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- Textile and clothes recycling
✓ Using old clothes or clothes that I don't wear to make a new clothes
= My dog's clothes
1.https://diyprojects.com/diy-dog-clothes-coats/
2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0fdPdRjZME

- Reduce using plastic packaging
✓ Making my own product
= Soap
1.https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/how-to-make-soap-517084
2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khczMlH-eMU

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I could make a guitar strap out of recycled materials e.g. a seatbelt

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"If it's yellow let it mellow, if it's brown flush it down" posters by the bathrooms

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"If it's yellow let it mellow, if it's brown flush it down" posters by the bathrooms

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Alex G10 Green

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Dave 10 Green

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9 step
Add the mixture to the composter. Spread the food and paper mixture evenly across the top of your compost pile. You can add a thin layer of soil to the top to prevent fruit flies, but this is optional.

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8 step
Mix the scraps with shredded newspaper. When your scrap container is nearly full, mix in a few handfuls of shredded newspaper to absorb extra liquid.8 step

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7 step
Save your food scraps. Use a sealable container like a coffee can to save your food scraps for composting. You can also compost coffee grounds, coffee filters, tea bags, and napkins.

Don’t use meat, fish, or dairy scraps in your composter! They will rot indoors, creating an unpleasant smell and ruining your compost.

Cut the food into smaller pieces to make the process go faster. They should be no larger than 2 inches (5.1 cm).

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6 step
Put shredded newspaper on top of the soil. Shredded paper helps absorb excess liquid and helps speed up the composting process. Add enough newspaper to cover the layer of soil, and cover your composter.

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5 step
Add a layer of soil to your composter. The thickness of the layer depends on how big your composter is--a good rule of thumb is to use a layer of soil about one quarter as thick as the depth of your container.

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4 step
Store your composter. You can put your composter anywhere, but it’s best to keep it somewhere out of the way to prevent accidental turnovers. This is especially important if you have kids or pets! A cabinet or closet is a good solution. Composting can happen under any temperature or humidity condition, but for best results, keep it in a dry area with a consistent temperature.

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https://greatist.com/health/leftovers-meals-healthy-recipes#7

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3 step
Put the container on a tray. You’ll need a tray under your composter to catch any liquid draining from the container--you don’t want that on your floor! The tray should be watertight and large enough to hold about 1 cup (240 ml) of liquid

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2 step
Drill holes in the bottom of your container. The number of holes depends on the size of your composter, but you should have enough for the compost to drain evenly--about one hole every 2.5 inches (6.4 cm).

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1 step
Find a container for your compost. For a basic indoor compost bin, you don’t need anything fancy--any sturdy, closeable container will do. It can be made of plastic, metal, or wood, as long as it's non-porous. You can use a plastic bin, garbage can, bucket, or even a specialty composting box. Composting bins can be any size, but for indoors, keeping your bin under 5 gallons (19 l) will prevent unpleasant smells.

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12 step to build a compost bin indoors

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My idea

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For compost bin

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create a home made filter for the water

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build a home made compost bin for your  home

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Condoms that can be cleaned out and used more than once

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https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/smart-ways-recycle-food-waste.php

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g10r
Recipes for left overs lol
my family or whoever has a mouth

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G10-Red

1st idea:
Going to make decomposed trash can for the wasted food
Audience = my family, school community

2nd idea:
Create a video for advertise about wasted items in local.
Audience=Community organizations.

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- Edible cup/bottle
- Edible food packaging
- Edible plate
-

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G10R
online propaganda to reuse, reduce and to recycle

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- Textile and clothes recycling
- Reduce plastic packaging
= Making my own product (soap)

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- Recyclable phone case
-> Shampoo bottle

- Make my own ingredients

-> Mayonnaise

- Make ring holders
-> Use egg cartons per one ring

Use tennis ball
-> Key holder
-> Make a bag with a tennis ball

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You will be able to dumpster dive all day. Think about all the fun you will have at the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

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G10R
Recipe made from leftover
Audience - My family

Choppingboard made from left over wood pieces.
Audience: Adults and elders.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pF72px2R3Hg

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http://www.graviky.com/air-inktrade.html

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A great vacation destination, cheap and easy to get to. It travels around so you get to see all the different areas of the pacific in one trip. An island in paradise, you will forget the rest of the world exists as this island keeps expanding.

