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Continents and oceans https://lizardpoint.com/geography/world-quiz.php

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The tips box and the important notes box are both draggable, should you need to move them

To zoom the screen, use:

Windows: Zoom IN by holding down "Ctrl", and pressing "+" (Ctrl +).Zoom OUT by holding down "Ctrl" and pressing "-" (Ctrl -)

Mac: Zoom IN by holding down "command" and pressing "+" ( ⌘ +).Zoom OUT by holding down "command" and pressing "-" ( ⌘ -)

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Test your geography knowledge: World countries geography quiz

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World countries geography quiz - just click on the map to answer the questions about the countries in the world

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The '9-1' OCR specification for GCSE Geography, examined from summer 2018.

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Learn A Levels, GCSE, KS3 & KS2 2x Faster with Seneca

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Learn A Levels, GCSE, KS3 & KS2 2x Faster with Seneca

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GCSE Geography - Urban Futures (Istanbul Case Study) Flashcards | Quizlet

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Memorise flashcards and create a practice test to quiz yourself before your exam. Start studying flashcards for GCSE Geography - Urban Futures (Istanbul Case Study) containing terms like Where is Istanbul located?, What divides Istanbul into two halves?, What continent is the East half of Istanbul i…

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Urban stability case study - Birmingham - Urban change in the UK - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize

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Learn about and revise the challenges that some British cities face, including regeneration and urban sustainability, with GCSE Bitesize Geography (AQA).

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Example: Mass movement Holbeck Hall Hotel

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Example: Mass movement Holbeck Hall Hotel

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The Holbeck Hall landslide, south of Scarborough in North Yorkshire, attracted considerable interest when it destroyed the four-star Holbeck Hall Hotel between 3 and 5 June 1993. A rotational landslide involving about 1 million tonnes of glacial till cut back the 60 m-high cliff by 70 m. It flowed across the beach to form a semicircular promontory 200 m wide projecting 135 m outward from the foot of the cliff.

The landslide is National Landslide Database ID 10741/1.

Landslide details

The first signs of movement on the cliff were seen six weeks before the main failure, when cracks developed in the tarmac surface of footpaths running across the cliffs. These were filled to stop ingress of water to the cliff, but when the cracks reopened shortly before the main failure, the council closed the cliff paths below the hotel. At this time, a small part of the hotel garden was also observed to have suffered a minor movement.

There was originally 70 m of garden between the hotel and the cliff edge. At 6 am on 4 June, a guest saw that 55 m of the garden had disappeared. The hotel was evacuated and the landslide continued to develop, culminating in the collapse of the east wing of the hotel by the evening of 5 June.

The likely cause of the landslide was a combination of:

rainfall of 140 mm in the two months before the slide took place

issues related to the drainage of the slope

pore water pressure build up in the slope

geology

The landslide is a rotational landslide degrading to a mud/debris flow which covered the rocks on the beach (platform).

Geology

The cliff consists of glacial till (sandy, silty clay) resting on a low cliff of the Middle Jurassic Scalby Formation. The Scalby Formation comprises the Scalby Mudstone and the Moor Grit (sandstone).

References

Forster, A. 1993. Scarborough Landslip. Geoscientist, Vol. 3(5), 2-3.

Forster, A, and Culshaw, M. 2004. Implications of climate change for hazardous ground conditions in the UK, GeologyToday, Vol. 20(2), 61-66.

Lee, E M. 1999. Coastal planning and management: the impact of the 1993 Holbeck Hall landslide, Scarborough. East Midlands Geographer, Vol. 21(2) and Vol. 22(1), 78-91.

Blogs

Unseen video footage - the Holbeck Hall landslide 25 years on by Catherine Pennington. Looking back to the Holbeck Hall landslide with unseen video footage taken at the time from an aeroplane - drones hadn't been invented yet...

Gallery

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Holbeck Hall, Scarborough - British Geological Survey

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The Holbeck Hall landslide, south of Scarborough in North Yorkshire, attracted considerable interest when it destroyed the four-star Holbeck Hall Hotel between 3 and 5 June 1993. A rotational landslide involving about 1 million tonnes of glacial till cut back the 60 m-high cliff by 70 m.

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Samasati Costa Rica case study (small scale)

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Samasati Costa Rica case study (small scale)

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Costa Rica Wellness & Yoga Retreat and Rainforest Eco Lodge | Samasati

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Immerse yourself in one of the most bio-diverse ecosystem on Earth at Samasati, a secluded eco resort & wellness retreat in Costa Rica.

