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first class for this course and first time met with madam Fitriah

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Madam Fitriah- She is soft-spoken and friendly

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aimed to make the teaching and learning process become more efficient and effective.
It is important to set the objectives, goals and mission in education and ensure that the successful of the goal.
educational planning involve the plan that we want to do.

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I love sport and sport is part of my life. Get the So I choose to enter bachelor in Physical and Health Education.

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I am Lesley

Physical Health Education student
From Sarawak

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Curriculum is the procedure in curriculum development meanwhile, instruction is the engagement between teacher and student.

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Instructional material is teaching aid/materials that will use to teach in the class.
It is include all the instruction that been use during the class or during teaching and learning process.

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In my opinion, teaching aid @ instructional material important in today's education.

This is because student will not get what the lesson been taught to them by only talking and reading in the classroom.

It might be difficult for them to understand things that teacher delivered. Using instructional materials can help a teacher to conquer and control the class.

For example teaching by using slide can help student in understanding the process and concept that teacher taught. Instructional materials

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Lesson plan is one of the educational planning. It is summarize the overall of educators planning in teaching. It highlight the objective and the goals that an educators want to achieve in teaching and learning process.

Making a lesson plan involve the educators method, strategy in managing the class and element of 21st century learning.

Educator should choose an approach to attract student in the class.

Approach is a way or style that use by educators in the class such as, student centred, teacher centered and problem based learning approach.

Educator should choose the approach properly to make sure the class can be managed.

Class management also important to make sure the learning time is maximized.

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Besides, today’s curriculum focuses on providing opportunities for applying 21st century skills across content areas and for a competency-based approach to learning.

It enables creative learning methods that integrate the use of technologies, inquiry- and problem-based approaches and higher order thinking skills.

21 century learning focusing on the skills required for students to master in preparation for success and readiness for every student in 21 century.

In order to achieve this standard, educators must really equipped with pedagogical style and instructional material

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Educator should implement 21 st century learning in their teaching such as mix and match, video, visual aids, music box.

This can let the student attracted to the learning in the class because they interested with the activity instead of just sit and keep quiet or making noise. doing activities that link the learning objective will improve engagement between teacher and student.

This will encourage student to become a problem solver when they solving and doing task individually or in group.

Q&A session also make student interact and increase student engagement with the teacher.

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Tyler model/objective model is common model in field of curriculum.

Tyler’s is father of behaviour objectives.

This theory consist 4 stages which are objective, content, method and evaluation.

The first step is stating aim and objective of programmes. It should based on student as learners.

Second step is about the subject matter.

The content should relevant and adequate.

The method that used in curriculum should continuity and integrated with the objective.

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Interaction / dynamic model consists 4 stages as Tyler’s model but it can start at any stages.

For example, teachers start with evaluation where the class start with quiz, diagnostic test and question.

Teacher can start with any stages that they want either started with method, objective, content or evaluation.

So, a teacher a free to choose any activity or any stages that they prefer as long as it achieve the objective of the learning.

Interaction model can be an effective model to design curriculum. but it is not stable and balance

There no fixed objective and direction in designing the curriculum.

Yes it can be used but only in certain condition and situation.

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Different of Tyler's model and interaction

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Different of Tyler's model and interaction

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Tyler's model start with stating objectives, delivers the contents, method and evaluation. so, educator can use this model in planning the lesson plan because it is more organize.
Compare to interaction model, it has no specific ways to start any curriculum and we can start from evaluate such as quiz. this model is effective but only in some condition and condition
I would prefer to use Tyler's Model to plan my curriculum@lesson plan because it is more organize. it help me to appropriately plan any teaching approach and method in teaching.

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Taba’s model based on Tyler Model but it change a little bit and it quiet similar. It also known as Grass Roots approach.

Taba’s model is the most suitable model to design language programmes.

Taba’s said that teacher should develop curriculum because teacher know the student ability, strength and weakness of their student.

She said that inductive approach should be used in designing the curriculum from specific to general. For instance, teacher creates small teaching-learning units rather than engaging the general curriculum design.