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https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/leftovers

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Ideas:
- Compost bin: I could use the compost bin made before
- Make recipes from leftovers
- Make a website to raise awareness of the destination of our waste (Wix website)

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As Asia has grown and developed a lot in past years, so has the air pollution. AIR-INK is the first shoe made out of air pollution.

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Design bins of Refuse Classification
--Recylable(e.g.plastic bottles)
--Dry garbage(dirty things exclude wet things)
--Wet garbage(food wastes)

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Make recipe books for leftover

Decomposers

Something smart

Poasters to increase awareness

Make products from waste electronics or other objects. (looks cool)

Organization which donate clothes

Paper reuse center

Food scrap projects

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Tree planting drones
making paintings and selling them for charity
other projects

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Ideas:
-

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grade 10 green

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G10 and G10

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create different bin

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https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/05/zero-waste-families-plastic-culture/

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https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3013546/more-year-after-chinas-ban-waste-imports-world-still-learning-clean

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Thunberg

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ykcdt9UFRA

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In 2012, when Tom Hunt first worked with FareShare (one of three charities The Telegraph is supporting through its Christmas appeal which runs until 31 January), the chef turned out a three-course Valentine's Day feast in a warehouse using only 'unwanted' food: misshapen vegetables that didn't meet the exacting standards of the supermarkets.

Produce that had been mislabelled or wrongly packaged and game left over from shoots - 400,000 tonnes of which go to waste in this country every year. 'We turned the FareShare depot into a banqueting room and fed hundreds across the weekend.'

Tom's 'forgotten feasts' proved the value of ingredients considered surplus by the food industry - food that FareShare collects from supermarkets and manufacturers to give to charities helping vulnerable people. In 2015 it redistributed 13,552 tonnes of food.

It is Tom's mission to have us all sourcing, cooking and eating more consciously every day. 'Once you consider where your food has come from - the hard work and resources that have gone into producing it - you're less likely to bin that leftover lasagne.'

At Poco, his restaurants in Bristol and London, which have won awards for sustainability, 95-100 per cent of the kitchen waste is composted or recycled (the chefs even weigh the bin bags to keep track), and ingredients are not over-ordered. At home, he says, we can be just as savvy.

Credit: Haarala Hamilton

Though meal planning might sound like the most efficient approach for the weekly shop, it can leave little wriggle room to accommodate leftovers. 'Leave some blank spaces,' he says. 'Then anything remaining from last night's dinner can be made into soup, or become a snack.'

Tom suggests a weekly smoothie day to use up withering fruit, and a stew day to incorporate veg that's almost past it.

As for the tops and tails trimmed from fresh produce and usually discarded, Tom has an alternative suggestion. 'Skins and leaves are the fibrous and nutritious parts. They might need a bit more care and attention, such as slicing finely, but they are vital for our health.'

The leaves from cauliflowers, beetroot and turnip can be used interchangably with other greens, and carrot tops can be mixed in a 50:50 ratio with another herb. 'The bitter, aniseedy flavour is important to help us salivate and digest,' says Tom. 'They could become a sauce, pesto or garnish.'

Use the stems from a bunch of herbs to make it go further, he advises, and do the same with the green tops of leeks: 'You just have to cut them a little finer, but the leek goes twice as far.' And with crispy roast cauliflower leaves and carrot-top salsa verde to pep up leftovers, there's surely less destined for the bin.
To make a donation to FareShare or one of the other charities supported in our Christmas Appeal, please call 0151 284 1927 or see telegraph.co.uk/charity

Carrot​ ​and​ ​fennel​-top​ ​ pesto​ ​with​ ​ carrot,​ ​fennel​ ​and​ ​orange​ ​salad

Credit: Haarala Hamilton

Carrot tops are a nutritious and versatile ingredient that can be used to replace herbs in any dish. They have a slightly bitter flavour on their own, so I like to combine them with other herbs. Bitter greens often contain phytonutrients that are thought to be good for our health and help support our liver.

