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https://prezi.com/view/buJI99xD0lMZwIubp0tK/

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https://prezi.com/view/buJI99xD0lMZwIubp0tK/

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Separate But Equal"

* Thurgood Marshall — who was appointed the first African American Supreme Court Justice was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall studied law at Howard University. As counsel to the NAACP, he utilized the judiciary to champion equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case, in which the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools.

* Throughout his career, Thurgood Marshall fought the "separate but equal" rule. This rule was created in 1869 by the Supreme Court. It said that states could offer separate services to African Americans and whites as long as the services were close to equal, but actually they were not

"Brown V .Board of Education"
* Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
* Linda Brown, who was born in 1943, became a part of civil rights history as a third grader in the public schools of Topeka, KS. When Linda was denied admission into a white elementary school, Linda's father, Oliver Brown, challenged Kansas's school segregation laws in the Supreme Court.
*

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Changing the system
*Martin  Luther King Jr was a really kind and powerful man. Who did formidable things while fighting for the Black Americans rights .
*One day in Montgomery ,Alabama 1955 a regular women whose name was Rosa Parks she lived in a Southern citie in which Segregation was allowed . Rosa got arrested for for not giving her seat to a white man .
*King heard  about these and he allied him self to Rosa and together they started the Montgomery bus boycott . through that process King became famous  he started giving speeches in assemblies to  encourage people to fight with him. One of his most famous speeches was the " I have a dream speech ''
witch inspired many black Americans .
*In 1964 President Johnson banded segregation of color , sex and religion .

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The Brown case became famous and Thurgood Marshall decide to use to stop segreted schools everywhere.Marshall brought the case to the Supreme Court.Marshall argued the case before the Supreme Court.On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that school segretion went against the Constitution. Now many school districts redraw their borders and white and blacks student would go to school together

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The Struggle Continues
Martin Luther King Jr is a hero for African Americans because he fought for the rights of people. king was born in 1929 in Atlanta Georgia, to a middle class family. He was the son and grandson of Baptist ministers his mother was a teacher king was excellent in school he began college at the age of fifteen. when king was eighteen he had decided to be a minister like his father. king meet Coretta Scott when he was finishing University, in 1953 king and Coretta married. on December 1955 an event took place that will make Martin Luther King Jr, a leader of the Civil Right Movement.

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"The Movement Begins"

*Thurgood Marshall an African American who fought for equal rights was associated with the NAACP this group's goal was to end racial hatred and discrimination.
*Thurgood was NAACP's best lawyer,"Marshall argued thirty-two cases before the U.S. Supreme court during his career, and he won twenty-nine of them."
* This mission ending racial hatred has been going on for decades and has affected many African American's lives.
*This fight has not only spread in the U.S. but in every single country.
* Thurgood Marshall has not worked so hard to eliminate racial hatred but to also give everyone the same rights.

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"Separate But Equal"

- Linda Brown was an African American girl who fought against segregation during the 1950s in Topeka, Kansas.

- The eight-year old girl and her sister had to walk four miles daily through a dangerous railroad in order to get to the blacks-only school. Additionally, they had to ride a bus when a whites-only school was only four blocks away.

-The family disagreed with these laws and wanted to make a change so that their daughters and any other African American kid could attend to school normally. For that they decided to take the local school district to court.

-By July, the local school board affirmed that they would end these laws "as soon as possible" but that was still not enough for the Browns.

"Brown V. Board of Education"

- The case became famous and with Marshall's help, the family was able to take the case to the Supreme Court with the argument that the fourteenth amendment covered everyone despite their race, and black people were being treated poorly.

-On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court dictated that school segregation went against the U.S. Constitution.

-After the Court's decision, white and black students were now going to school together. This was a significant step in the fight for the civil rights .

- Now, Linda and her sister Cheryl own an educational consulting firm. They talk about their case an experiences all over the country and have even made tv appearances.

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The Struggle Continues

*King Jr., born in 1929 Atlanta, Georgia was a pastor following his father's footsteps and the future leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
*December 1955, an event happened that would make King Jr. leader of the Civil Rights Movement.

