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Literary Theory: Psychological and Alice 

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Alice 

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Quote (ch.7): " We're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad." - Cheshire Cat

In this quote, the Cheshire Cat tells Alice that everyone has a bit of madness in them. This also directly refers to the creatures of Wonderland being mad: either insane or angry. Alice realizes that there is a reason as to why she found her way to Wonderland. At this point of the story she is already aware that the Wonderland she is in is different than the real world in several aspects, but these creatures are normal to the nonsense that this world was.

The psychological theory is present in this quote as it addresses the mental state and personalities of the characters and people in general. The Cheshire believes everyone has a bit of anger, madness or insanity within them, and of course if they made their way to Wonderland, they must encompass it. Alice goes through a lot mentally and emotionally while traveling through Wonderland. She has trouble with her identity and purpose and the magical realm of wonderland.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Alice

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Alice

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(ch.6)Quote: "Would you tell me, please, where I ought to go from here?" "That depends a good deal on where you want to get to," said the Cat. Throughout Alice's adventures in Wonderland, she had tried to make sense of the illogical manner of the place and the people but it was driving her mad trying to add logic to the randomness of the world. At this point, Alice asks the Cat for a way out of Wonderland, but he responds saying it depends where Alice wants to go.  In this moment both of the characters realize it is not the place that matters, but the going. Basically it doesn't matter what path you take to get to where you want to go in life, as long as you get there.

This was an important conversation for Alice, as she had been struggling with her identity and purpose in Wonderland before. Now she see's a little more clearly than before.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Quote: "Anyway, I hope I get smart soon because I want to lern everything there is in the werld like the collidge boys know. All about art and politiks and god". (Keyes 20) "When I become intelligent the way Prof. Nemur says, with much more than twice my I.Q. of 70, then maybe people will like me and be my friends." (Keyes 49).

(The spelling errors are intentional from the author).
Both of these quotes correlate to the psychological literary theory. Charles Gordon, the main character, is a man with an incredibly low I.Q. of 70.He desires to become intelligent and therefore undergoes an operation that is supposed to make him significantly smarter.
Both quotes display how Charlie dreams to become smarter like everyone else and hopefully makes friends. This text is showing a look into Charlie's thinking process and how he lacks friendships as he is seen as "🤬" and that he wants to change.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Quote: "Anyway, I hope I get smart soon because I want to lern everything there is in the werld like the collidge boys know. All about art and politiks and god". (Keyes 20) "When I become intelligent the way Prof. Nemur says, with much more than twice my I.Q. of 70, then maybe people will like me and be my friends." (Keyes 49).

(The spelling errors are intentional from the author).
Both of these quotes correlate to the psychological literary theory. Charles Gordon, the main character, is a man with an incredibly low I.Q. of 70.He desires to become intelligent and therefore undergoes an operation that is supposed to make him significantly smarter.
Both quotes display how Charlie dreams to become smarter like everyone else and hopefully makes friends. This text is showing a look into Charlie's thinking process and how he lacks friendships as he is seen as "🤬" and that he wants to change.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Quote: "Anyway, I hope I get smart soon because I want to lern everything there is in the werld like the collidge boys know. All about art and politiks and god". (Keyes 20) "When I become intelligent the way Prof. Nemur says, with much more than twice my I.Q. of 70, then maybe people will like me and be my friends." (Keyes 49).

(The spelling errors are intentional from the author).
Both of these quotes correlate to the psychological literary theory. Charles Gordon, the main character, is a man with an incredibly low I.Q. of 70.He desires to become intelligent and therefore undergoes an operation that is supposed to make him significantly smarter.
Both quotes display how Charlie dreams to become smarter like everyone else and hopefully makes friends. This text is showing a look into Charlie's thinking process and how he lacks friendships as he is seen as "🤬" and that he wants to change.