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Cycone Nargis struck in May 2008 and caused huge devastation in the military dictatorship of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma).The tropical system developed from a low pressure system in the Bay of Bengal during the last week of April. Early on 27 April, The India Meteorological Department (IMD) declared the system had strengthened to a tropical depression on the 27th of April, about 748 km (465 mi) east-southeast of Madras,India. The depression slowly moved north-northwest at about 11 km/h (7 mph) as convective banding around its center increased. On 28 April, the system was centered 547 kilometers (340 miles) east of Madras and the IMD upgraded the storm to a cyclone, Nargis. This is the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.By the morning of 29 April, the cyclone had winds of 161 km/h (100 mph), making it equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane or a very severe cyclonic storm, as regarded by the IMD. It then decreased in strength, only to rapidly intensify on May the 1st and track eastward, returning to cyclone status. By 2 May, the cyclone reached its peak status with winds of 217 km/h (135 mph) (equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane). Cyclone Nargis made landfall in southwestMyanmar on 2 May, near the town of Wagon in the Ayeyarwady Division. The storm moved inland, but remained along the coast of the Irrawaddy Delta, which prevented the rapid weakening traditionally exhibited by cyclones as they moved over land, this didn't happen until the 3rd of May.

Impacts Responses Initially the response of the Military government was appalling.The military Junta did not want foreign people coming into the country and destabilising their political oppression, so they refused aid despite the scale of the disaster.A full 6 days after the storm made landfall and with the government woefully underprepared and unable to cope, the Myanmar government representation from the United States formally asked the United Nations (UN) for help. Response * Italian flights were allowed to enter on 7th May to bring food supplies. * Indian navy and air force supplied 140 tonnes of tents, blankets and medicines. On 8th May they also sent 50 medical personnel and set up 2 mini hospitals. s were largely from international organisation and through international aid.

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Cycone Nargis struck in May 2008 and caused huge devastation in the military dictatorship of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma ).The tropical system developed from a low pressure system in the Bay of Bengal during the last week of April.

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Causes

On 25 April 2015 a 7.8 earthquake struck Nepal in Asia. The earthquake occurred on a convergent collision plate boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The focus was only eight kilometres deep and the epicentre was just 60 kilometres north-west from the capital Kathmandu.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing approximately 20 people. This made April 25 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were killed.

Impacts

Infrastructure

Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including some at the Changu Narayan Temple and the Dharahara Tower.

Thousands of houses were destroyed across many districts of the country.

Social and economic

8,632 dead and 19,009 injured.

It was the worst earthquake in Nepal in more than 80 years.

Temperatures dip in Nepal at night, and people chose to sleep outside due to aftershocks or the possibility of houses collapsing.

Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages flattened.

1.7 million children had been driven out into the open.

Harvests were reduced or lost that season.

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) initially estimated economic losses at nine per cent to 50 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), with a best guess of 35 per cent.

Short term loss of tourist revenue, a major industry in Nepal.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing approximately 20 people. Estimates put the number of trekkers and climbers at Base Camp at the time of the quake at up to 1000.

The steep valleys of the area suffered many landslides, the village of Ghodatabela was covered, killing 250 people.

Responses to reduce the impacts

International aid was provided by India and China who in total committed over $1 billion to help support Nepal.

The UK offered help and support. Over 100 search and rescue responders, medical experts, and disaster and rescue experts were sent together with three Chinook helicopters for use by the Nepali government.

The GIS tool "Crisis mapping" was used to coordinate the response.

Aid workers from charities such as the Red Cross came to help.

Temporary housing was provided, including 'Tent city' in Kathmandu.

Responses to build capacity to cope

A new government taskforce was created to help deal with future earthquakes.

Areas were zoned to assess damage.

People are now being educated across Nepal to do earthquake drills.

Responses to tackle the root cause

The Government of Nepal is trying hard to reduce poverty so that people can build homes and structures which could withstand earthquakes.

Long-term

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) provided a $3 million grant to Nepal for immediate relief efforts, and up to $200 million for the first phase of rehabilitation.

Aid was donated by a huge number of countries. The UK gave £73 million, of which £23 million was donated by the government and £50 million was donated by the public. The UK also provided 30 tonnes of humanitarian aid and eight tonnes of equipment.

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Earthquakes and tsunami - WJEC - Revision 5 - GCSE Geography - BBC Bitesize

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On 25 April 2015 a 7.8 earthquake struck Nepal in Asia. The earthquake occurred on a convergent collision plate boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The focus was only eight kilometres deep and the epicentre was just 60 kilometres north-west from the capital Kathmandu.

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The area around Swanage is made up of bands of hard and soft rock. The soft rock is made of clay and sands, and the hard rock is chalk and limestone. The bands of soft rock erode more quickly than those of the more resistant hard rock leaving a section of land jutting out into the sea, called a headland. The areas where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland, are called bays. This process created Swanage Bay, Studland Bay and two headlands, including Durlston Head.

Coastlines where the geology alternates between bands of hard and soft rock which are perpendicular to the shore are called discordant coastlines .

