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Articles are words that define a noun as specific or non-specific. There are three types of articles which are:-

1. Definite
2. Indefinite
3. Zero

Don't Underestimate These Four Little Words
A, An, Some, The.

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1. The article THE is called the definite article because it points out a particular person, place or thing.

Example:

You must consult the doctor. (Which doctor? It could be your family doctor.)

You must consult a doctor. (Which doctor? It could be any doctor. Here the speaker does not have a particular doctor in mind.)

2. A noun is definite when the speaker and listener both know which particular person, place, or thing is being talked about.

3. THE is used in measuring expressions beginning with by.
For example :
Incorrect : Do you sell eggs by kilo or by dozen?
Correct : Do you sell eggs by the kilo or by the dozen?

4. Definite article is not usually use before people's names.
Incorrect: The Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States.
Correct:  Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States.

Example:

The food we had for lunch was terrible.

The island used to be covered by forests.

The statues were made by tribal chiefs.

Incorrect use for definite:
1. Why are you reading the my book?
2. The Paris is a big city.
3. The iron is useful metal.
4. The gold is yellow.
5. I live in the Mumbai.

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The article A, An and Some is called the indefinite article because it doesn’t state which person or thing we are talking about.

For example, a doctor means any doctor.

A child means any child.

Some students means a group of students. (Plural nouns)

2. A noun is often indefinite the first time a speaker mentions it. It is usually definite after the first mention.

I heard of an interesting mistery.

The mistery is about Easter Island.

A or AN

The choice between A and AN is determined by sound and not spelling.

A is used before words beginning with a consonant sound. Examples are: a boy, a tree, a ball, a flower, a horse, a hole, a European and a university.

AN is used before words beginning with a vowel sound. Examples are: an elephant, an egg, an orange, an umbrella, an hour, an heir etc.

Some is used for plural nouns. For example, some students, some rice, etc.

Note that some native speakers use AN before words beginning with h if the first syllable is not stressed.

Incorrect use for indefinite:
1. My mother is a honest woman.
2. She is an United States senator.
3. Please give me an ice.
4. Please give me a water.

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1. The term zero article is used when a noun is not preceded by a definite article (the) or indefinite article (a, an).

2. Zero article is used with indefinite plural count nouns, indefinite non-count nouns, names of people, names of most countries, and habitual locations.

The island used to have tall trees.

Platinum and gold are valuable minerals.

Mr. Flenly is a botanist.

Many statues have been found in Egypt.

3. Zero article are generally used with means of transport ("by plane") and common expressions of time and place ("at midnight," "in jail").

Examples:-

He travels to work by train.

Not: He travels to work by a/the train.

Gold is found in Australia.

Not: The gold is found in the Australia.

Incorrect use of zero article:
1. Let's go out for a dinner.
2. The creativity is a valuable quality in children.
3. I studied the French in high school for four years.
4. I like to play the baseball.
5. My sister was always good at the math.

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Maurer J. (2006). Focus on Grammar 5: An Integrated Skills Approach (ed. 3), New York: Pearson Education

Frodesen J. & Eyring, J. (2007). Grammar Dimensions 4 (ed. 4), Boston: Thompson & Heinle.

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https://www.englishgrammar.org/articles/

http://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/articles/article3.htm

http://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/articles/article2.htm

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We will be having practices based on the handouts given to the students and discuss the answers afterwards.

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Articles - Definite & Indefinite

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The definite article (THE) can be used before singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

We can say, the book, the books, the rice or the milk.

The indefinite article (A/AN) is used before singular countable nouns. It cannot be used before plural nouns.

We can say an apple or a tree, but not an apples or a trees.

Use zero article (no article) with non-specific plural count nouns, non-specific non-count nouns, names of people, names of most countries, and habitual locations.

The island used to have tall trees.

Platinum and gold are valuable minerals.

Mr. Flenly is a botanist.

Many statues have been found in Egypt.

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Use A before nouns (or adjectives) that start with a consonant sound.

Use AN before nouns (or adjectives) that start with a vowel sound.

Remember that you're listening here. This isn't about the letter c or d being a consonant or the letter o being a vowel; it's about the sound they make

THE is used in front of singular or plural nouns and adjectives to refer to something with which both the speaker/writer and listener/reader are familiar.

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Choose the most suitable article that we can use for the following words.
1. Cookie
2. Hour
3. Union
4. X-ray
5. European
6. University
7. Orangutan

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This game is conducted in  the classroom.
Instructions:

1. Based on 5x5 table, design your own number board 1-25.

2. Each group will have a turn to choose a number. Every number has a question which the group must have to answer correctly.

3. Each group only have 5seconds to answer after the question is revealed.

4. Failure of answering the question correctly will make the group lose it turn to choose a number on the next round.

5. The first group who have 3 lines will be the winner.

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