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1) What is immunology?
2) Give an example of a barrier of the body.
3) Which are the two branches of the immune system?
4) What's immunity?
5) What's immune system?
6) What are the "foreign invaders"?
7) Give examples of "foreign invaders"?
8) Why do microbes try to enter in the human body?
9) What's immune response?
10) What's self-cell?
11) What's a non-self cell? Give an
example of it.
9) What are epitopes?
10) What are lymphoid organs?
11) Where are the organs of our immune system?
12) What is the lymphatic system?
13) When does the immune system react?
14) Which are the essential components of the immune system?
15) Which are the four germs?
16) What should we do to protect our body against diseases?
17) Which are the cells of the immune system?
18) What's active immunity?
19) How can active immunity be acquired?
20) What does it happen when the immune system recognizes a disease?
21) What is passive immunity?
Give an example of passive immunity.
22) What's a virus?
Give at least two characteristics of virus.
23) How can we be contaminated by a virus?
24) What is allergy?
25) What are the symptons of an allergic reaction?
26) How can you classify the allergy?
27) What are the treatments for allergy?
28) When does the lactose intolerance?
29) What are the symptoms?(https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lactose.html)
30) What is the difference between immune system and autoimmune system?
31) What's autoimmunity?
32) What's the difference between cloning and identical twins?
33) Talk briefly about the gene cloning.
34) What's therapeutic cloning?
35) What's reproductive cloning?
36) What are pathogens?
37) What are the different factors that cause the infection?
38) What is virus? Give an example of a problem caused by it.
39) What are bacteria? Give an example of a problem caused by it.
40) What are fungi? Give an example of a problem caused by it.
41) What are antibodies?
42) What are vaccines?
42) How do vaccines work?
44) Why are vaccines important?
45) Talk briefly what biotechnology is.
46) Give examples of the fields of application of biotechnology.
47) What's bioremediation?
48) What are the two types of bioremediation?
49) What are the benefits of the use of biotechnology in agriculture?
50) What are the risks of the application of biotechnology in agriculture?
51) What are the benefits of the application of biotechnology in agriculture?
52) What are GMO's?
53) What are the advantage of GMOS?
54) What are the disadvantages of GMOs?
55) How is the biotechnology used in medicine?
56) What are the stem cells?
57) What is cloning?
58) What are pathogens?
59) Which are the factors that reflect on the infection?
60) What are bacteria?
61) What are fungi?
62) What does the brain do?
63) How does it work?
64) What happens when a cell dies?
65) Where is the heart located?
66) How does it pump blood?
67) Which job do the kidneys perform?
68) What is the liver responsible for?
69) What happens in the lungs?
70) What's food allergy?

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Pollution:
Pages136 and 137, page 141
Air pollution control
Pages 146, 147 and 148
Potable water supply
Pages 153 and 154
The types and causes of water pollution
Pages 155 and 156
Heavy metals
Photocopy

1) Microbes : watch and study the video "Microbes", study pages 106 and 107: https://youtu.be/qi1MgmaQM0Q;
2) Immune system: watch the video "How the immune system works",
study the questionnaire, study the pages 106 and 107 of your book;
3) Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes: study the photocopy and pages 108 and 109;
4) Bacteria & Co page 111 e 112
5) Cells of the immune system: study the photocopy;
6) the immune response : photocopy;
7) Food pyramid: research;
8) Carbohydrates: pages 84 and 85;
9) disorders of the immune system (allergy) - photocopy;
10) Photocopy on bacteria (bacteria agents);
11) growth requirements for micro-organisms page 114 and 115;
12) the colours of biotechnology;
13) microbial technology

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Take this quiz about the immune system, the system that keeps you healthy.

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1) read the questions before you read the text so you know what you are looking for;

2) be careful when choosing "false" or "doesn't say" answers: the first means something different is said in the context so it's not possible. The other means it is possible but it wasn't mentioned;

3) Pay attention if the author is giving opinions.

4) Read the text quickly to understand the gist of the story;

5)

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Reading 1

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I would attend the coference session "Management Styles" with Helena Clark, because I've got a new job and in this job I am the leader of my section group and leading, as the job, is also a new thing to me.

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Reading 2

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Read a flyer promoting a new gym to practise and improve your reading skills.

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Reading 3:

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cefr pet- free reading practice  exam practice english language elt efl grammar writing structure cambridge business exercises a2

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B1 Reading: Education 2- free practice test

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Read about MOOCS (massive open online courses) and choose the correct location in the text to put the missing sentences.

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Reading 4:

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Read the text and for questions 1-5 choose the correct option a), b) or c)

Active Villagers

Residents of a small Welsh-speaking community have clubbed together to buy the post office and shop, ten years after buying the pub.

The people of Llithfaen, Caernarfonshire were determined to prevent their village losing its focal point. Ten years ago they paid £40,000 for the pub, called the Victoria, and now they have helped to keep the shop open. Most of the cost, £19,500, was met by the local council and a European Union grant, but the villagers needed to raise a further £6,000 to buy the shop from the owner who is retiring.