There are 7 steps in Taba’s model which are diagnosis of needs, selective of objective, selection of content, organization of content, selection of learning experience, organization of learning experience and determining what to evaluate and how to evaluate it.

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Contemporary Model involve 5 steps in designing the curriculum which are, need of analysis, formulating objective, select and organizing, implementing curriculum and evaluate the curriculum.
Need of analysis important to meet the demand and expectation of the student. It is not just for the student but for employer, stakeholder, graduated.

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Taba’s model should be used in designed the curriculum. This is because, it gives teacher greater roles. Teacher will involve in design the curriculum and their roles will be greater because they know the requirement and need of their own student. Besides, teacher knows the need of the student because the first step of this model making diagnosis student need. The first step can help the teacher to design programme by following the student needs. Instead of just following the student need, they can identify an effective method/approach to attract student’s attention and ways to approach them. Implementing Taba’s model is good but it too relies on teacher’s ability to select materials appropriate to learner. This will took too much time for a teacher to decide or select the materials in teaching. It also requires skills for a teacher as well as time and resources. If the teacher lack of skill, then it took time to train the teacher to design the curriculum for the student. Using this model the teacher confront with the need versus interest. This is because it focus on the student need instead of the important things that they need to learn.

contemporary model also should be use in designing the curriculum because it is more focus to the target group needs.

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Effective teachers DON'T cover the curriculum.....they UNCOVER  it

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Curriculum evaluation is judgement about the changes in student behavior and using information to change teaching and learning.

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Making judgment to determine the value of outcome based of the data that gathered (assessment). It also involves decision making process because after they gather data they get the result to improve weakness and gap deficiencies .
Most people are interchange about assessment and evaluation. Assessment is process of gathering data from any method such as, diagnostic test, exam, questionnaire and quiz. Most of teacher use test and questionnaire to gather information for their teaching and learning.
Gathering information for their teaching and learning is very important to know level of student understanding regarding to the learning in the class and to plan intervention for their student. So assessment is way for a teacher to know the strength and weakness of their student and the teaching process.

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Let see what is curriculum evaluation.....

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Let see what is curriculum evaluation.....

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Based on Tyler model, curriculum evaluation is a process of determining what is extend educational objectives are being attained.

So curriculum evaluation can be used to measure the effectiveness of the objective achieve or the effectiveness of implemented curriculum in school.

It also aimed to examine the impact of implemented curriculum on student achievement.

Curriculum evaluation should do frequently in school because it is very important to determine the outcome.

If not, then we cannot know the strength and the weakness in every implemented curriculum in the school.

curriculum evaluation important to decide either to accept or reject the implemented curriculum.

This is because certain curriculum maybe not suitable for the student or target group. Besides, curriculum evaluation help for future development. If any lack in the implemented curriculum then, it help to plan intervention/ strategy programmes or reject the curriculum.

It can be used for future development because, it gather the information and data from the assessment that we use likes questionnaire.

From the data we can analyse the strength and weakness of every programme and start to plan the intervention programme.

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Formative is on-going evaluation that teacher do while the programme is on-going.
It aimed to improve or change the programme. Formative provide data based on educational programme.
Teacher can use formative assessment for their teaching and learning process in order to change their teaching method in teaching and learning to improve the effectiveness of the teaching.
Not only in teaching it also can be used by other instructor.

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Summative assessment is done at the end of the programmes. It concern of the overall effectiveness of the programmes and provide data on the worth of the programmes. This assessment just focus to the value and the worth of programmes. So, it can be used to measure the effectiveness of the programmes.

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Why use summative evaluation if formative is enough

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Why use summative evaluation if formative is enough

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this is because summative evaluation help to know the worth and value of every program.
besides, it help to decide to maintain or reject the program

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According to Rober’s the objective in educational must observable and measureable.
There are 3 principles that Rober’s mention in making educational planning which are student behaviour, testing situation and performance criteria.
student behavior is the main things that educator should concern when planning the objectives.