A concordant coastline has the same type of rock along its length. The alternating bands of hard and soft rock run parallel to the coast. Lulworth Cove is situated on the south coast of England, on a concordant coastline.

The entrance to the cove is narrow where the waves have cut through weaknesses in the resistant limestone. Then the cove widens where the softer clays have been more easily eroded. At the back of the cove is a band of more resistant chalk, so erosion is slower here.

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Case study - coastal landforms: Dorset coastline - Coastal landforms - erosional and depositional processes - Edexcel - GCSE Geography Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

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The area around Swanage is made up of bands of hard and soft rock. The soft rock is made of clay and sands, and the hard rock is chalk and limestone. The bands of soft rock erode more quickly than those of the more resistant hard rock leaving a section of land jutting out into the sea, called a headland.

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Start studying Case study: The Thames Basin. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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The Antarctic Treaty case study (Global scale)

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The Antarctic Treaty case study (Global scale)

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Skip to content

There are few places on Earth where there has never been war, where the environment is fully protected, and where scientific research has priority. The whole of the Antarctic continent is like this. A land which the Antarctic Treaty parties call a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science.

The Antarctic Treaty came into force on 23 June 1961 after ratification by the twelve countries then active in Antarctic science. The Treaty covers the area south of 60°S latitude. Its objectives are simple yet unique in international relations. They are:

to demilitarize Antarctica, to establish it as a zone free of nuclear tests and the disposal of radioactive waste, and to ensure that it is used for peaceful purposes only;

to promote international scientific cooperation in Antarctica;

to set aside disputes over territorial sovereignty.

The treaty remains in force indefinitely. The success of the treaty has been the growth in membership. Forty six countries, comprising around 80% of the world's population, have acceded to it. Consultative (voting) status is open to all countries who have demonstrated their commitment to the Antarctic by conducting significant research.
Signatories to the Antarctic Treaty:
Twenty eight nations, including the UK, have Consultative status. The Treaty parties meet each year at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. They have adopted over 300 recommendations and negotiated separate international agreements, of which three are still in use. These, together with the original Treaty provide the rules which govern activities in Antarctica. Collectively they are known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS).

The three international agreements are:

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972)

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980)

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991)

The full text of the Treaty is given in The Antarctic Treaty (1959)

Flags of the Antarctic Treaty Nations, as at June 2015

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Skip to content There are few places on Earth where there has never been war, where the environment is fully protected, and where scientific research has priority. The whole of the Antarctic continent is like this. A land which the Antarctic Treaty parties call a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science.

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Whaling in the Arctic case study (Small scale)

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Whaling in the Arctic case study (Small scale)

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At the northern end of the populated world, a kind of whaling goes on that is the polar opposite of the industrial-scale, mechanised harvesting that brought several species close to the brink of extinction in decades gone by.

Around the Arctic rim, peoples such as Inuit and Inupiat catch whales for eating, and a few other uses, within their local communities.

Aboriginal subsistence whaling (ASW) - or indigenous subsistence whaling, as it's to be known in future - is not without its critics.

Some object on the grounds that it's still killing whales, and therefore wrong.

Others point to the fact that whales take longer to die on average in subsistence hunts than in the commercial variety, so it's more cruel.

Yet more ask whether the communities in question really need the meat, in the 21st Century as we are, especially if they live in nations that are either rich, such as the US, or shortly to be so, in the case of Greenland.

Interestingly, some on the pro-whaling side - Iceland, Japan, Norway, and others - share the criticisms, arguing that whale hunting is whale hunting, wherever it happens and who does it, and that indigenous groups should get no special treatment.

A few years ago, I visited the Alaskan town of Barrow, which is so far north that virtually nothing will grow in the ground, and ice is more common underfoot than anything approximating to soil.

I talked about whaling and the bowheads that pass the coast twice a year on their annual migration, but wasn't able to meet the community's leading lights, as they were away at the time lobbying for the right to continue their tradition.

With ASW up for review again at next year's IWC meeting, they're now in Jersey - so we took the chance, over a lunch table that bore no whalemeat, to have the discussion that I'd have liked to have four years ago.

Structural integrity

The Brower family is one of Barrow's oldest, and has produced a stream of whaling captains, including Harry and Eugene, both imposing-looking men with whom you would not want to tangle.

Harry currently chairs the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission (AEWC), while Eugene leads a team looking specifically at weapons issues.

Johnny Aiken is AEWC executive director, and George Noongwook the vice-chair.

For a small organisation, it seems therefore to have a lot of structure; and indeed, the notion of social structure ran right through our conversation.

Each whaling captain carries real status in the community, which means rights as well as responsibilities.

In charge of the whaling boat's operations, the principal responsibility is to provide whalemeat for his crew, his family and the extended community.