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The Oedipus Cycles and Psychological Literary Theory

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The Oedipus Cycles and Psychological Literary Theory

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Quote: "Dark, dark! The horror of darkness, like a shroud,
Wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud.
Ah me, ah me! What spasms athwart me shoot,
What pangs of agonizing memory?"

In this scene, Oedipus is screaming these words just after blinding himself. He sees the pain he has caused himself and his kingdom by following his inevitable fate of marrying his mother and killing his father. He sees himself as worthless and a wreck, wishing he could just forget everything that has happened to him. This quote deals with the psychological literary theory as we see how deep his mental wounds haunt him. He remembers his grotesque act as something that he will never be forgiven of, and he blinds himself as punishment and self-sacrifice. This is a symbol for him being blind about his fate all of these years. He was "blind" before, so he physically blinds himself as retribution. The act of marrying his own mother scarred him so much that he was willing to physically deform himself.

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Devices, diction, and details: Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

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Devices, diction, and details: Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

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Quote: " I can't explain myself, I'm afraid, Sir, I'm not myself you see" (Carroll, ch.6)

Analysis; Diction: In this quote, Alice is responding to the Caterpillar asking her who she is. This quote reveals Alice's struggle with her environment and her identity. This is caused by her constant change in physical traits and the mysterious wonderland she fell into. The caterpillar continues to ask her who she is to encourage her to figure out who she is inside despite her constant change in size, further depicting Alice's identity crisis in the world of wonderland.

Details: The fact that Alice could not answer the caterpillars simple question of who she is provides us insight on Alice's struggle with her identity. The caterpillar continues pressing the question to encourage Alice to dig deeper than physical attributes, and look deeper into who she is in her soul.

Devices: The author utilizes repetition through the caterpillar's character to add significance to Alice not being able to answer the simple question. Alice then realizes she has lost herself and has no idea who she is in wonderland and what role she plays.

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”Winston wondered vaguely to what century the church belonged. It was always difficult to determine the age of a London building. Anything large and impressive, if it was reasonably new in appearance, was automatically claimed as having been built since the Revolution, while anything that was obviously of earlier date was ascribed to some dim period called the Middle Ages. The centuries of capitalism were held to have produced nothing of any value. One could not learn history from architecture any more than one could learn it from books. Statues, inscriptions, memorial stones, the names of streets – anything that might throw light upon the past had been systematically altered.”

In this quote we find Winston in awe at the sight of buildings. He is given such little knowledge in his society it makes it difficult to decipher even the architecture. This can be potentially be back dated to the early mid evil times and their architecture. The amount of history portrayed before the knowing of the present can most definitely be considered a threat to man kind in a communist country. This could potentially be seen in more recently the German nazi party. The nazis would leave out so many details to its followers to hide the truth of their workings. Orwell in a way can also be telling the future. In North Korea I don’t imagine a place too unsimilar to than in the 1984 and the citizens having the knowledge any more than of the architecture such as Winston. We can use these theory’s in a way to track back as long as communism and even powerful hierarchy’s have been around.

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Quote: "In so far as he had time to remember it, he was not troubled by the fact that every word he murmured into the speak-write, every stroke of his ink pencil, was a deliberate lie. He was as anxious as anyone else in the Department that the forgery should be perfect." (Orwell, p.162)

Analysis: In this excerpt from "1984" by George Orwell, we see the protagonist, Winston, struggling to write words on a page. He is having a self-conflict in which he has trouble with writing words. He is saying that he feels like everything he writes is, "a deliberate lie." This has the effect of leaving the reader to reflect on his anxiety. Greater than this, it leaves us to wonder that if this deep level of anxiousness is able to be expressed in such great detail, then could the author himself be relating to this on the very same level? In the same sense that Winston is writing lies, could it also be Orwell himself writing lies, with the intent of misguiding us as readers? This level of introspection is specifically what Orwell may have very well intended.

