare. This was part of Andrew Jackson’s Indian removal policy.

# data[].attributes.body
The idea that the U.S. is destined- by God, to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent. It was used as a pretext for the United States to acquire land in the Oregon Country, Texas, Mexico and California.

# data[].attributes.body
The populating by Europeans of the land within the continental boundaries of the mainland United States. This process began shortly after the first colonial settlements were established along the Atlantic coast. The gold rush attracted opportunists, miners, and businessmen. It also brought much needed goods to the West and created small mining towns.

# data[].attributes.body
U.S. Supreme Court ruling on March 6, 1857, that having lived in a free state and territory did not entitle an enslaved person, Dred Scott, to his freedom. The decision argued that, as someone's property, Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in a federal court

# data[].attributes.body
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy. The central cause of the war was the status of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into territories acquired as a result of the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican American War.

# data[].attributes.headline
13th Amendment- Abolition of Slavery 1864

# data[].attributes.subject
13th Amendment- Abolition of Slavery 1864

# data[].attributes.body
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.".

# data[].attributes.headline
14th Amendment- Equal Treatment Under the Law 1868

# data[].attributes.subject
14th Amendment- Equal Treatment Under the Law 1868

# data[].attributes.body
The Fourteenth Amendment is an amendment to the United States Constitution that was adopted in 1868. It granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people who had been emancipated after the American Civil War. It extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to formerly enslaved people.

# data[].attributes.headline
15th Amendment- Voting Rights for Black Men 1870

# data[].attributes.subject
15th Amendment- Voting Rights for Black Men 1870

# data[].attributes.body
Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. Poll taxes and literacy tests were used to keep African Americans from voting. Jim Crow laws separated blacks from whites in public and private facilities.

# data[].attributes.body
Sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 and ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. His murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted until 1918. The allies won World War I after four years of combat and the deaths of some 8.5 million soldiers as a result of battle wounds or disease.

# data[].attributes.headline
19th Amendment- Voting Rights for Women 1920 

# data[].attributes.subject
19th Amendment- Voting Rights for Women 1920 

# data[].attributes.body
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women's suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest.

# data[].attributes.body
The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering.

# data[].attributes.body
World War II (WWII) was a long and bloody war that lasted about six years. Officially beginning on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, World War II lasted until both the Germans and the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies in 1945.

# data[].attributes.body
The Korean War was a war fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea.

# data[].attributes.body
In Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The 1954 decision declared that separate educational facilities for white and African American students were inherently unequal

# data[].attributes.body
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. The boycott took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, and is regarded as the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation

# data[].attributes.body
Vietnam War, (1954–75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. America “lost” South Vietnam because it was an artificial construct created in the wake of the French loss of Indochina. Because there never was an “organic” nation of South Vietnam, when the U.S. discontinued to invest military assets into that construct, it eventually ceased to exist.

# data[].attributes.body
"I Have a Dream" is a public speech that was delivered by American civil rights activist and Baptist minister, Martin Luther King Jr., during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963. In the speech, King called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States

# data[].attributes.body
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were a series of four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamic extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday September 11, 2001. This was the deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil; nearly 3,00 people were killed.