It's not quite as vital for nutrition as it once was, because now most of the 11 whaling villages do have food stores, and many people have paid jobs.

But it's still clearly a major aspect of life. Not only bowhead whales but seals and fish are caught for food, with some being bartered with other indigenous groups inland in return for caribou meat.

The diet of virtually unexpurgated meat would give a Western dietician nightmares, but it clearly works fine for the Inupiat.

I asked about the importance of whales now as a source of food.

It proved a difficult question to answer - George explained, for example, how whale oil might be used for flavouring in dishes that were not made of whalemeat, such as caribou soup - and about the closest we could get is that on average, people will eat whalemeat a couple of times each week.

Traditionally, the meat is kept in caves dug into the permafrost, although climate change appears to be taking a toll.

Eugene explained that whereas meat would keep virtually indefinitely a few decades ago, now it won't - temperatures are too high in summer - and several communities have invested in Western-style chest freezers.

Warming has also changed hunting habits.

Traditionally the sealskin boats - quiet and stealthy - pushed out in April.

Now, a fair bit of the hunting - 40%, in the case of George's southernmost village of Savoonga - is done in November and December, as the bowhead whales return south.

At this point in the year, the ice is so tough as to wreck sealskin boats, so materials such as aluminium are used instead.

The whales appear to be fatter than in the recent past.

Craig George, a scientist based in Barrow, has correlated records going back into the last century, and believes the whales do better in warmer years with less ice, perhaps because they can stay longer in the northern feeding grounds.

And the Inupiat say the feeding season is now a couple of weeks longer than it used to be.

Whether the whales will continue to get fatter as the ice melts further, or whether the trend will reverse, is another matter.

Respecting tradition

Technology and enhanced scrutiny over welfare issues have also changed the hunt, with modern explosive harpoons used - the idea being to kill the animal as quickly as possible - ideally, instantaneously.

Not that the Inupiat themselves use the term "kill".

And here is where the real insights begin, taking you into a world with mores and values a world away from modern, Western-style existence - a marked contrast in particular with mainstream US cultures of speed and instant opportunities and individualism.

Harry Brower explained the Inupiat belief that a whale comes ashore in human form as the boats' crews gather to discuss the coming season's hunt.

If the whale/human hears anything disrespectful, they will not allow themselves to be caught - and, he added, there are some captains who have been hunting for years without ever catching a thing, the implication being that they were not respectful enough.

The crews "receive" their whales from the sea, with the captain giving a prayer of thanks immediately afterwards.

Like the early Japanese whaling, swathes of people are needed to haul the whales up onto the ice, butcher it and prepare food, with an immediate delicacy being the "muktuk" - the blend of blubber and skin, eaten raw.

The meat, blubber, internal organs, skin, and flippers are apportioned between those on the ice, the crew, and the captain - but the captain is then responsible for sharing that meat around the community in the next few months, with festival days prominent.

And you can't become a captain in a hurry. Purely from a survival point of view, Eugene explained, you have to learn the signals of moving ice and currents and winds, with polar bears a regular hazard.

Get that wrong in the old days, and the crew died - although nowadays search and rescue helicopters can be called in.

Still, boys (and increasingly, girls) have to work up from the bottom. The Browers's first tasks were washing up and preparing tea and coffee; and there are crewmen in their 40s complaining they are not yet captains.

When you do make it to captain, you are considered a "true person". Captains' wives, too, hold a pivotal and powerful place in society.

In the Alaskan hunts, none of the meat is sold - although there are carvers who make trinkets from bones and baleen, some selling for many hundreds of dollars.

Cash concerns

Not all ASW hunts have been free of commercial taint.

Three years ago, the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) found that about a quarter of whalemeat from the Greenland Inuit hunts, for example, found its way into supermarket chains, where it could be bought by anyone, not just the indigenous people for whom it was intended.

For this reason, and the others I noted at the top of this post, some would like the IWC to consider the issue of ASW far more critically than it has done in the past.

For my lunch companions, ending the hunt is not to be contemplated.

The community coheres around whaling, and the communal nature of the hunt gives structure to the society - that's one aspect of their argument.

But they also argue that they provide the best defence for the whales against developments that could seriously harm them, such as oil and gas exploration.

Inupiat society and values clearly appeal to some westerners.

In Barrow, I met a number of people from the US mainland (the "contiguous 48 states", as they say) who had chosen to live there despite the harsh weather, the months without sunlight, the absence of luxuries in the stores and the very different societal structure.

And they defended whaling to the hilt, even those who had previously imagined they would be against it, because they saw it as the society's foundations; remove the whaling, and one of the few indigenous cultures to endure relatively intact in the western world would collapse.

Is that more important than the whales themselves, or less? And are the whales better or worse off because the hunters are there?