Changing the System

*On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for breaking the Montgomery Law.
*This event made a gap that Civil rights supporters saw and they took advantage to change the rules by starting a bus boycott

Achieving a dream

*In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president of the U.S. wining 70% of the Africans Americans votes by showing his support to end segregation.
*Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned segregation and it also banned unfair treatment

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*A Divided Society
In the 1950s it was the best year for most Americans but not much for Africans Americans ,they have been treated badly since 1896-1954 when Jim crow was killed .
*Jim Crow was a white man from the north ,pejorative expression referring to minstrel song called ''in the 1950s it was the best year for most Americans but not much for Africans Americans ,they have been treated badly since 1896-1954 when Jim crow was killed .
*Jim Crow was a white man from the north ,pejorative expression referring to minstrel song called ''jump Jim Crow ''
*Jim Crow was a white man that made the laws  to separate colored people from whites people ,those laws were that ''Black and whites must use different
Jim Crow ''
*Jim Crow was a pejorative expression referring to aminstrel song called jump jim crow ,white man that made the laws  to separate colored people from whites people ,those laws were that ''Black and whites must use different schools, restaurant,hotels,theaters,parks, and section of buses´´
*In U.S history any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of   reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of civil rigths movements.
*Jim Crow seperate black and white people from even the slightest bit of contact. White people thought that black people didn't deserve any respect, they thought of african americans as slaves,workers,etc.

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Changing The System
*Rosa Parks was an African American who refused to give her bus seat to a white man.
*She was a seamstress, and also worked at the local NAACP office.
*She was going home on December  1, 1955. She was so tired to walk so she took the bus of the Montgomery Bus Company. A white man needed a seat, the driver tell to Rosa and other two African American to stand up and give their seats to the white man. She was the only who refused, so the bus driver called the police and she was arrested an put in a jail cell.
*The News of Rosa Parks made the African Americans fight for equal rights and a chance to change the rules, so they asked to Martin Luther King Jr. to be their leader.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
*For the next year, African Americans continued doing the boycott.
*The African Americans during the boycott, just used car pools to get to work.
*This made the bus company lose money, because most of the people that were in the buses were the African Americans.
*The Supreme Court forced the Montgomery Bus Company to accept the integration of the African Americans.
*The boycott worked, and the integration for black people in the buses were accepted.
The Protests
*Four African Americans sat down at the white-only lunch, they ordered coffee and donuts and the students were refused service.
*The blacks were free to shop but they were not allowed to eat there, so the students made up protests, the students sat at the counter of the rest of the afternoon.
*Next day of February 1960, more African Americans went with them to the withes-only lunch, and more each day. This was called "sit-in"
**But white business leaders refused to sell to African Americans.
*African Americans did a boycott of the local stores.
*On July 25, 1960, the 1st black person was served lunch at Woolworth's.
*African Americans used the boycotts to have more equality in the United States of America. Achieving the Dream
*In 1960, Kennedy won the presidential elections.
*With the 70 percent of the black vote.
*He appointed Thurgood Marshall
*He asked in a speech "Are we to say to the world that this is the land of the free except for the Negroes?"
*A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin organized a march on Washington D.C.
*On August 28, more than 250,000 people came to the march.
*There was the place in which Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous speech "I have a Dream"

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Separate But Equal"

* Thurgood Marshall — who was appointed the first African American Supreme Court Justice was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall studied law at Howard University. As counsel to the NAACP, he utilized the judiciary to champion equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case, in which the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools.

* Throughout his career, Thurgood Marshall fought the "separate but equal" rule. This rule was created in 1869 by the Supreme Court. It said that states could offer separate services to African Americans and whites as long as the services were close to equal, but actually they were not

"Brown V .Board of Education".

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Changing the system
*Martin  Luther King Jr was a really kind and powerful man. Who did formidable things while fighting for the Black Americans rights .
*One day in Montgomery ,Alabama 1955 a regular women whose name was Rosa Parks she lived in a Southern citie in which Segregation was allowed . Rosa got arrested for for not giving her seat to a white man .
*King heard  about these and he allied him self to Rosa and together they started the Montgomery bus boycott . through that process King became famous  he started giving speeches in assemblies to  encourage people to fight with him. One of his most famous speeches was the " I have a dream speech ''
witch inspired many black Americans .
*In 1964 President john banded segregation of color and sex .

