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Many forts, including Fort Sumter, became foreign outposts and Abraham Lincoln sent out supplies to the beleaguered garrisons. On April 12, 1861, Confederate warships went to Fort Sumter and opened a 34 hour bombardment on the stronghold. The Garrison surrendered on the 14th. The Civil War was starting and so Lincoln called 75,000 people to join the Northern Army. Because Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee could not contribute, they dissolved their ties to the federal government.

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Abraham Lincoln was elected President and was a Republican who was anti-slavery, which scared the Southerners. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union and 6 other states followed.

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During Bleeding Kansas, John Brown was known as a killer as an anti-slavery "Jayhawker". In october of 1859, the abolitionist brought free blacks and white allies to a government event in Harpers Ferry, Virginia and raided it. John hoped to get weapons and give them to slaves in the South to start fights there. He was caught and quickly executed. This caused the Southerns to prepare for future raids.

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Dred Scott was a slave in Virginia who attempted to sue for his freedom in court. This was brought to the Supreme Court, and the conclusion was that they found him as a piece of property with no human or legal rights. The court also claimed that Congress has no power to ban slavery in US territories.

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Bleeding Kansas was the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act which overlooked the Missouri Compromise and let settlers in two territories to decide on whether or not to permit slavery by popular vote. This debate went on for 5 years with a violent fight that killed 56 people. The end result was that both territories ratified anti-slavery constitutions.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin was the second best selling book in America during the 19th century. It was a fictional book based on slavery. It opened the Northers eyes to the horrors of slavery where as the Southerns saw the book as slanderous. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote this book and opened the division between the North and South even more.

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After the debate about Wilmot Proviso's proposition, two senators, Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas, managed to start the compromise that there should not be any more slavery territory expansion. This created the Fugitive Slave Act, which said that if slaves escaped to the North, that the Northerners would have to bring the slaves back South. This also led to the increased separation of the North and South.

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At the end of the Mexican War, a piece of legislation was proposed by David Wilmot called the Wilmot Proviso. If passed, the legislation would have outlawed slavery in the Southwest to California. He proposed this idea to many such as Congress, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and existing bills. All declined this proposal but he still strongly believed in it. This lead to the first serious idea of the withdrawal of 11 states due to slavery.

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Nat Turner, in August 1831, and about 70 other blacks killed around 60 white folks in Southern Virginia. 55 slaves, including Nat, were killed due to their actions. Although there were many violent actions caused by slaves throughout history, Nat Turner lead the bloodiest. This caused white people to limit slaves the right to assemble and education was not allowed under any circumstances.

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Missouri applied to be a slave state as a part of the nation, which would lead to an unbalanced number of slave states and non-slave states. Before Missouri's request, there were 11 slave states and 11 non slave states. However, then there were 12 slave and 11 non slave states. The Missouri Legislatures were for the slave state, thus, giving them the majority vote. The Missouri Compromise was created, which caused Maine to be a free state and the South to be slave states and North non slave states.