SERVES

4​ ​as​ ​a​ ​side​ ​dish

INGREDIENTS

250g carrots with leaves

1 fennel bulb with fronds

1 small clove of garlic, finely chopped

40g pine nuts, lightly toasted

½ orange, zested then peeled

75ml extra-virgin olive oil

1 tbsp nutritional yeast or grated Parmesan

METHOD

1. Remove the stalks and leaves from the carrots and fennel bulb, and set the vegetables aside. Put the stalks and leaves in a bowl of cold water for five minutes, then rinse under the tap. Shake dry and put a couple of sprigs aside for decoration. Bunch the tops together and chop finely.

2. In a large pestle and mortar, crush the garlic to a paste, add half the toasted pine nuts and crush, then add the orange zest and combine with the pestle. Add the carrot and fennel tops, grind together into a rough paste, then stir in the olive oil and nutritional yeast or Parmesan. You can store the pesto in a jar or container in the fridge for up to two weeks. If you don't have a pestle and mortar, pulse-blend all the ingredients in a food processor until roughly chopped and combined, or simply chop everything finely and mix together.

3. To make the salad, wash the carrots and fennel, then shave them into slivers using a mandolin or peeler. Slice the orange into rounds, about 5-10mm thick, then cut into halves. Toss the carrot and fennel shavings with some of the pesto and orange pieces in a bowl.

4. Serve topped with the rest of the pesto, the reserved fennel and carrot tops and remaining pine nuts.

TRY THIS: Great as a garnish, carrot tops can also be added to any green sauce, such as salsa verde. Try roasting carrots tossed in a mixture of the chopped leaves, garlic and oil.

Beetroot​ ​leaf​ ​borani, Iranian-style​ ​yogurt​ ​and​ ​walnut​ ​dip

Credit: Haarala Hamilton

Beetroot leaves taste similar to chard (the same family) but have an earthier flavour. Use them to replace greens. I like to make crudités out of the parts of vegetables that often get thrown away.

SERVES

​4​ ​as​ ​a​ ​snack,​ ​or​ ​2​ ​as​ ​a​ ​starter​ ​with​ ​bread

INGREDIENTS

1 bunch (about 120g) beetroot stalks and leaves, washed

extra-virgin olive oil

1 small clove garlic, puréed

100g thick, full-fat yogurt or soya yogurt

zest and juice of ⅛ lemon

1 tsp za'atar or dried mint

25g walnuts, crushed into large pieces

To serve

2 wholewheat pitta breads, toasted

batons or florets of seasonal vegetables, such as cauliflower with leaves, chard (red or rainbow), celery (a leafy one), broccoli, fennel (with long stalks), little gem lettuce

METHOD

1. Slice the beetroot leaves and stalks finely. Place in a heavy-based frying pan with a glug of extra-virgin olive oil and a pinch of salt. Place on a low-medium heat with a lid on. After a few minutes, stir, then return the lid and cook for a further minute. Remove the lid, add half the garlic, and keep stirring until the juices have mostly evaporated. Remove from the pan and allow to cool.

2. When cold, mix the cooked beetroot leaves with the yogurt, remaining garlic and lemon zest and juice. Season.

3. Serve in a bowl, sprinkled with za'atar or dried mint if using, crushed walnuts and a drizzle of extra-virgin olive oil. Eat with toasted pitta and/or seasonal crudités.

TRY THIS: Use beetroot leaves instead of spinach in a Greek spanakopita pastry pie, or treat them like chard and wilt over a low heat with olive oil and garlic.

Roast​ ​cauliflower​ ​steaks,​ ​crispy​ ​leaves​ ​and​ ​hazelnut​ ​sauce

Credit: Haarala Hamilton

Cauliflower leaves roast incredibly well alongside the cauliflower steaks. They will become crispy and slightly charred.

SERVES

​4-6​ ​as​ ​a​ ​side​ ​dish​ ​or​ ​starter

INGREDIENTS

1 small cauliflower, leaves still attached

glug of light olive oil

80g hazelnuts, soaked for a minimum of 4 hours or overnight if possible, then drained

1 large clove garlic

50ml extra-virgin olive oil, plus extra for serving

2 tsp sherry or red wine vinegar

25g stale bread

2 sprigs of mint, leaves torn or whole, stems finely chopped

METHOD

1. Preheat the oven to 180C/ gas mark 4.

2. Pull off the larger leaves from the cauliflower, cut them in half lengthways and place in a medium-sized roasting tin. Cut the cauliflower into 3cm-thick slices or steaks from top to bottom and add to the tin. Drizzle with olive oil and season. Roast for 25-35 minutes until the cauliflower chars slightly and softens.