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Literary Theory: Marxism and Nick Carraway

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Literary Theory: Marxism and Nick Carraway

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Quote: "In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since. 'Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.'" (page 3)

Analysis: In the novel, "The Great Gatsby," the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, writes about a summer of the jazz age, and more specifically the summer of 1922. In this time period, power and money was very praised because it was how the world portrayed you as a person and how highly you were looked upon. Nick Carraway, grew up in a very wealthy family and was very privileged throughout his childhood. This conveys how he had a judgmental view of others who didn't match his level, and his father had to say something to humble him down. He felt as if he was better than his peers when he was younger, and he had a reality check from his father from that point on.

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Quote: “The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard.” (Orwell 5)
Connection: As we learn more about Winston and the society he is forced to live in, Orwell includes multiple symbols of control and power of the Party. For example, the telescreen represents the control of the Party and how they take away the privacy of their citizens. This type of power can be interpreted as an oligarchy, as people aren’t even free in their own homes. The telescreens spy on everyone to ensure that they aren’t doing anything that goes against the Party. Although Winston is sometimes able deceive the telescreen, he is still paranoid that the Party has more tricks up their sleeve.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Analysis & Lord of the Flies

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Literary Theory: Psychological Analysis & Lord of the Flies

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Quote:

“Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!... You knew didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are what they are?”

Analysis:

The Lord of the Flies when speaking to Simon hints at the true nature of human beings by implying that the only beast on the island is one the boys could never hunt because its the beast inside themselves. As Golding continues the allegory of the inherent nature of man, this moment begins to highlight the idea that the boys are the only beasts on the island. As fear grows amidst the suspicion of a large beast lurking within the forest, Jack increasingly descends into savagery while Ralph and Piggy work to maintain order and get themselves rescued. From a psychological perspective, we see three clear characteristics forming in the three main boys. Jack as he follows his basic desires, Ralph, as he tries to stay rational, and Piggy who judges the morality of the groups actions. These three attributes are closely related to Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality. “According to Freud's model of the psyche, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories, the super-ego operates as a moral conscience, and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego.”

https://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html

As we view these characters under these lenses, we begin to notice patterns that are other wise difficult to see.

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Quote:
“I had heard of Miss Havisham up town — everybody for miles round, had heard of Miss Havisham up town — as an immensely rich and grim lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against robbers, and who led a life of seclusion” (Dickens 7.80).

Analysis:
This quote, selected from an early section in the novel, introduces us to the class separation and social Darwinism that is found throughout the work. Great Expectations is a story of a deeply impoverished and orphaned kid that learns about what it is like to live the life of someone wealthy. He gains the perspective of people in different social classes as Miss Havisham and Abel Magwich, two overwhelmingly wealthy individuals, mentor him. There are three levels of complexity in his society; the village is where all of the workers and impoverished live; the working “middle” class; and the “up-town” in which the wealthy, including Miss Havisham and Mr. Magwich, are found. Power is nearly always defined by wealth, and that most certainly rings true in this novel.

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Literary theory : psychological criticism, The Alchemist 

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Literary theory : psychological criticism, The Alchemist 

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Towards the end of the book Santiago finally reaches the pyramids and begins to dig. He is approached by two men who find his gold and make him continue to dig so that he can find them more gold. Although after digging all night he finds nothing and then is beat nearly to death. Then Santiago tells the men about his dream.  They then describe a church in another state and he knows exactly where to go now.

Analysis: each character was motivated by gold but the men only cared about the gold for themselves but Santiago cared about the gold for his life. Santiago’s dream is very important and potentially saves his life and lets him know exactly where to go. The men’s information is important for the progress of Santiago following his life’s purpose. They unconsciously give him the answers to what he’s been looking for.

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Literary Theory: Deconstruction Theory and Chess 

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Literary Theory: Deconstruction Theory and Chess 

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Quote: “Father Arnold finished the ceremony and asked if anybody had any final words for the dearly departed."Final words?" Chess asked, "I don't know if I'll ever be able to stop talking about this”.