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At the northern end of the populated world, a kind of whaling goes on that is the polar opposite of the industrial-scale, mechanised harvesting that brought several species close to the brink of extinction in decades gone by. Around the Arctic rim, peoples such as Inuit and Inupiat catch whales for eating, and a few other uses, within their local communities.

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More than ever, we're aware of the vulnerability of our polar regions. Climate change is now everyday conversation and melting ice caps and stranded polar bears are headline news. The receding ice – and the rising sea levels it brings – is a global issue, threatening people and ecosystems around the world, from the equator to the poles themselves. A question hangs over the future of tourism in the Polar Regions.

But in each region, this threat has been handled quite differently. Government-free Antarctica is carefully protected by the Antarctic Treaty, which bans conflict, mining and oil prospecting while opening the frozen continent to those who wish to carry out research activities. Tourism is also strictly controlled. The Arctic, on the other hand, finds itself somewhat more vulnerable. Shared between eight countries and with a population of four million, this floating ice cap is now being drilled and mined, to the horror of both environmentalists around the world, and the Inuit populations that have lived on the edge of the ice for centuries.

In both cases, then, it is not tourism which causes the greatest harm – but the activities of governments, businesses and individuals around the world.

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Responsible tourism in the Antarctic & Arctic

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More than ever, we're aware of the vulnerability of our polar regions. Climate change is now everyday conversation and melting ice caps and stranded polar bears are headline news. The receding ice - and the rising sea levels it brings - is a global issue, threatening people and ecosystems around the world, from the equator to the poles themselves.

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Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet

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Our Trajectory

Earth Will Continue to Warm and the Effects Will Be Profound

The potential future effects of global climate change include more frequent wildfires, longer periods of drought in some regions, and an increase in the wind intensity and rainfall from tropical cyclones. Credit: left - Mike McMillan/USFS, center - Tomas Castelazo / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0, right - NASA.

Global climate change is not a future problem. Changes to Earth's climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming sooner.

Effects that scientists had long predicted would result from global climate change are now occurring, such as sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, and longer, more intense heat waves.

" The magnitude and rate of climate change and associated risks depend strongly on near-term mitigation and adaptation actions, and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming."

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Some changes (such as droughts, wildfires, and extreme rainfall) are happening faster than scientists previously assessed. In fact, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - the United Nations body established to assess the science related to climate change - modern humans have never before seen the observed changes in our global climate, and some of these changes are irreversible over the next hundreds to thousands of years.

Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for many decades, mainly due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities.

A Degree of Difference

So, the Earth's average temperature has increased about 2 degrees Fahrenheit during the 20th century. What's the big deal?

Read more

The IPCC's Sixth Assessment report, published in 2021, found that human emissions of heat-trapping gases have already warmed the climate by nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) since 1850-1900. The global average temperature is expected to reach or exceed 1.5 degrees C (about 3 degrees F) within the next few decades. These changes will affect all regions of Earth.

What's the difference between climate change and global warming?

"Global warming" refers to the long-term warming of the planet. "Climate change" encompasses global warming, but refers to the broader range of changes that are happening to our planet, including rising sea levels; shrinking mountain glaciers; accelerating ice melt in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic; and shifts in flower/plant blooming times.

detailed answer

The severity of effects caused by climate change will depend on the path of future human activities. More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet. However, those future effects depend on the total amount of carbon dioxide we emit. So, if we can reduce emissions, we may avoid some of the worst effects.

" The scientific evidence is unequivocal: climate change is a threat to human wellbeing and the health of the planet. Any further delay in concerted global action will miss the brief, rapidly closing window to secure a liveable future." ²

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Future Effects in the U.S.

U.S. Regional Effects

U.S. Regional Effects

Climate change is bringing different types of challenges to each region of the country. Some of the current and future impacts are summarized below. These findings are from the Third and Fourth National Climate Assessment Reports, released by the U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Is it too late to prevent climate change?

Humans have caused major climate changes to happen already, and we have set in motion more changes still. However, if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases today, the rise in global temperatures would begin to flatten within a few years. Temperatures would then plateau but remain well-elevated for many, many centuries.

detailed answer

Northeast. Heat waves, heavy downpours, and sea level rise pose increasing challenges to many aspects of life in the Northeast. Infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, and ecosystems will be increasingly compromised. Farmers can explore new crop options, but these adaptations are not cost- or risk-free. Moreover, adaptive capacity, which varies throughout the region, could be overwhelmed by a changing climate. Many states and cities are beginning to incorporate climate change into their planning.

Northwest. Changes in the timing of peak flows in rivers and streams are reducing water supplies and worsening competing demands for water. Sea level rise, erosion, flooding, risks to infrastructure, and increasing ocean acidity pose major threats. Increasing wildfire incidence and severity, heat waves, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases are causing widespread forest die-off.

