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SINGAPORE

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america ppt

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Barriors to Social Equality in Healthcare

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Barriors to Social Equality in Healthcare

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Politics - politicians are relectant to push policies that could fix inequality but would face disapproval of other voters

Cultural "Close the Gap" of health outcomes in different groups due to differences in culture. Incorporating the input of disadvantaged people themselves in ways to fix problems.
https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/405d9955-c170-4c39-a496-3839059149f7/ah16-5-1-health-across-socioeconomic-groups.pdf.aspx

Economic - Patients in certain groups have lower education levels and do not know how to seek services available

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1. the concept:  It is a system for financing health services so people do not suffer financial hardship when using them
2. it is important that people understand that affordability does not mean free coverage. It  provides everyone with all the health services without causing financial hardship.
3. It is difficult for a country to obtain because of the funding required to support universal healthcare. Some politics do not want to put the tax payer dollars into health care, they would rather put it elsewhere

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Well-trained, motivated health workers
1. Explain the concept
-  Improving education of healthcare workers as

2. Importance
- cost -effective way of improving access to essential health care services
-shortages of health workers is an obstacle to progress on UHC

3. Diffifuclties obtaining
- affordability, good governance, well functioning health information systems, high level of education

References: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/world_health_day/2018/uhc-brochure.pdf?ua=1

https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/health-workforce/report/healthworkforce.pdf

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- availability of resources was either limited or average
- equity
- access to physicians, location, opening health and waiting times
-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3082387/

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/e-health-telehealth

Australia is ranked 7th in equity
due to location access is hard
remote

https://about.healthdirect.gov.au/equity-of-access-for-all-australians

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Explain the concept:
Actions taken to address social determinants of health (e.g. education, living conditions, household) which affect people's health and their ability to access health care services
(http://www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/financing/uhc_qa/en/)

Importance:
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Strong, Efficient, Well-Run System

informing and encouraging people to stay healthy and prevent illness

Educates people on the dangers of unmaintained health (worst possible outcome is death - and nobody likes to die)

Some people are too stubborn to listen (e.g. anti-vaccine people)

detecting health conditions early

Early intervention leads to quick solutions and does not make the condition any worse or any prolonged

Some diseases are very hard to identify in early stages

having the capacity to treat disease

To eradicate the disease as efficiently as possible to make the individual healthy again

Limited availability of equipment, medicine, etc.

helping patients with rehabilitation

Provide support for patients to help them effectively improve from their condition

Not enough staff to help all patients

ensuring sensitive & palliative care where needed

Show empathy and helps build rapport among client and clinician

Some staff forget/forgot to express empathy (due to their own personal factors)

(Ref) http://www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/financing/uhc_qa/en/

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Possible consequences of interprofessional practice failure

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Possible consequences of interprofessional practice failure

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-Miscommunication between professionals and patient
-extra cost, having to go between different professionals several times
-bad rapport b/w professionals & with patients
-increased stress for health clinician (uncomfortable doing work outside of profession)

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a)
- slightly wordy and may not engage the reader to read the whole pamphlet
- For the most part, acceptable language for all audiences
- Good layout and pictures
- Very informative, covers all aspects of smoking from benefits of quitting to mental health inpatient wards

b)
- more graphic pictures - to induce scare factor
- reduce wording if possible
- overall quite effective and not much to change

Scenario
- social - culture of maori origin and living in an inner suburb of Auchenflower
- Behavioural - communicates using Auslan (sign language)
- Biomedical - deaf and previous brain injury that lead to memory problems
- information succinct for easier memory
- have someone use auslan to ensure the understanding of the brochure

Additional Information
- enlist help of his brother to encourage him to quit smoking
- use more health related reasoning behind quitting as they health background
- give more key information about smoking / quitting
- send to respiratory therapist
- use interpreter for effective communication
- counsellor to help deal with the cravings and stresses of quitting

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A: The brochure has been set out to communicate all relevant information, including: the characteristics of the wound so individuals can identify their injury, treatment, home care options, how to seek further help, tetanus information and helpline phone numbers
B: The brochure could be improved by adding pictures, so that the individual could quickly identify their injury without having to read the text. This is particularly important if the individual is in a rush. Additionally, the helpline phone numbers could be positioned at the top of the brochure for easy access.

To help a visually impaired individual:
- Communicate verbally and via touch and feel
- Build rapport before touching
- MUST HAVE CONSENT

To help a visually impaired individual who owns a mobile phone and is a Veterinary Science PhD student:
- Ask her what she knows about the health condition
- Send pictures/videos/audio files to her phone so she can view them at home

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(A) The information on this brochure is presented in a way that should be understood by the majority of Australians. There is minimal medical jargon. The brochure also covers potential FAQ's with their sub-headings (ie. symptoms, treatment and prevention.)