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Discussing about the programme that every group want to organize. Our group plan to organized career programme in secondary school. The purpose is to expose the student to the career in the future and change their perspective toward certain extreme career. So, our group got a chance to get the comment regarding to our paperwork by madam.

Need analysis analysis is very important before starting any programme. This is because we are organizing the programme to give information and exposed the target group with something that they want to know and improve in certain things.

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Today is replacement for next week class because next week is holiday. So we decided to replace class on Friday because our class for this Friday had cancelled. Madam told us that we will have a task in a group and complete it during class.

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Educational emphasis in school is very important especially in the classroom. It is the element that integrated in teaching student and not only focused on the subject matter competence. Educational emphasis reflect current scenario in education in order to prepare student with the challenge in the real world later. There are 7 types of educational emphasis that teacher need to integrate in their teaching which are thinking skills, learning how to learn, ICT skills, values and citizenship, multiple intelligence, knowledge acquitision and preparation of new world.

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Among all of educational emphasis, i think that thinking skill is the most things that teacher needs to emphasize in the class. This is because it practices the student to solve problem and making decision on their own. Thinking skills can be categories into two which are critical thinking and creative thinking. Implement of critical thinking in classroom is to let student to evaluate by themselves meanwhile creative thinking is ability to produce idea. Critical thinking development student to global thinking and making decision, be able to evaluate and analyse. Creative thinking is to let student be able to solve problem, produce new idea and making modification

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Besides, educational emphasis in classroom should emphasize learning how to learn. Teacher cannot giving and delivering teaching and talking in the class and not engaging with the student. This will make student become passive in the classroom. So, teacher should be facilitators in the class that enable the learners to take their own responsibility to learn and explore by themselves. If teacher practice student centred approach then, student will learn to find information by themselves, know where to access information and even can teach them to find relevant information from such as, google engine, library, article, journal and newspapers. This is to encourage them to be independent, train them to responsible and evaluate their own learning. If they have their own initiative toward learning then, they can evaluate their own learning.

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Educational emphasis in school also prepare student of the new world such as language and skills. Today’s the scenario in getting a work is not depend on the academic only but also the company, government sector and private sector will looking for workers that flexible. So, educators should exposed and develop their skills.

For example, using project based approach where the student assists based on the product that they produce and present. This can develop their creative skills and their language skills. If they well-prepared in the school then they can survive later outside the school.

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Today we are discussing about two instructional design models that can be used in designing instructional materials @ teaching aids.

I prefer to use ADDIE Models to design my instructional materials because it thinks it is more organized and simple stages/phases to follow. In teaching Physical education, most of teacher will use practical style, command style and teacher centred approach to design instructional materials because it more to teaching the skills to the students.  ADDIE Models is a dynamic and flexible guideline for building effective performance support tools that consists of 5 phases which are analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Analysis phase is instructional problem is clarified and involve process of establishing the goals and objectives and the learners existing knowledge and skill are identified.

In analysis phase educators is focus on target audience/target group. At end instructional analysis will determine the subject and topics are to be included.

Design stage deals with learning objectives, assessments instruments, subject matter analysis, lesson plan and media selection. The focus in this phase is the objectives, goal and planning of strategy. The approach that used in this phase should systematic, following the process of identification, development and evaluation of planned strategies. In this phase teacher started to determine their teaching style to implement the parts of the project.

Development stage starts the production and testing of the methodology being used in the project. It used data from the analysis and designing stage to putting in action. This phase involve 3 task which are drafting, production and evaluation. Teacher/educators will plan their and organize their instruction and then creating the teaching aids. Then, they will test it with their friend and making evaluation and get the feedback from others. This is to know the strength and weakness to improve the teaching aid.

In implementation, procedure of training the facilitators and learners is developed. Designers will play active roles for the success of the project to make sure the delivery of effective product.

For the last stage which is evaluation. In this phase target group had experienced teaching aid and giving their feedback. It can parts into two which are summative and formative assessment. Formative is on-going process that educator done during the implementation of the teaching aid. Summative evaluation is done at the end of programmes and for the improvement of instructional materials.