Southeast. Sea level rise poses widespread and continuing threats to the region's economy and environment. Extreme heat will affect health, energy, agriculture, and more. Decreased water availability will have economic and environmental impacts.

Midwest. Extreme heat, heavy downpours, and flooding will affect infrastructure, health, agriculture, forestry, transportation, air and water quality, and more. Climate change will also worsen a range of risks to the Great Lakes.

Southwest. Climate change has caused increased heat, drought, and insect outbreaks. In turn, these changes have made wildfires more numerous and severe. The warming climate has also caused a decline in water supplies, reduced agricultural yields, and triggered heat-related health impacts in cities. In coastal areas, flooding and erosion are additional concerns.

References
References
Header image shows cracked mud stretches across sections of the Panamint Valley. Credit: NPS/Kurt Moses; A degree of concern thermometer image credit: Pixabay/geralt

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intergovernmental panel on climate change

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Vital Signs of the Planet: Global Climate Change and Global Warming. Long-term effects of global climate change in the United States.

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What is climate change and how will it affect the UK?

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What is climate change and how will it affect the UK?

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Zambia: On the Cusp of a Promising Future

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Here is some guidance on the types of questions you will encounter in the exams

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OCR revision channel

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1. Watch the video
2. Print out some scattergraphs (or draw your own) from
3. Draw your own trend lines

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How to Draw a Trend Line - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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After reading this how-to lesson, you’ll learn how to take a somewhat random plot of points and turn it into a straight line that roughly follows...

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Managing flood risk on the River Thames- The Thames Barrier

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Managing flood risk on the River Thames- The Thames Barrier

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Read about the flood barrier
1. What type of water does it stop from entering London?
2. How often is the barrier used?
3. Explain how this benefits London.
4. Are there any potential problems?

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How the Thames Barrier works, and when it is scheduled to close.

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Read and draw picture of a:
1. Strong positive correlation
2. Weak positive correlation
3. Strong negative correlation
4. Weak negative correlation
5. No correlation

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Scatter graphs - Representing data - Edexcel - GCSE Maths Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

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Learn about and revise how to display data on various charts and diagrams with this BBC Bitesize GCSE Maths Edexcel study guide.

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Look at each of the photos and describe the impact that you see.

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Photograph: SL Shanth Kumar/2019 Ciwem environmental photographer of the year

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Environmental photographer of the year 2019 winners – in pictures

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SL Shanth Kumar has won Ciwem environmental photographer of the year 2019 for his image of homes battered by flooding in Mumbai, India

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Make sure you can clearly state:
1. Trend (where are most?)
2. Evidence (specific countries)
3. Anomally (an area which is different to the trend)

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Here is a map showing the distribution of Volkswagen car factories:

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1. Watch the video and take notes
2. Select a climate graph below
3. Work out the total annual rainfall
4. Work out the rainfall range
5. Work out the temperature range

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Climate graphs - How to draw and interpret

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Global Hazards: The UK drought 2010-2012 Case Study of a UK weather hazard

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Make sure you can work out percentage increases and percentage decreases. This website explains it and gives you multiple choice quizzes to practice your knowledge!

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Percentage change - Percentages - Edexcel - GCSE Maths Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

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Learn about and revise how to calculate percentages to solve real life problems, such as compound interest, with this BBC Bitesize GCSE Edexcel guide.

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Designing urban landscapes to be resilient to climate change is an ever-increasing challenge in our crowded cities.

In the UK in particular, 19th century industrialisation along waterfronts created clear, defined borders between water and land, draining marshes and removing space for watercourses to expand. The majority of riverside developments have continued this approach; channelling water into tighter spaces to allow more plots for building.

The design team at Barking Riverside (see below) acknowledged the fact that for a sustainable design concept, a sizeable amount of land needs to be given back to water.

In order to avoid further flooding from heavy rain events, all areas of the new development discharge their surface water run-off into the parkland (instead of directly into the Thames). This area can store 100% of the surface water before it is allowed to discharge into the creeks during low tide.

There are inherent risks in creating areas of temporary, weather-responsive water storage in housing developments and parkland for both people and ecological habitats. So how can we design for accessibility without compromising human safety whilst avoiding exclusion barriers, or intrusive safety signage?

In 2009, Barking Riverside's sub- framework plan for Stage 1, Stage 2 and the park landscape received planning permission from the Borough of Barking and Dagenham. Gustafson Porter trusts that the framework is strong enough to be maintained throughout all the issues which will arise during implementation. It must now prove robust enough to maintain focus on both the human needs and ecological requirements of this important site.

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Designing urban landscapes to be resilient to climate change is an ever-increasing challenge in our crowded cities. In the UK in particular, 19th century industrialisation along waterfronts created clear, defined borders between water and land, draining marshes and removing space for watercourses to expand.