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Separate but Equal ''
Thurgood Marshall fought'' separate but equal'' rule.This rule was created in 1896  by the Supreme Court. Many states passed laws saying that the local school districts could decide whether to have different school for blacks and whites.

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in the 1950s it was the best year for most Americans but not much for Africans Americans ,they have been treated badly since 1896-1954 when Jim crow was killed .
*Jim Crow was a white man from the north ,pejorative expression referring to minstrel song called ''jump Jim Crow ''
*Jim Crow was a white man that made the laws  to separate colored people from whites people ,those laws were that ''Black and whites must use different

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The Struggle Continues

*King Jr., born in 1929 Atlanta, Georgia was a pastor following his father's footsteps and the future leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
*December 1955, an event happened that would make King Jr. leader of the Civil Rights Movement.

Changing the System

*On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for breaking the Montgomery Law.
*This event made a gap that Civil rights supporters saw and they took advantage to change the rules by starting a bus boycott

Achieving a dream

In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president of the U.S.

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The little rock nine.
*The Little Rock nine was a group of nine African Americans students who studied at Central High School in 1957.

* Orval Faubus was the Governor of Arkansas, who refused African Americans and White people to study at same schools.

*The Little Rock Nine crisis started in Arkansas on September, when Orval Faubus ordered the National Guard to prevent the enter of nine African Americans to schools where white students were studying.
*Elizabeth Eckford was one of the Little Rock Nine, she arrived at school and a white mob began to scream at her.
*The crisis continued for three weeks, President Dwight Eisenhower placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control.
*The nine African Americans arrived at the school in U.S. army car. The soldiers were protecting the students and they finally were integrated into school.
*Eisenhower shown that the government would protects the civil rights.

The Struggle Continues

*Martin Luther King was an African American activist who became the civil rights leader.
*This civil rights movement started 1954 through 1968.
* He was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia.
*He went to Morehouse College, where he studied as a gifted student.
*Finishing his studies, to be a minister he meet his wife Coretta Scott.
*They were married in 1953, and he became pastor of a church in Montgomery.
*In December 1955, an event happened that would make him a leader of civil rights.

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After “Brown vs Board of Education “ a lot of schools desegregated ,but a lot of school districts found a way to avoid these laws.
Little Rock Nine were a group of 9 African Americans who were victims of the situation.
Orval Faubus refused desegregation hoping he would win  a tough re-election fight .
When school opened Governor Faubus send troops to Central High School to stop nine african americans from entering their school . This crisis continued until the president stepped in by placing the Arkansas National Guard under federal control .The Nine African Americans arrived at school in a U.S army car with soldiers protecting them .
Later The President Einsenhower wrote a letter to the parents of Little Rock Nine saying :
"In the course of our country s progress toward equality of opportunity ,you have shown dignity and courage."

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"Separate But Equal"
- Linda Brown was an African American girl who fought against segregation during the 1950s in Topeka, Kansas.

- The eight-year old girl and her sister had to walk through a dangerous railroad in order to get to the blacks-only school. Additionally, they had to ride a bus when a whites-only school was only blocks away.

-Of course the family disagreed with these laws and wanted to make a change so that their daughters could attend to school like any other child. For that they decided to take the local school district to court. By July, the local school board affirmed that they would end these laws "as soon as possible" but that was still not enough for the Browns.

-With Thurgood Marshall's help, the family was able to take the case to the Supreme Court.

-On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled against school segregation

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The little rock nine.
*The Little Rock nine was a group of nine African Americans students who studied at Central High School in 1957.

* Orval Faubus was the Governor of Arkansas, who refused African Americans and White people to study at same schools.

*The Little Rock Nine crisis started in Arkansas on September, when Orval Faubus ordered the National Guard to prevent the enter of nine African Americans to schools where white students were studying.
*Elizabeth Eckford was one of the Little Rock Nine, she arrived at school and a white mob began to scream at her.
*The crisis continued for three weeks, President Dwight Eisenhower placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control.
*The nine African Americans arrived at the school in U.S. army car.Te soldiers were protecting the students and they finally were integrated into school.
*Eisenhower shown that the government would protects the civil rights.