3. To make the hazelnut sauce, place 50g of the soaked hazelnuts in a high-powered blender with the garlic, extra-virgin olive oil and vinegar. Soak the bread in 120ml water for a few seconds or until soft, then add both water and bread to the blender. Blend to a smooth paste for several minutes.

4. Serve the roast cauliflower and crispy leaves drizzled with the hazelnut sauce. Crush the remaining hazelnuts and sprinkle them over the top along with the mint leaves and stems.

TRY THIS: Cauliflower leaves can be thinly sliced into a stir fry, and small tender ones can be eaten raw to scoop up dips.

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Carrot-top pesto and beetroot-leaf dip: how to waste less in the kitchen this year

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In 2012, when Tom Hunt first worked with FareShare (one of three charities The Telegraph is supporting through its Christmas appeal which runs until 31 January), the chef turned out a three-course Valentine’s Day feast in a warehouse using only ‘unwanted’ food:

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What these kids came up with will leave you wondering what adults are even doing anymore.

Teenagers tend to get a bad rap. No, I don't mean they listen to bad rap. I mean that they get unfairly judged as lazy, immature, and generally incapable. Just last month, Roger Daltrey of The Who was moaning that kids these days don't have any movements or sense of purpose, because apparently the only new band he knows is One Direction.

However, if you pay attention, you'll notice that our young people are capable of amazing things, whether it's starting entire online revolutions or coming up with better ideas than adults ever have.

In creating this list, I found myself wondering, 'What are adults even doing anymore?' This world has a pile of problems that often seem insurmountable. How do we deal with the giant island of trash floating in the ocean? How do we create an affordable car that doesn't fart out a ton of carbon pollution? How can we help people in poverty get their basic needs met in the face of so much opposition to spending money on welfare programs?

Yet these 16 individuals under 20 have all invented solutions that have somehow eluded those who can legally drink.

Many of these kids were inspired by simple necessity, which we all know is the mother of invention. Others were driven by compassion for loved ones or for strangers they saw suffering needlessly. Some of them were just doing science fair projects, identified a problem, and-without having to worry about patents or profit-worked out the solutions that made the most sense.

Here are the results:

1. Eesha Khare

This 18-year-old from Saratoga, California, was still in high school when she invented a battery that can be charged in 20 seconds. It also lasts 10 times as long as a standard battery. How long does it take your cell phone to charge? Uh huh, that's what I thought. I'd explain how it works, but I'm not nearly as smart as this teenager.

2. Boyan Slat

This Dutch 19-year-old may be responsible for cleaning up the oceans. Have you heard of Garbage Island? Well, you can kiss it goodbye. (I do not recommend kissing Garbage Island.) Basically, he came up with an idea to anchor 24 sifters to the ocean floor that can collect floating plastic debris while allowing plant and animal matter to float on through. The plastic can then be recycled, and the materials sold to pay for the entire operation.

Boyan Slat giving speech. Photo by TEDx Delft / Flickr.

3. Param Jaggi

While adults were busy taking forever to make a decent and affordable electric car, this Texas native was 17 years old when he figured out how to make your gas-fueled vehicle produce oxygen rather than CO ₂. It's a fairly simple device called Algae Mobile, which fits into your tailpipe. The algae inside the tube absorb the exhaust and produce clean oxygen. The only question is, why doesn't everyone have one yet?

4. Ryan Patterson

The inability to communicate with most hearing people makes life difficult for deaf persons. Knowing this, Colorado-born Ryan invented a glove that translates sign language. It's simply a golf glove that uses sensors, a radio frequency transmitter, and a microcontroller to interpret hand movements. He was 17. Why didn't anyone else think of this?

5. Marian Bechtel

When she wasn't busy being a regular high school student, then-17-year-old Marian was inventing a simple, inexpensive mine detector. This young anti-war activist from Pennsylvania may save a whole lot of lives with her piano-based device, which uses sound waves to find the mines. Abandoned, unlabeled old minefields are still responsible for tens of thousands of deaths each year. Most of these casualties are children.