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ASSURE model has goal of producing more effective teaching and learning. ASSSURE stands for analyse learner characteristics, state objectives, select modify, utilize materials, require learner response and evaluation. In my opinion, ASSURE model more focus to student centred approach because it focus to the learner need.

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Title: Effective Teaching Method in Higher Education: requirement and barriers

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Title: Effective Teaching Method in Higher Education: requirement and barriers

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Author: Nahid Shirani (2016)

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The article is about a research of effective teaching in Iran Higher Education. Research was run to identify the best teaching strategy in educational system. The research use qualitative technique to gain information.

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mixed method is the best teaching approach such as student centred and teacher centred approach, educational strategies and previous preparation.

The research also revealed some requirement that faculty members should implement in Higher Education and faculty members and student responsibilities that contribute to effective teaching. The professors revealed some barriers that they need to confront in order to achieve effective.

Major challenge that found after research are time to maximize learning, not well trained and ignore the effective teaching strategies.

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Should include subject matter-centred approach, constructivist approach, collaborative approach and research based approach.

The diversity in teaching method can help to found the effectiveness teaching method in education system.

Teaching in higher education must emphasize of the research based approach and problem based approach. Research based approach can be the effective teaching method in higher education because it implies teaching and learning that focus on research findings.

Research findings give student to be self-learner because they collect the information by themselves, and they will found deeper understanding regarding the subject. Problem based approach is focus on solving problem. Student will spend their time in analysing and solving problem that encourage the student to think and construct knowledge into deep understanding.

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Academic planning is the most important things to be done such as lesson plan. Lesson plan highlights the objective of learning and the standard that student should achieve.

Previous preparation contributed to the effective teaching in class. I suggest previous readiness should include personal preparation that involves self-readiness such as subject competence knowledge, attire and self-planning along with technical preparation involve the material things such teaching aid and activity in class.

Teacher should be equipped with knowledge and preparation to make sure they maximize learning effectiveness.

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The student and faculties’ responsibility which are adapted to the faculty strategies, giving student chance, using systemic approach and interest in their field. In higher education, student engagement must be consider by the teacher.

From my point view, student interaction with the teacher is very important because they contribute to the effective teaching in the class. If the student interacting in the class, it means that they are trying to understanding and engage actively during the learning process.

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faculty behavior in promoting learning.

using conceptual maps and pre-organizing plan in training to promote learning.

“Concept mapping allow teachers to identify the concepts that students find troublesome”, Hay, Kinchin and Baked (2008).

This strategy can help student to develop their skills. Moreover, they can gain more information and break the complicated things to the easier ways.

Writing experience also can help to do evaluation and feedback of the process of teaching and learning.  Then teacher can explaining and developing knowledge to resolve the issues in future career.

For example, if they want to work in the industry in the country they can apply the knowledge that they learned in higher education.

Interacting with student also show that you interested in them and trust their ability. This will motivate the student to success in their study because teacher show that they care and trust them.

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Educator related barriers and regulation related barriers

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Educator related barriers and regulation related barriers

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Barriers that found are educators-related barriers and regulation related barriers. Darosa et al (2011) stated that faculty members’ belief toward teaching and faculty evolution for improving teaching skills are also barriers to effective teaching.

Professors related barriers happen because they lack of interaction and engagement with student. Some educators not focusing to the effective teaching method such as problem based learning and student-centred learning. they just focus to finish the syllabus rather than giving them chance to explore and develop their cognitive thinking.

This will make student lack of encouragement because they restricted to the rule and regulation that set by their teacher. Some student interested in learning but if restricted to the rules, this will make them not interested in the class and even absent.

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I feel nervous and butterfly on my stomach because I will teach today. I realized that I need to boost my confident level and practice more to make it look more natural. This is because during the micro teaching my emotion influenced me when I started the class.

In term of personal preparation, I need to prepare myself early and practice more. I had done my personal preparation but, it is not enough because I still feel really nervous during teaching and talk in front of others people.