John Jones, chairman of the community committee, said: "We went around every house and came back with £500 more than we needed. The post office and the pub are essential to the life of the village. There are no other amenities.

"We were not prepared to stand by and let the heart and soul be ripped out of our community. No one else was going to help us so we decided to buy them ourselves." Llithfaen had a population of 600 but that halved when nearby granite quarries were closed. The primary school was shut because of the population decline but the locals turned it into a leisure centre and youth club.

The shop has been leased to Ffion Medi Llywelyn, 24, who lives in the village with her husband, Dillon. She said: "There is a wonderful community spirit here."

Take the reading test

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Read the text and for questions 1-5 choose the correct option a), b) or c) Active Villagers Residents of a small Welsh-speaking community have clubbed together to buy the post office and shop, ten years after buying the pub. The people of Llithfaen, Caernarfonshire were determined to prevent their village losing its focal point.

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pet b1 vocabulary ielts exam practice english language elt efl grammar writing structure teofl toeic ket pet fce cae cpe

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Practice Vocabulary tests using topics from the Cambridge PET word list

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I think...
I bet...
I wonder if...

b) Ask questions:
Who? When ? Where ? Why? How?

c) Clarify:
Find examples of words you don't know

d) Summarise:
Retell the main ideas

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1) Good readers are active readers.

2) From the outset they have clear goals in mind for their reading.

They constantly evaluate whether the text, and their reading of it,

is meeting their goals.

3) Good readers typically look over the text before they read, noting

such things as the structure of the text and text sections that might

be most relevant to their reading goals.

4) As they read, good readers frequently make predictions about what is to come.

5) They read selectively, continually making decisions about their reading— what to read carefully, what to read quickly, what not to read, what to reread, and so on.

6) Good readers construct, revise, and question the meanings they make as they read.
7) • Good readers try to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and concepts in the text, and they deal with inconsistencies or gaps as needed.

8) They draw from, compare, and integrate their prior knowledge with

material in the text.

9) They think about the authors of the text, their style, beliefs, inten-

tions, historical milieu, and so on.

10) They monitor their understanding of the text, making adjustments in

their reading as necessary.

11) They evaluate the text’s quality and value, and react to the text in a

range of ways, both intellectually and emotionally.

12) Good readers read different kinds of text differently.

13) When reading narrative, good readers attend closely to the setting and characters.

14)  When reading expository text, these readers frequently construct

and revise summaries of what they have read.

15)  For good readers, text processing occurs not only during “reading” as we have traditionally defined it, but also during short breaks taken during reading, even after the “reading” itself has com-

menced, even after the “reading” has ceased.

16)  Comprehension is a consuming, continuous, and complex activity, but one that, for good readers, is both satisfying and productive.

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Conjunctions List in English, Addition, summary, place, example, comparison, time;

Addition
Further

Also

Too

Besides

Finally

Last

Additionally

In addition

Then
Summary
In short

In other word

Anyway

In brief

It seems

Clearly

In sum

After all

In general

There

Here

In the back

Adjacent to

Next to

Nearby

Beyond

Opposite to

At that point
Example
Such as

For one thing

For instance

For example

That is

Specifically

Illustrated by

In particular
Comparison
Equally

A smilar ...

Likewise

Similarly

Comparable

As with

Another ... like

In the same way
Time
Meanwhile

Finally

At last

Presently

Currently

In the past

In the meantime

Eventually

Immediately

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Conjunctions List in English, Addition, summary, place, example, comparison, time; Addition Further Also Too Besides Finally Last Additionally In addition Then Summary In short In other word Anyway In brief It seems Clearly In sum After all In general There Here In the back Adjacent to Next to Nearby Beyond Opposite to At that point Example Such as For one thing For instance For example That is Specifically Illustrated by In particular Comparison Equally A smilar ...

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What's vaccine?
Why is it given?
How are they made?
What's the function of a vaccine?/  How is a person considered immune?
What's herd immunity?

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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How do vaccines help babies fight infections? | How Vaccines Work

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1) What's a vaccine?
2) What's herd immunity?
3) What's a vaccine made of?

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1) What happens in the line of defence?
2) What's the function of phagocyte?
3) Why are tears important?

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The Body’s Natural Defences - Senior Schools

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1) What's food poisoning?
2) How can your food get contamined?
3) What can you do to prevent food poisoning?

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1) What happens in the first line of defence?
2) What's the function of phagocytes?
3) What do specific white blood cells do when the enemy come across a microbe?
4) what do blood cells contains?

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What are produced in nature?
How can antibiotic resistance be?
Where are antibiotics produced?
What does the treatment of a patient with antibiotics cause?
How are bacteria defined?

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Antibiotics

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Human body

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Human body

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Human body

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1) skim
2) underline
3) look through questions
4) concentrate on vocabulary
5) make a scheme with WH-questions
6) watch for causes, results and effects