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The Jubilee River was built by the Environment Agency and opened in 2002. It is part of the Maidenhead Windsor and Eton Flood Alleviation Scheme (MWEFAS) and is a man made, 11.6 kilometre stretch of naturalistic river and habitats. The scheme reduces the risk of flooding to approximately 3,000 properties in Maidenhead, Windsor, Eton and Cookham.

The Jubilee River diverts river water from the River Thames upstream of Maidenhead, running parallel and to the north of the river, and rejoins the Thames downstream of Windsor.

Under normal conditions, the Jubilee River provides a local recreational and wildlife amenity. In flood conditions, water is diverted from the Thames and into the Jubilee River. This reduces flood levels in the River Thames running through Maidenhead, Windsor, Eton and Cookham.

Along the length of the Jubilee River are several weirs that keep water at levels similar to those experienced in the River Thames. The scheme also incorporates flood embankments to the north of Maidenhead and the west and north of Cookham.

The Jubilee River reduces flood risk to properties by increasing the total flood capacity of the channels flowing through the area. While it does not protect communities downstream of the scheme, it operates so that flood levels downstream are not adversely affected.

A short video has been produced that explains how the Jubilee River works. View it on the Environment Agency River Thames Waterways Team Facebook page.

More information

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Skip to main content We use some essential cookies to make this website work. We'd like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services.

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UK in the 21st century - GCSE Geography Revision - OCR - BBC Bitesize

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GCSE Geography UK in the 21st century learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers.

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Fieldwork in geography is all about following an enquiry .

Types of enquiry

An enquiry is a question that you set out to prove or disprove. A hypothesis is very similar, though it is a statement rather than a question. Both can be either physical or human in nature.

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2. 2

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7. Page 1of 6

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Formulating an enquiry - Introduction to conducting fieldwork - OCR - GCSE Geography Revision - OCR - BBC Bitesize

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1 2 3 4 5 6 Page 1of 6 Fieldwork in geography is all about following an enquiry . An enquiry is a question that you set out to prove or disprove. A hypothesis is very similar, though it is a statement rather than a question.

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China invests millions in Zambia's farming sector

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China has invested in several African nations including Zambia. It has a stake in the country's agriculture production. Al Jazeera's Tania Page reports from the Zambian capital, Lusaka.

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Look at one of these maps.

Describe the pattern/ distribution by using TEA

1. Trend

2. Evidence

3. Anomaly

4. Extension- Can you write how this pattern shows a geographical process?

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Worldmapper | rediscover the world as you’ve never seen it before

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Mapping our place in the world: The atlas for the 21st century. Worldmapper is a collection of world maps where countries are resized according to a broad range of global issues. Our cartograms are unique visualisations that show the world as you’ve never seen it before. Explore them all!

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How many facts can you remember about the floods?

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Government departments, local authorities and agencies are working together to do everything they can to help communities recover from the extreme weather during winter 2013 to 2014.

Flood recovery schemes for communities and businesses

The winter of 2013 to 2014 was the wettest on record with over 7,800 homes and nearly 3,000 commercial properties flooded. To date about £14 million has already been paid out to help communities recover and to meet the costs of protecting lives and properties in the future, with a further £183.5 million due to be paid to local authorities by the end of March.

Repair and renew grant

A repair and renew grant of up to £5,000 each for all affected homeowners and businesses to top up any money received from insurers and make sure flood resilience is built into repairs was launched on 1 April. Read more details on how to apply for the repair and renew grant.

Other schemes include:

the business support scheme - a £10 million fund to support businesses to develop and implement business recovery plans

business rate relief - an estimated £9 million to give all affected businesses 100% business rate relief for 3 months and to give them an extra 3 months to pay the business taxes they owe to HMRC as they get back on their feet

a support fund for coastal tourism businesses - £2 million to provide practical assistance to coastal areas to help them boost summer trade

the Council Tax discount scheme - funding of up to £6 million to enable councils to cover Council Tax discounts for flood hit households for at least 3 months

the enhanced Bellwin scheme - to give help to local authorities incurring expenditure above the usual qualifying threshold

the farming flood recovery fund - £10 million which will provide grants of up to £5,000 to support farm businesses to bring flooded land back into production as quickly as possible

the severe weather recovery scheme - an £86.5 million fund to help speed the recovery in affected areas, including fixing the most damaged roads

See all the flood support schemes and funding available from central government and get details on how to apply.

Flood insurance

Insurers have arranged temporary alternative accommodation for over 2,100 households and loss adjusters have made over 6,500 visits to flooded properties to assess the damage, organise emergency payments and get drying out repairs started as quickly as possible.

The Association of British Insurers has published a film on how to protect your home if you live in a flood prone area, or make a claim if you're recovering from a flood. You can find more information on the Association's website
Flood insurance: protecting your home and making a claim
The major banks have made a total commitment in excess of £750 million to provide financial support to business and individual customers affected by the floods.