(B ) The brochure has no pictures and is not particularly 'eye-catching'. It also contains some information that potentially is not relevant to the desired reader (ie. prevention)

BEAU
- lots of pictures and visuals
- take it slow and minimise use of medical jargon
- involve family into the discussion
- send him home with more information (ie. posters/brochures)
- keep the situation more casual and avoid a serious approach

(A) Involve the parent in order to confirm the information given: Address both Beau and his mother and relay the information. Show Beaus mother the extra information that he is being sent home with.

(B) - may be useful to ask Beau to talk about the info with someone he feels comfortable with (ie. parent/ teacher/ psychologist)
- Ask Beau how he feels he learns best (ie. auditory, visual etc)
- Try and engage with Beau first to establish a good report with your patient

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a)
Positives:
- examples
- readings
- table
- gives symptoms
- provides a good amount of information
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Improvements:
- need to be able to teach the child
- uses big words
- order needs to be changed
- less words
- needs illustrations
- better layout
- better focus on the warning signs
- highlight the common symptoms
- could condense into 1 page

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-Targeted at people who already have a flu

-Should give immediate information on how to treat themself rather than telling them what would not work.

-Needs more engagement with reader. Nothing stands out making it something you want to read.

-Needs pictures/graphs making it easier to get information at a glance

-Titles clear and helpful with finding information

-Language is too formal/intense in some areas so it could be further broken down.

65 Year Aboriginal Medicine Man

-Understand that they may not fully trust you due to cultural reasons

-Talk to him and discuss what he thinks about his views of medicine

- Add in your own advice after building some rapport

Additional Info

-Knowing he is highly educated you could use maybe more technical language and give more in-depth knowledge

-Seeing he's interested you could go through the pamphlet with him explaining things in detail

- Strategies: agree with the wife's sentiment to build rapport and maybe suggest how things could improve

-You could ask them about what treatments they already practice on the symptoms they have

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Find your group allocation here

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Young people are underemployed and taken advantage of
-1/3 of young Australians are not working or not getting hours they want
-This is a social determinant
-Getting jobs online like facebook
- Insecure jobs
-Extended apprenticeships that don''t end - 50% never finish
-Sexist employers in certain trades make it hard for women to find jobs
-Can't afford healthcare and things which can be affect health i.e. food

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Social- "Society we live in is isolating and lonely" e.g. social media and use of technology.
Cultural upbringing.
Generation as a whole- Increasing pressures to do with income, housing, job insecurity, environment.

Biomedical- Genetics, brain chemicals,

Behavioural- substance abuse, exercise/coping strategies.

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- Obesity is 60% genetics, rest is behavioural and social determinants
- Food is easily accessible - we do not have to hunt for food
- Obesity rise as fast food is convenient and cheaper
- barriers to exercise and positive diet: safety of neighbour and opportunities for being active e.g. parks, walking trails
- Area of living; low socioeconomic=limited access to shops and fitness facilities, more fast food outlets

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- jail
- domestic violence
-youth under 18 years of age
- social exclusion: support (services strained / family support) and housing (living rough/in a car/ friends house and may be able to pay for food but not housing)
- more common in men
- increase of 46% for people aged 19-24 and an increase in 117% for people locates in NSW
- challenging rental markets

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Hello

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1. Do the Pre-work
2. Communication
3. Respect
4. Engagement
5. Active Listening

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1. Everyone participates
2. Respect one another
3. Be prepared
4. Listen to each other
5. Communicate well so everyone knows what is happening

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1. Everyone contributes
2. Respectful
3. Organised
4. Have a go
5. Have fun

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2. Cooperation
3. Participation
4. Be organised
5. Respect

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1. respect each other's opinion
2. punctuality - show up on time
3. communication
4. be prepared
5. be energetic

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- opposing WHO's definition of "...complete physical wellbeing..." does not apply to everyone as just because someone may be impaired in one sector doesn't mean they aren't healthy.
- Being healthy is being able to complete daily activities activities without too much strain or stress on the body or mind
- it involves every aspect of your life in terms of emotional, spiritual, physical, mental and social balance

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Shaped by , society, relationships, experience, beliefs, profession etc.

Balance between:
- spiritual health

- social health

- physical health

- mental health

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To be healthy:
- Ideal standard of health and well-being is different for everyone
- Also encompasses social and mental health as well as physical health
- Ongoing journey to health, ups and downs
- Balance in lifestyle is required

- Above definitions are quite idealistic and may not be achievable for every individual
- For everyone to achieve health, there must be equal ACCESS to healthcare

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Health is stable state of mind to maintain, physically, mentally, socially, spiritually, financially and environmentally.

Influences:
Ethnicity, personal experience, culture, bio-psychosocial, lifestyle/habits, up-bringing, stereotypes/others opinions.

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Health is defined as...

Maintaining the controllable aspects of your life so that you can individually feel content which allows for the completion of every day tasks and personal goals.

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- based around the WHO definition but made alterations
- society

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- seeing patients in the hospital
- injuries
- parents