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*American in 1950* many Americans ad a good year, but AA did not. the worst result in 1950 was to the AA was segregation. the laws that Jim craw said that the blacks and the whites must go to different schools, restaurants etc,ect,ect in the banks the blacks needed to wait until the whites were served . many AA had moved to the norther cities on the 1940s, the AA determinate to change things so they had started the the civil rights movement

*The movement begins* a group that fought for equality was the NAACP. the NAACP was founded in 1909 the goal was to eliminate the racial. the leader for the NAACP was Thurgood Marshall, he had attended 32 cases and won were 29. Marshall was born in Maryland in 1908. he was a smart person and hard worker, he attended in the University of Washington,DC. he graduated in 1933. most of the clients that he had student in the cases were poor, but Marshall worked hard for them anyway. he became know as the "little man's lawyer"

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''Separate but Equal ''
Thurgood Marshall fought'' separate but equal'' rule.This rule was created in 1896  by the Supreme Court. Many states passed laws saying that the local school districts could decide whether to have different school for blacks and whites

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The little rock nine.
*The Little Rock nine was a group of nine African Americans students who studied at Central High School in 1957.

* Orval Faubus was the Governor of Arkansas, who refused African Americans and White people to study at same schools.

*The Little Rock Nine crisis started in Arkansas on September, when Orval Faubus ordered the National Guard to prevent the enter of nine African Americans to schools where white students were studying.
*Elizabeth Eckford was one of the Little Rock Nine, she arrived at school and a white mob began to scream at her.
*The crisis continued for three weeks, President Dwight Eisenhower placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control.
*The nine African Americans arrived at the school in U.S. army car.Te soldiers were protecting the students and they finally were integrated into school.
*Eisenhower shown that the government would protects the civil rights.

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America in the 1950
*in the 1950s it was the best year for most Americans but not much for Africans Americans ,they have been treated badly since 1896-1954 when Jim crow was killed .
*Jim Crow was a white man from the north ,the stage name Thomas

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Thurgood Marshall:
Thurgood Marshall was associated  with the "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People" or NAACP. The NAACP goal was that the African Americans had the equal rights, and stopped the discrimination.

Separate but Equal:
Thurgood Marshall fought for the "Separate but Equal" rule. That rule was created in 1896 by the Supreme Court. The "Separate but Equal" purpose was that the African Americans and white people had the same rights but they were separate. The most popular story about segregated schools is about Linda Brown.

Brown V. Board of Education:
Linda Brown and her story became famous because she decided to try to end the Segregate School. Linda Brown and Thurgood Marshall goal was to end segregate school, and they fought against the laws to end segregation. After many years that Thurgood and Linda were fought for the "Separate but Equal" rule, they did their goal... They make the "Separate but Equal" a new rule

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The Little Rock Nine
African Americans and white students attended school together, but many school districts specially in the south found ways to refuse and delay the supreme court ruling.Governor Faubus sent national Guard troops to central high school to stop nine African American students from entering the newly integrated school. Elizabeth Eckford was one of the "Little Rock Nine" she arrived at school alone when a group of white people began to scream at her, than one day the Nine students arrived in a U.S Army car with soldiers protecting them. The students finally were integrated into the school.

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*America in 1950* African-American people have been trying to do their best to be 1st class citizens some Americans were happy during the 1950s, but it was not the case for AA. Souther laws were complicated and even more for AA, Many white people moved out of Northern cities when AA moved in. People as Martin Luther King or  Thurgood Marshall had been trying a lot of times to end up racism and so AA could be treated as first class citizens. For Example: MLK had been in jail because he had try alot of times to end Segregation and Descrimination . MLK gave “I Have a dream speech” so people understand that American People are not the only people that can do whatever they want, also that African-American gotta be Normal Citizens as others, but to clear it he wanted USA to be for everybody and Thurgood Marshall was instrumental in ending legal segregation and became the first African-American justice of the Supreme Court.

Conclusion-There had been no respect to AA or black citizens at all in this three hundred of years that had passed.
people had never like segregation because they dont like to be excluded and be treated unfairly. not even some americans like it.
Something we all know is that African-American were not treated fairly... 😞