Government action on flood defences

Since early December 2013, flood defences have protected more than 1.3 million properties from flooding. These flood defences are currently being inspected by the Environment Agency with help from the military. A total funding package of £270 million has been made available to repair or maintain flood defences, including £10 million for Somerset.

Action to repair damaged flood defences

Ongoing risk of groundwater flooding and most likely flooding scenario

The Environment Agency expects the situation to continue to improve a risk of groundwater flooding remains, particularly in the south of England and the Thames Valley. All agencies are working closely together to protect property and critical infrastructure.

Transport

£183.5 million has been given to local authorities for local highway repair and emergency maintenance. The government has also allocated £2 million to help repair small English ports.

All rail routes damaged in the storms have been repaired and reopened except Barmouth to Pwllheli in Wales which is expected to reopen on 19 May.

Health

Public Health England continues to support the response and recovery operation and has published guidance on recovering from the floods.

Advice and information

Environment Agency

For advice on the risk of flooding in your area and how to prepare, visit the Environment Agency's website or follow them on Twitter: @EnvAgency.

Met Office

For the latest weather warnings visit the Met Office website or follow them on Twitter: @MetOffice.

Highways Agency

For advice on travel by road visit the Highways Agency website or follow them on Twitter: @Highways_Agency.

National Rail

Check with National Rail Enquiries for the latest updates on service disruptions.

Who to call if you have a power cut

Your chosen electricity provider sells you energy, but it's your local distribution network operator who maintains the power lines that connect your home or business to the network.

Take a look now and make a note of the number of the company that covers your area in case you need to use it at some stage. Further information: Who to call when you have a power cut.

Flood representatives

Ministerial representatives for flood hit areas have been appointed to:

understand the impact of the floods in affected areas

track progress towards recovery and report directly to the Prime Minister

assess the effectiveness of multi-agency joint working in each affected area (for both response and recovery)

identify lessons learned and ensure work is underway to improve resilience for winter 2014 to 2015

The ministerial representatives are:

Somerset and Wiltshire - Owen Paterson MP

Cornwall - Dan Rogerson MP

Devon and Dorset - Oliver Letwin MP

Thames Valley (inc Surrey Gold) - Philip Hammond MP

Gloucestershire and Worcestershire - Susan Kramer MP

South London (excluding lower Thames) - Ed Davey MP

Kent, inland Sussex, and Thames estuary - Greg Clark MP

East Anglia and Suffolk Coast - Matthew Hancock MP

North East - Robert Goodwill MP

South East Coast (inc Sussex Coast, Isle of Wight) and Hampshire - Greg Barker MP

North West - Esther McVey MP

Government announcements

Monday 28 April

Thursday 24 April

Friday 14 April

Friday 4 April

Tuesday 1 April

Friday 31 March

Friday 14 March

Sunday 9 March

Thursday 6 March

Saturday 1 March

Thursday 27 February

Tuesday 25 February

Monday 24 February

Thursday 20 February

Wednesday 19 February

Tuesday 18 February

Monday 17 February

Sunday 16 February

Saturday 15 February

Thursday 13 February

Wednesday 12 February

Tuesday 11 February

Monday 10 February

Sunday 9 February

Saturday 8 February

Friday 7 February

Thursday 6 February

Wednesday 5 February

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[Withdrawn] UK floods 2014: government response and recovery

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Government departments, local authorities and agencies are working together to do everything they can to help communities recover from the extreme weather during winter 2013 to 2014. The winter of 2013 to 2014 was the wettest on record with over 7,800 homes and nearly 3,000 commercial properties flooded.

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Make sure you can remember 10-20 place specific facts- locations/ costs/ damage/ responses.

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Natural Causes of Climate Change | AQA GCSE Geography | Climate Change 3

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Why is Harwell accessible?

Why do people want to work there?

What types of role are available there?

Can you research 2 different companies and the work that they do?

How important is Harwell to Oxfordshire?

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Harwell Campus, the UK's leading science and innovation campus, the home for global organisation and the brightest minds in science.

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Urban Fieldwork GCSE Geography Revision: Video 1 - Urban Geography Fieldwork in East London

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Where is Silicone Roundabout?

Who works at Silicone Roundabout?

How are these companies creating economic growth?

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Silicon Roundabout - Hype or Reality? - Financial Times Report

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Watch the videos about different types of waves, erosion, transportation and formation of features.

Recreate a diagram of the processes or

write a step by step list of the processes you see..

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GCSE * IGCSE * A-level * IA-level * IB * National 5 * Highers * Leaving Cert * Undergraduate

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GCSE * IGCSE * A-level * IA-level * IB * National 5 * Highers * Leaving Cert * Undergraduate

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GCSE Geography unit 3: Malthus and Boserup