Analysis: In chapter 10 of my book, “Reservation Blues”,  Junior commits suicide unexpectedly and the whole tribe is brought down to the harsh reality of their lives. Very few people attend Juniors wake because the tribe is used to someone committing suicide, always seeming to be passed down by generations. Drunkenness has been a big problem throughout the Indians, but committing suicide with a gun had never been done before. So when in the quote Chess replies with, “I don’t know if I’ll ever be able to stop talking about this”, the reader can take multiple meanings. As the first time someone committing suicide with a gun the tribe still is in disbelief, especially being Junior, the most friendly and uplifting Indian in the tribe. Secondly, Chess stating that is very contradicting to the meaning of Father Arnold’s closing words of the ceremony. The quote disconstructs the meaning of the saying by adding the opposite of the closure needed for everyone to move on. Chess opens up the fact that Junior will always be drama throughout the tribe and just be any other example of the saddening truth of their reality. The whole ceremony itself deconstructs the sincerest of the tribe compared to the “normal” funeral routine of their culture.

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Quote:"I was conscious that my legs were hairy , in the straggly way of legs that had once been shaved but have grown back; I was conscious of my armpits too, although of course he could't see them."

Analysis: In  society women are  always shamed into thinking that they have to look a certain way to be considered beautiful. This quote helps to further the accuracy of that culture. In the quote Offred who is forced into sexual activity's with the commander of the house still feels self conscious about her appearance. This shows that society enforces the 'ideal image' on women that stays with them over time.

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Literary Theory : Psychological and Hazel Grace. 

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Literary Theory : Psychological and Hazel Grace. 

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Quote: “Sometimes, you read a book and it fills you with this weird evangelical zeal, and you become convinced that the shattered world will never be put back together unless and until all living humans read the book." Green , pg. 33

Analysis: Although Hazel Lancaster , our storyline's main character, is shown to be a teenager with a life altering disability John Green shines a light to emphasize the psychological workings of other aspects of her life. As depicted in the quote Hazel believes that some works of literature are seen to fill one with evangelical zeal , however this may raise the question, Does Hazel long to live the life in literature rather than her everyday reality? Although Green never directly answers this question , rhetorical appeals help emphasize the attitude that Hazel does have towards her hectic teenage years.

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory in A Long Way 

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory in A Long Way 

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Quote: “According to the teachers, the rebels had attacked the mining areas in the afternoon.” (20)

Analysis: In this quote Ishmael Beah learns that the mining areas have been attacked. The place where his father works and also where his county earns an abundant amount of money. This is significant due to the mines being full of diamonds, a valued jewel for western nations that pour money into the owners hands of the mine, no matter how bloody they are. A need for money causes the owners to please the western countries, they dismember and torture people of all ages to work for them. The Marxist theory where in this case it is the owners, the government or rebels, versus the workers being forced to work inhuman ways or face their family’s hands being dismembered.

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory in A Long Way Gone

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory in A Long Way Gone

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Quote: “According to the teachers, the rebels had attacked the mining areas in the afternoon.” (20)

Analysis: In this quote Ishmael Beah learns that the mining areas have been attacked. The place where his father works and also where his county earns an abundant amount of money. This is significant due to the mines being full of diamonds, a valued jewel for western nations that pour money into the owners hands of the mine, no matter how bloody they are.

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory and Anna Karenina 

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory and Anna Karenina 

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Quote: “Don’t you know that you’re my whole life? But I know no peace, and I can’t...only; but she heard.” (Tolstoy, 159-160)

Analysis: In this quote, Vronsky is trying to overpower Anna. One of those stereotypical ‘abusive boyfriend moments, but without the abuse. She’s doubting their relationship, trying to say that it should end, but he’s not having any of it. She feels guilty and for her it’s not normal. He doesn’t want what they had to end, so he tries to force her, to appeal to her so she sees how he feels for her. That he “loves” her. (for monetary benefit no doubt)