6. Kelvin Doe

At the age of 13, Kelvin started making his own batteries and generators out of scraps and found materials in Sierra Leone to help light up his neighborhood when electricity was unreliable. You think of batteries and generators as being impossibly complicated, yet Kelvin made them out of soda, acid, and scrap metal bound together by tape. Now 16, he's the youngest person ever to be invited to the "Visiting Practitioner's Program" at MIT.

Kelvin Doe at the World Maker Faire in New York City in 2012. Photo by John Dalton / Flickr.

7. Kenneth Shinozuka

Kenneth was only 15 when he created a low-cost device to protect his grandfather, an Alzheimer's patient, from wandering off. Are you ready? The native Californian made special socks with tiny sensors that go off when feet touch the floor, otherwise known as "Safe Wander." An alert is then sent to the caregiver's phone via the corresponding app. It's so easy.

8. Myla Swallow

Eighteen-year-old Myla designed a simple, cheap system of sterilization that will help to lower the rates of formula-related infant mortality in Africa where clean water is hard to come by. Stainless steel baby bottles are sterilized using a billy can and a pump filter to produce steam. At the same time, Australian Myla founded the Clean Water Initiative to raise awareness of the lack of clean water access among the very poor.

Ugandan mother laying next to her newborn. Photo by World Bank Photo Collection / Flickr.

9. Azza Abdel Hamid Faiad

Need something to do with all that trash collected from the ocean? When this Egyptian student was 16 years old, she discovered a new way of turning plastic into biofuel. This innovation could turn Egypt's mountains of plastic garbage into $78 million in biofuels every year. Can you imagine how much Garbage Island is worth?

10. Ryan Beck

This youngster from San Diego was only 13 when he invented a football helmet that can reduce the rate of concussions by 55 percent. He was compelled when watching football players crash into each other, and learned that many of them suffer head injuries, which often cause devastating health issues later in life. He tested different kinds of padding and settled on a special type of foam covered in neoprene. Run one in for Ryan, football players.

11. Jack Andraka

Maryland-born Jack Andraka will likely be responsible for saving thousands of lives with his early pancreatic cancer detection tool, which he developed when he was 15. The reason pancreatic cancer has such a high mortality rate is because 85 percent of cases remain undiscovered until they're in the late stages. The device is currently undergoing clinical trials, and Jack is currently awesome.

Jack Andraka speaking at TEDx QUT. Photo by TEDx QUT / Flickr.

12. Elif Bilgin

Elif from Istanbul, Turkey, was 16 years old when she perfected her technique for turning banana peels into bioplastics. I don't even know what bioplastics are, let alone how you make them from banana peels. But it's apparently so simple that you can do it at home. These safer plastics can be used to replace petroleum-based plastics, which have been linked to certain forms of cancer.

13. Arsh Shah Dilbagi

This 16-year-old from Panipat, India, invented a device that allows people who have trouble communicating verbally to convert their breath into letters. Ready to be further impressed? Arsh reports that it takes only tenths of a second to dictate certain letters, making it the fastest AAC device in the world. While AAC devices like the one used by Steven Hawking can cost thousands of dollars, TALK could be sold for under $100.

14. Raquel Redshirt

Growing up in New Mexico's Navajo Nation, Raquel experienced poverty so extreme that her family and neighbors often couldn't afford electricity, making it near impossible to cook anything. So at 16, she discovered a way to make solar-powered ovens using the simple materials collected around the area. Working with old tires, aluminum foil, shredded paper, and dirt, she made these usually expensive ovens for the people in her community. Have you built any ovens for your neighbors lately?

Bioplastics from banana peels? Fewer deaths from pancreatic cancer? Cleaner oceans? Why don't we have any of these things yet? Clearly we're not giving teenagers enough credit. Maybe if we had been treating our youth with the respect they deserve instead of complaining about "selfie" culture, we'd have flying cars by now!

So I say to all those complaining about "kids these days," maybe it's you-yeah, you!-who is ungrateful. Now either invent flying cars or shut up, Roger Daltrey.