I need to be confident and fight my nervousness in the future. I need to practice more because it can decrease my nervousness. In future my partner and I need to concern about the distraction during teaching such as noise.

This is because during teaching some student not focused and talked in the class but we are not admonish them but just ogle them. I should admonish the student to make them pay attention in the class.

I am proud of our micro teaching because we came with creative and interesting teaching aid which are cue card that gave student opportunity to answer the question.

besides, we make a song that related to the topic to help student remember the point.

creating something fun and interesting can encourage student to involve actively in the class.

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This is the outcome that we do during the art class....
Thank you to the teacher because I got a chance/flashback of my school memory.
During the micro teaching, the teacher maximize the learning material to let student experience real world of doing tye dye.

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I found teacher that entered the class should full of spirit and appropriate attire. This is because teacher is a role model to the student in the school.

In my opinion, teacher should make self-preparation before the class start.

Today, my classmates entered the class with full spirit, clear voice and look so smart and neat. During the set induction he danced with the music that related to marriage to let the student guess the topic that he will teach.

He is the most energetic among all of my classmates that present today. I like the way he talked and way he approached the student during class.

He attract the student attention the first step he entered the class. I felt that he is a knowledgeable teacher that taught and thinking out of box.

When he taught, every point that he give he added the information although it is not related to the contents. Student can gain new information not only from the contents but from the information that teacher give them.

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Time management in teaching is very important in teaching and learning process. This is to make sure the teacher maximize learning time in the class.

It is true that activity can involving student actively in the class but the teacher must maximize learning time as much as they can. Certain activity took too much time because it might be complicated or took time for student to complete the task.

So, teacher should choose activity the most suitable activity that helping them to achieve learning objectives.

Activity is part of strategy that used to achieve learning objective, so teacher should aware of the strength and weakness of their activity.

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Today’s class is felt very interesting and fun because I saw variety of teaching style and teaching aid that my friend use in microteaching. I am attracted to one of the microteaching where the teacher taught of “Kemahiran Hidup”.

The topic focused on the breakfast and the importance of breakfast. We prepared the breakfast in the class. Student experienced the real world to make the sandwich instead of just read the notes and see the pictures.

During prepare the breakfast, teacher concern of the safety of the student and give clear instruction to avoid any issue happen. Clear instruction and rules can help teacher to control the class.

The way that teacher approach the student is fun and relate the topic with some example that close with student.

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Relate the topic that been taught close with the student help student get more understand. Certain student might not understand or never heard about the topic, so understanding the topic took much time and slow and sometimes they do not get any concept.

For example, in teaching terms the teacher should using any example that or relating the concept with example that close to them.

Then, student will understand regarding the terms or concept that teacher taught them.

The teacher brought the shawl with pattern, short pants, and handkerchief to show the shape, balance, colour in unity of art.

I found they are maximized the materials to be use in their teaching. They taught student to differentiate the unity, they gave the doll to let student draw  element of unity.

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It is holiday and semester break for 1 week.

Guess what?
I visited Penang to attend my sister's graduation day at USM. WOW...... i never travelling to Penang and this is my chance to explore Penang. I love the food, nature and people in Penang.

what i love the most?
i love the food especially "Pan Mee" slurppppppp

how was the holiday?
super fantastic and awesome because i went holiday with my favourite people and love of my life, mom and dad, sisters and grandma

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In term of planning in teaching method, I know to when and where to use the teaching approach to integrate with contents. Using mix method approach which are student centred and teacher centred approach is necessary during teaching. This is because using mix method approach can create positive learning environment.

During teaching in learning process a teacher or student cannot be a dominant because this will affect the learning environment. If teacher just focusing to teacher centred approach then, student involvement will limits and they do not have any chance to ask and giving opinion toward topic. This is because the contents and demonstration only decided by the teacher. If the teacher focused to student centred approach, the student will free to give opinion and doing task by their own and teacher only become the facilitators.