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Ethan Frome

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Ethan Frome

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Quote: ""What's the good of either of us going anywheres without the other one now?" he said. She remained motionless, as if she had not heard him. Then she snatched her hands from his, threw her arms around his neck, and pressed a sudden drenched cheek against his face. "Ethan! Ethan! I want you to take me down again!" "Down where?" "The coast. Right off," she panted. "So 't we'll never come up any more." "Matt! What on earth do you mean?" She put her lips close against his ear to say: "Right into the big elm. You said you could. So 't we'd never have to leave each other any more." "Why, what are you talking of? You're crazy!" "I'm not crazy; but I will be if I leave you"" (Wharton, 70-71).

Analysis: Mattie and Ethan are so in love with each other, and yet Zenna has decided to hire a girl and get rid of Mattie, who is her cousin, to help her in her time of medical need. On the way to the train station, Mattie and Ethan decide to sled down this hill for one last bout of fun, but then Mattie thinks about how they could be together longer. They cannot handle being apart and decided to try and kill themselves by sledding into a huge tree. In the end, they both survive with lifelong injuries that result in Zeena caring for the two of them, despite her own illnesses. The three of them end up miserable together, no better off than if Mattie had left. Mattie and Ethan saw no other way to be together and felt driven by Zeena to take desperate measures for love.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory in Invisible Man

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory in Invisible Man

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Quote: “I was pulled this way and that for longer than I can remember. And my problem was that I always tried to go in everyone's way but my own. I have also been called one thing and then another while no one really wished to hear what I called myself. So after years of trying to adopt the opinions of others I finally rebelled. I am an invisible man.”

Analysis: In this quote Ellison portrays the main character with a lack of self awareness due to recent attacks of racism and inequality. The quote seems to depict an internal battle he has about who he truly is. He is shown giving into what societal standards say he should be

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Literary Theory: Psychological and The Talented Mr. Ripley

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Literary Theory: Psychological and The Talented Mr. Ripley

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Quote: "Tom had used to pretend he was going to an analyst, because everybody else was going to an analyst, and he had used to spin wildly funny stories about his sessions with his analyst to amuse people at parties, and the line about giving up men and women both had always been good for a laugh, the way he delivered it, until Vic had told him for Christ sake to shut up, and after that Tom had never said it again and never mentioned his analyst again, either" (Highsmith, 78).

Analysis: Tom's psychological state holds more than his chameleon personality, he goes so far that sometimes he's not even sure what's true about himself. He has self conflicts with his sexuality which are betraying his act with Dickie as Marge, Dickie's friend, becomes jealous when she suspects Tom is queer. Dickie tells of Marge's suspicions after an embarrassing scene of finding Tom in his clothes pretending to be him. To the reader he has obsessed with his bound with Dickie and maybe it has grown  a little too much, but he has not had thoughts of needing to be more with Dickie, though everyone can see he doesn't really like Marge or anyone that wants to accompany the two.

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory in Invisible man

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Literary Theory: Marxist Theory in Invisible man

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Quote: “[Mr. Norton] was the type of white man he[the narrator] feared (Ellison 41).”

Analysis: The unnamed narrator lives in a society separated by racism and class so badly that he would rather be invisible. When he finds a job with Mr.Norton everything isn't as bad as it seemed. At fist, he is faced with the challenges of fear due to him being another race but they soon learn to cooperate with each other. In this quote Marxist theory is portrayed by the superiority Mr.Norton Holds over our protagonist. In this story the fear of people from a different race became so overwhelming their fear turned into hate.