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These 14 Teenage Inventors Built a Glove That Translates Sign Language-and Other Tech Solutions - Yes! Magazine

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What these kids came up with will leave you wondering what adults are even doing anymore. Teenagers tend to get a bad rap. No, I don't mean they listen to bad rap. I mean that they get unfairly judged as lazy, immature, and generally incapable.

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China produces more than 26 million tons of textile waste per year (nearly 70,000 tons/day), according to data from the China Association of Resource Comprehensive Utilization published in 2013. As per another report (by Greenpeace), three fourths of the over 80 billion pieces of clothing items produced worldwide each year end up in landfills after only a few uses.

1. Raising awareness of the environmental and social impact of clothing consumption and encouraging 'conscious consumerism.'

2. Providing communities and the industry with a reliable system t o reuse and recycle discarded clothing.

3. Ensuring collected items are used to their maximum potential, and are appropriately recycled.

RE:FORM collaborates with a variety stakeholders, including: community service organizations, retailers, recyclers, startups working on circular economy, educational institutions, local & global companies, media, and most importantly, consumers, to drive change towards conscious fashion.
RE:FORM, an impact project launched by Green Initiatives in December 2016, aims to change the way consumers engage in fashion by:
Change starts with what we wear!
The need to reduce textile waste is absolutely urgent. Reusing, and recycling of used textiles are both alternatives to the production of new clothes and have immediate positive environmental impact. However, neither can replace the change that needs to come from within us i.e., Reform, and reduce our environmental footprint.

Companies and educational institutions - Contact us to set up a branded collection box for your staff and students. We also offer a project launch event and awareness workshops.

Retailers - Join RE:FORM to set up collection boxes at your stores for your customers.

Individuals - Buy less clothes. And for what you already have, drop your used clothing items at any of our or our partners' collection boxes. We will shortly update this section with a map of various recycling locations.

How You Can Participate:

For more information or to contact our team please click" Read More " below to access our project page.

Guidelines for Recycling Items Through RE:FORM

We accept the following items:

We currently DO NOT accept items that are:

Current Apparel Drop-Off Locations

Haworth Furnitures, 32F, Tower 1, 1515 West Nanjing Road, Jingan , Shanghai(Mon-Fri / 09:30-18:30)

Bonobo Store, Guangqi City Block B, 1F, 455 Yishan Road, Xujiahui, Shanghai (Everyday / 10:00-22:00)

To see the real-time locations please click" Read More " below to access our project page.

Key Project Partners:

Community Center Shanghai / River of Hearts: Started in 2003 under the umbrella of Community Center Shanghai, River of Hearts' (ROH) mission is twofold: (i) to provide a way for those in need in mainland China to receive clothing, shoes, bedding, and other apparel in good condition, and (ii) to create opportunities for Shanghai residents to contribute to the improvement of Chinese families and individuals.

Crown Relocations: Crown Relocations is part of the Crown Worldwide Group with offices in over 265 locations in almost 60 countries worldwide. The Crown Group helps companies manage a globally mobile workforce, take care of local, national and international relocations, protect the integrity of corporate information and ensure the safe transit of fine art works.

The Path Forward - RE:FORM [Refuse, Reduce, Repair, Reuse & Recycle]

The first step to reducing the environmental impact of our clothing is simple: we need to our clothing consumption. This is where RE:FORM aims to make a difference.
RE:FORM is not just about changing the way used clothing items are refunctioned for reuse, but fundamentally changing the way we engage with fashion. We need to go back to the roots, focus on 'less is more' and buy fewer products of better, longer lasting quality.
Collecting, reusing and recycling (downcycling or upcycling) discarded clothes reduces the need to produce new clothes and, consequently, the environmental impact of the fashion industry.
Textile recycling alone can cut carbon dioxide emission by over 80 million tons every year! This is an ongoing project. We are constantly looking for new partners, sponsors, and just about anyone who would like to contribute to solving the huge problem that lies before us. Please click"Read More" to contact us.

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China produces more than 26 million tons of textile waste per year (nearly 70,000 tons/day), according to data from the China Association of Resource Comprehensive Utilization published in 2013. As per another report (by Greenpeace), three fourths of the over 80 billion pieces of clothing items produced worldwide each year end up in landfills after only a few uses.

