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Physical Characteristics:
Calcified skeleton
solid cranium
hinged jaw
animalia
multi-cellular
heterotrophic
reproduce sexually
no cell wells, eukaryotic
Behavioral Characteristics:
used hinged jaw to eat
some use suction to eat while others attack their prey
Fish eggs born into male or female
some may change genders throughout their lives

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Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Ray-Finned Fishes
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Scorpaenidae
Genus: Scorpaenidae
Species: Scorpaenidae

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Angle fish: different color markings on the fish which can help the fish to blend in depending on the colors of its surrounding habitat.

Flying fish- can glide up to 200 meters above water. Some may be able to glide further above water than others depending on the common predators in the area.

Dolphin fish- 86-100 sharp coned shaped teeth. Some dolphins may have more teeth in order to catch more slippery prey in its area, others may have less, more durable teeth in order to chew its prey.

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Kingdom : animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Ray-Finned Fishes
Order : Beloniformes
Family : Actinopterygii
Genus : Exocoetidae
Species : Exocoetidae

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Kingdom: amimalia

Phylum: Chordata
Class: Ray-Finned Fishes
Order: Beloniformes
Family: Needlefish
Genus: Belone
Species: Belone

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Fossil name: Paramblypterus Permian Fish Fossil
Middle Devonian:  380 million years ago

This is the oldest fossil on the record which shows very little development of any protective features which may have developed later in time to give the fish species better survival rates.

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Fossil name: Priscacara
50mya- Cenozoic

This is the most recent fossil with evidence of spikes on the fish which may have developed in species over time in order to protect them from surrounding predators.

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Fossil name: Penomenal Flying Fish
240 mya- Triassic

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Fossil name: Paramblypterus

290 mya - Precambrian

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Fossil name: Euphanerops
370 mya- Devonian

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Two whole genomes have found to be duplicated in some species of bony fish such as the Rainbow trout and the zebra fish.  This can show evolution of how this specific genome codes for traits which are best suited to survive in their environment. These genomes are likely to be seen more frequently in the species based on the current environment.

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Show how overtime fish have developed into more complex organisms which are better suited for survival in their habitats than they were before. The image below shows how to fish has evolved from having no jaw to the modern jaws that fish have today.

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This image of embryology shows divergent evolution because the organisms may have evolved from a common ancestor but now they are becoming more and more different as each species adapts differently in order to adjust to the circumstances of each species environment.

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Most bony fish migrate, however the construction of a damn or some stragglers being left behind can lead to the endangerment or extinction of fish who can not survive in colder waters. For example, the Toothcarp species of fish suffered extinction because of the destruction of their suitable habitats and the fishes limited range and inability to migrate.

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This image shoes the evolution of bony fish through the development of traits such as a bigger and longer body and also the development of fins. These traits have been acquired over time to better suit the bony fish for survival

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geographic isolation- for example a damn can prevent certain fish from breeding with other organisms since their environments have been separated

Reproductive isolation- blenny fish have been affected because they mate all year round while most fish usally mate during the spring this can make it hard for them to reproduce during the times in which other fish are not mating.

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There are a variety of different traits among the species of bony fish. There are many examples of natural selection in fish. For example,  an angle fish species which is primarily blue to blend into its surrounding environment which is blue coral is surviving well. Until most of the blue coral in that environment no longer exists. Now the blue anglefish no longer blend into their environment because the rest of the coral is red. These blue anglefish may die off with out reproducing because their trait was no longer the "fit" trait for that environment.

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The Tiktaalik roseae fossils were proved to be a direct link between fish and amphibians. They lived in shallow water and they were able to eventually travel onto land which allowed them to access other forms of food and also exposed them to new predators. This allowed for more evolution to occur which lead to the creation of the species of bony fish and amphibians.

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https://www.paleodirect.com/f142-large-detailed-paramblypterus-permian-fish-fossil-from-before-the-dinosaurs/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/20095637

http://www.mineralman.net/id11.html

https://flowergarden.noaa.gov/about/fishlist.html

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets/fish/description-and-physical-characteristics-of-fish

https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-infobooks/bony-fish/reproduction/

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-bony-fish-2291874

https://a-z-animals.com/animals/angelfish/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954040/

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Fish share a common ancestor with humans. So fish evolution is mainly considered divergent evolution because humans and fish have become more and more different throughout time. Humans have evolved to live in the environments which we live today while fish mainly live underwater and in completely different environments.