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Literary Theory: Gender Theory in Atlas Shrugged

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Literary Theory: Gender Theory in Atlas Shrugged

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Quote: "Beyond the dusty glow of a saloon, she saw a lighted sign "Young Women's Rest Club" above a locked door. She knew the institutions of that kind and the women who ran them, the women who said that theirs was the job of helping sufferers. If she went in-she thought, stumbling past-if she faced them and begged them for help, "What is your guilt?" they would ask her. "Drink? Dope? Pregnancy? Shoplifting?" She would answer, "I have no guilt, I am innocent, but I'm-" "Sorry. We have no concern for the pain of the innocent." (Rand, 829)

Analysis: In the book Atlas Shrugged, there is an ongoing theme of degrading women's importance in society without really addressing the problem. It comes from everyone, men and even other women too. Here is a good example, as even the one place women are expected to be allowed to go for help, they get denied because unless they have a physical illness that someone can accurately label, their problem is deemed irrelevant. This is a big issue directed towards the treatment of women and mental illness, two big topics that most people subject to ignorance. Most people do not wish to acknowledge mental illness or treat it in general, but on top of that, Dagny Taggart is a woman and no one wants to help a mentally ill woman.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Nwoye

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Nwoye

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Quote: “It was not the ... of the panting earth” (Achebe 147.)

Analysis: As opposed to his father, Okonkwo, who is viscerally against Christianity and all the other changes brought by the “white men,” Nwoye is intrigued by what they offer. The quote details his enthrallment while alluding to specific reasons, which include the Igbo tradition of leaving twin babies to die in the forest and his father killing his best friend because the gods ordered it. In addition to this, his father, whom was revered by the tribe, was angry and abusive toward him. The common thread among all these reasons is Nwoye’s feelings of unhappiness and isolation. He was not considered successful by his tribe nor did he fit in, thus he finds himself, along with the other outcasts, attracted to this promising new religion while, Okonkwo, a successful and respected man, avidly struggles to hinder its influence and preserve their traditional ways.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Humbert

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Humbert

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Quote: "I knew I had fallen in love with Lolita forever; but I also knew she would not be forever Lolita. She would be thirteen on January 1. In two years or so she would cease being a nymphet and would turn into a "young girl" and then, into a "college girl"- that horror of horrors. The word "forever" referred only to my own passion, to the eternal Lolita as reflected in my blood. The Lolita whose iliac crests have not yet flared, the Lolita that today I could touch and smell and hear and see, the Lolita of the strident voice and the rich brown hair..."
Humbert describes the captivity of his own mind in the sense of love, the irregular "turn ons" that confine him to pedophilia. He describes the childlike features of Lolita and confesses that although his love for her is "forever", her childness is not. Humbert expresses his dislike for her inevitable maturing and through his explanation the reader can understand his point of view on the situation.

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Quote: “Life is to be lived, not controlled; and humanity is won by continuing to play in face of certain defeat.” (Ralph Ellison)

Analysis: This quote seems to be describing a battle between him and the harsh reality of the world which can be seen as Marxist. He is battling against the odds of certain defeat so he can come out on top of humanity. His process of doing so is through not giving up even if you know you’re going to lose the battle, which can definitely be seen as relatable to the struggles working class people face to achieve higher status amongst human society.

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Quote: “You know what ... rails just once?” (Orwell 233)

Analysis: In this quote there is a clear us vs. them mentality between the prisoners and The Party which is synonymous with Marxist theory. They are being imprisoned not because they are bad people but rather because they happen to be on the wrong side of society. Such a disparity in social class is what perpetuates and equips those in power with the ability to dictate all happenings around them. As this section demonstrates, once we fall into an inequitable state individuals are wrongly forced to serve their overseers and will be easily discarded at any sign of wavering regardless of magnitude. This directly demonstrates the challenge proposed to any person willing for significant change to be brought about as your efforts are often easily thwarted and possibly punished by those who are satisfied or complacent with the way things are.