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Waste management, so hot right now. The government is promoting it almost as much as traffic controls. In just the last year, garbage cans have gotten a makeover, with better, easier-to-understand graphics; some buses, like the sleek new 71, have gotten recycle bins; and large fines are being given to waste disposal companies that mix sorted garbage. Plus Singles' Day, which generates record quantities of trash in the form of postal packaging, is right around the corner.

We may have never demanded grocers like Hema and CitySuper start wrapping everything in fifty layers of plastic, but that's the world we are in, and now it's our responsibility to recycle that waste to keep the city clean. Idealistic, sometimes. Necessary, definitely. It's the way our city is headed. Much of the world is already there. But how to do it in Shanghai, where we are in a period of transition from informal recycling (the guys on tricycles) to formal recycling (done by The Man)? Here, by category, is how.

FOOD WASTE

Goes in the Wet Garbage (湿垃圾) bin. Most biodegradable food waste belongs here, except things that are hard to break down, like big bones and coconut shells, which go in the Dry Garbage (干垃圾) bin. Remember to remove the plastic from anything you put in these bins.

Compost! Yes, you can compost in Shanghai. A number of compounds in Shanghai have started a compost pilot program. If you're not living in one of them, you can do it at home. Zero Waste Shanghai offers composting workshops for families and small groups who want to learn.

PLASTIC BOTTLES & CONTAINERS

Learn these characters: "可回收物". Recyclable. This is where your plastic bottles and containers go, unless they are dirty and can't be cleaned, in which case, they go in the Dry Garbage (干垃圾) bin. Pour out the liquid before you throw your drink bottles or food containers away. Rinse them with water and squash them. You're doing the sanitation workers a huge favor by reducing the size and weight, and giving them a bit of dignity.

Recycle through the private waste collectors (guys on trikes) and cleaning ladies at your compound. However, see below for some caveats about this method.

Cosmetic brands such as Kiehl's, Origins, M.A.C, Shiseido, and Innisfree can take your returned containers and reward you with small samples and membership points.

GLASS BOTTLES & CONTAINERS

Put them in the 可回收物 bin. Same with plastic ones. Private waste collectors usually refuse to take glass bottles because they are difficult to transport.

MAGAZINES, BOOKS & CARDBOARD

Put them in the 可回收物 bin.

Recycle through the private waste collectors and cleaning ladies at your compound.

For books, Duozhuayu (多抓鱼) is great for selling and buying second-hand books. Funded by Tencent, Duozhuayu has a system that verifies and estimates the prices of your books, and they will collect the books from you free of charge.

CLOTHES

可回收物. You are learning.

Take them back to the store, or take them to H&M. Clothing shops Uniqlo, H&M, and Zara all provide recycling services for used clothes from their own shops; H&M even accepts clothes from other brands.

Social enterprise Feimayi (飞蚂蚁) is at the forefront of online textile recycling in China and provides a free collection service for more than five kg of clothes. Also funded by Tencent, like Duozhuayu, it's accessible via desktop and WeChat mini-program. Find the QR codes by scrolling down on their website. Basic Chinese is needed to navigate the app and fill out the form.

BATTERIES, PAINT CANS and OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Find a Hazardous Waste (有害垃圾) bin, if you can. In newer residential areas, they are usually right next to the other bins, in red or with a red label. If you don't have one in your neighborhood, talk to your local neighborhood management about options for disposal. That's kind of mafan but it's life in late 2018.

Public garbage bins. Many streetside garbage bins have a hole in the middle for batteries and CDs. Remember those? From when music came on a shiny, silver disc.

OLD APPLIANCES

If they are small enough: 可回收物

(爱回收) is China's largest platform for recycling and selling second-hand electronics. They have offline stores in shopping malls throughout the city, including at Cloud Nine in Zhongshan Park and Hubindao in the Xintiandi area.

(闲鱼) is Taobao's second-hand marketplace. Although not desktop-friendly, you can sell almost anything there. The platform is super active due to its sheer size. If you don't read Chinese, there is an amazing, incredible, wonderfully efficient and hugely profitable Buy & Sell section right here.

WHAT ABOUT TAKE-OUT OR DELIVERY FOOD PACKAGING?

There are four steps to recycling takeout food containers, which is maybe why a lot of people don't bother. But you should.