Student centred approach is giving more advantages but if the teacher giving too much freedom to student to decide then, student will not know either the contents or information is accurate and relevant. Then, they will confuse between the information that every group or student give and present during the classroom activity. Besides, it could be the distraction to the teaching and learning time because too much noise. If the teacher failed to control the noise then the class will disrupted.

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I done my micro teaching by referring to the curriculum theory and instructional design that I learnt in this course. For example, referring to the Tyler’s model which are start with stating objective, contents, method and evaluation. After referring to this model, it guided me to do my micro teaching. At the end of micro teaching I got the feedback from my classmates to make evaluate and improve things that I need to improve. So, curriculum model help me in educational planning in future.

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After studied this course I found that this course help me in my physical and health education course and prepared me well.
This course expose me to the curriculum planning and instructional@teaching aid planning in my course.
So, i feel that this course is very useful and education students should be expose and learn this subject to prepare them in teaching profession.

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i got to learnt new things which is tarian Inang. The teacher that taught is dance and demonstrate the step in tarian Inang.
Then all student followed the step and experience to dance Inang in a group.
The teacher gave student opportunity to plan and propose their opinion to dance in a group
it is good ways to encourage student to involve and do the movement along with others student.

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I found that every place in Penang is beautiful and surrounded by nature. oooo come on of course i had my favourite place and the best place is..."Bukit Bendera". The beautiful view ever and i can enjoy Penang view from Bukit Bendera.

If you want to travel, i am highly recommend you to go to Penang!! why? You need to visit Penang then, you will get the answer.....

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I found that using problem based approach and product based approach is an effective approach that teacher should use in teaching. Problem based learning allow student to solve the problem so it encourage them to be problem solver in future. For example, my classmates taught and then asked the student to work in the group to complete the task. They gave the student a newspaper and find something that related to the issue that they have been discussed. Student tried to find the main point that related to the issue so, teacher will know the level of student understanding. If the student choose or do the point that not related teacher correct them to make sure student differentiate the point.

Product based approach that they use in teaching and learning also attracted me because it emphasized of the mastery of student toward the issue/learning objectives. Student will work to make or produce a product based on their understanding of the topic. So, it encourages the creative and innovative thinking in the classroom.

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Next, create a real world relevance in classroom. This is to make sure the student experience the real world of situation in learning. For example teaching of how to plant a chilli. If we just asked the student to imagine, it will never work because they don’t even know about the fertilizer, soil and chilli plant. My classmates brought a chilli plant and the equipment to plant the chilli and we planted the chilli plant during the class by following the step that have been studied. Besides, I learn etiquette to eat today’s that been taught by my classmates too. I found it is the most interesting topic that l learnt. It is a manner that everyone know but they don’t practice it during eating. They brought a spoon, plate fork, glass and biscuit and then ask us to eat following the etiquette at the table. For me, it is a simple things but it gave more understanding about the etiquette during eat. Some student know and some student don’t. so highlighting the etiquette and let them experience the real world is an effective way in teaching.

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thank you madam for all that madam gave us, taught and guide us...MGBU

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Project Manager :
1. Fatin Adira Bt Murad
Assistant Project Manager :
2. Mohd Fadzil Bin Ali

Secretary:
3. Lesley AK Nyala
4. Zuhainiza Bt Bakar

Treasurer:
5. Anis Raihana Bt Mohd Azman

Online Combination Committee:
6. Ahmad Danial Bin Adnan

Virtual Committee:
7. Mohd Aswad Bin Azizan

Design Committee:
8. Nur Aimashihah Bt Mohd Ibrahim

Promotion & Announcement:
9. Muhammad Haiqal Bin Rosli
10. Siti Nur Shafiqah Bt Mohd Nasir
11. Aiman Hariz Bin Mohd Azam
12. Muhammad Asraf Bin Zakaria

Speaker Committee:
13. Wan Mohamad Aizat Bin Rozali
14. Aisya Farhah Bt Amdda

Emcee:
15. Ahmad Luthfi Hadi Bin Md Azmai
16. Nurul Atiqah Bt Mohd Azhari