First, separate the clean paper/plastics and dirty containers. Leftover food → Wet Garbage Bin (湿垃圾) bin; dirty containers → Dry Garbage (干垃圾) bin; Clean bags → Recyclable (可回收物) bin.

Waimai containers are incredibly hard to recycle. Even the paper-based ones. These containers are often lined with polyethylene and tainted by food residue, so they are very unpopular among garbage collectors -- it's not worth their effort to wash them or separate the liners. The same goes for disposable coffee cups. This is a problem.

WHAT ELSE

Green Initiatives offers transparent waste management for e-waste, paper, and textile waste. They also have recycling bins at URBN hotel, Element Fresh, and many other private and public collection points around Shanghai. For on-door pick up, , a social enterprise that works with Green Iniatitives offers recycle service through WeChat.

WHERE DOES IT GO?

Food waste accounts for more than 50% of Shanghai's total household waste. In the current system, a wet waste truck from the environment and sanitation department picks it up, then transports it to a waste incineration plant, most likely the Laogang Solid Waste Management Facility, which processes 70% of Shanghai's household waste. At Laogang, the waste is either burned to generate electricity (Laogang is up to European standards in this regard), fermented into biogas or turned into fertilizer.

In urban areas, dirty tissues, papers, plastics, diapers, wet wipes, and stuff in the Dry Garbage bin are compressed at transfer centers, and then sent to incineration plants and landfills in Laogang and Jiangqiao; some is turned into energy. The government has set a "zero landfill" goal for 2020. That's one year away. It's an ambitious target.

Clothing is tricky. Though there are large panda-shaped bins for clothing, we don't recommend them, as they are not actually affiliated with the government. The truth is most clothing donations will end up in the landfill and incineration plants, with only 3% is accepted by the charities.

THE GUYS ON TRICYCLES

Depending on the material, recyclable waste in the bins is transported to specialized recycling facilities. Private waste collectors - the guys on tricycles you see cruising around town -- are part of the informal waste recycling system. That is a whole other topic that academics study and city planners try to solve. You have noticed less of those guys on the streets if you've been here for some time. That is intentional. The city is phasing them out and/or incorporating them into the formal waste management plan, but obviously they still exist and there is still a need for them. They continue to eke out livings on the thinnest of margins, earning somewhere close to 100rmb per tricycle of cardboard (more for copper and Styrofoam, less for wood).

From a pure sustainability point of view, it's best to take a lightly skeptical approach to them. They exist in the gray area of the recycling world and it's unclear how well their goods are recycled. On the other hand, they have a financial interest in seeing the waste recycled. After all, no one is buying it just to bury it in the ground. For a fascinating and comprehensive look at how this system works in Shanghai, read this 2017 report by Core Responsibility (PDF).

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Waste management, so hot right now. The government is promoting it almost as much as traffic controls. In just the last year, garbage cans have gotten a makeover, with better, easier-to-understand graphics; some buses, like the sleek new 71, have gotten recycle bins; and large fines are being given to waste disposal companies that mix sorted garbage.

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Please add your findings as attached posts, with your name in the title! Just like I have done here.

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What ideas do we have as a class for our e-portfolio project to address this problem?

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Can we find any examples of people from Shanghai with similar motivations?

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How did Greta Thunberg become famous across the world?

What is she asking people to do?

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Suggested solutions may be, but are not limited to, the following ideas:

Recipes made from left overs

App for waste donation (ex. unwanted furniture, clothes, broken toys, broken electrical goods)

Multi-media campaign around recycling for local use

Textile product made from waste

Prototype smart composting containers

Electronics made from reclaimed parts

Products to raise awareness of the destination of our waste

Digital gamification solution to encourage reduction of food and water waste

Edible cutlery/crockery

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SoI: Changing consumer behaviour at local community level is key to creating a global sustainable world.

Key Concept: Communities

Related Concept: Markets and Trends

Global Context: Globalization and Sustainability

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Students must select one of the following audiences/clients:

their school community

their family

community organizations: food banks/soup kitchens, community plots/gardens, or community shelters/centres.

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Students are required to produce an e-portfolio that follows the design cycle to develop a solution (or range of solutions), which targets local/community waste.

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Greta Thunberg full speech at UN Climate Change COP24 Conference