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Literary Theory: Archetypal and Hercule Poirot

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Literary Theory: Archetypal and Hercule Poirot

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Quote: "Poirot looked at his friend. ... retire from this case...""
Context: (only from point of last discussion) Here, after Poirot has named his two theories for who has murdered M. Ratchett/Cassetti he is asking his friend M. Bouc about what he feels is the "correct theory. Poirot's first theory is logically explained but highly improbable given it's dependence on multiple circumstances that he has little proof of, not naming any specific murderer. However, Poirot's second theory is the actual answer, stating that all the rest of the passengers on the train car had cooperated and coordinated the murder, each one having a stake at Ratchett/Cassetti. That theory is confirmed by the passengers, as Poirot proves all of their connections to the Armstrong family.
Analysis and Explanation: If everyone knows that Poirot's second theory is correct, why would M. Bouc choose Poirot's second theory, and why does Poirot accept that? In archetypal theory, very stereotypically as it is seen in many different examples of archetypal theory, the story ends with a "happy ending" or a "happily ever after". That is often only to conclude a narrative, but it can be tied into the moral/lesson of the story in it's conclusion. In this instance it is tied to (one of) the lesson(s)/theme(s) of the story. The true identity of M. Ratchett being Cassetti, the kidnapper/killer of Daisy Armstrong, a young american child of the wealthy Armstrong family, is an essential element of the main ideas of the story. The murder of a murderer is a controversial idea, and in this instance, being executed by a vengeful vigilante group of people associated with the victim of their victim, is a question of morality in how such a case should be viewed judiciously. In the perspective of absolute moral justice, killing a horrible murderer who has manipulated multiple wealthy families, killed multiple people, and has escaped consequence is justifiable and arguably right or just. In the consideration for real, legal justice, murder is murder, those accused in the premeditated and deliberate killing of any one will be tried in a court of law, heard by a jury and judge, and held accountable for that murder given the extent of evidence against them. The only part in which the law would fail is in the consideration for Ratchett/Cassetti being the murderer of Daisy and not getting a consequence for that murder, thus calling into question the validity and reliability of the judicial system. With consideration to that idea of mistrust for the judicial system, it is important to see  how that idea has been executed subtly throughout the novel, as Poirot has conducted interviews of the suspects and then have them express their please of innocence and guilt. Additionally, there are twelve passengers, twelve stab wounds, twelve killers acting like a jury, sentencing Ratchett/Cassetti to death. In answering those initial questions, given those ideas and their meaning in context, we can conclude that, out of the interests of all persons in that train car, M. Bouc decides to let the passengers walk free (partly because it would attract unwanted publicity to his train) because the murder was morally just, given the horrible actions of Ratchett/Cassetti, acting as the judge in this situation. As for Poirot, it was never his job to convict anyone, his job was merely to examine the situation and give his theories, at best it was to find the truth. Poirot's  abstention in deciding what should be done is indicative of his personal opinion of what he feels is right in this circumstance, reflecting the presence of morality in the book and as the lesson.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon 

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon 

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Quote: "Suddenly, it was important to know if I could be like other men, if I could ever ask a woman to share a life with me. Having intelligence and knowledge wasn't enough. I wanted this, too. The sense of release and looseness was strong now with the feeling that it was possible." (Keyes 129).
Throughout the novel, the main character Charlie begins to realize that intelligence comes with more than just being smart. As a independent individual with intelligence comes choices and responsibility. Being smart or having common sense is expected in society and this is something that Charlie has to adjust to. He starts to expand beyond his intelligence to create new relationships in his life that begin to overall change him. He feels pressured to satisfy his new love interest and feels that his procedure isn't enough. This reveals a psychological shift in him internally and shows that society expects more overall from people. You have to fit into the entire image, not just a piece of it.

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Literary Theory: Archetypal and the Raptors

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Literary Theory: Archetypal and the Raptors

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Quote: "The door to the hallway hadn't closed behind them after they entered the nursery. Now the big velociraptors were coming through. First one, then a second one. Clearly agitated, the baby chirped and bounced on Tim's shoulder. Tim knew he had to get away. Maybe the baby would distract them. After all, it was a baby raptor. He plucked the little animal from his shoulder and threw it across the room. The baby scurried between the legs of the adults. The first raptor lowered its snout, sniffed at the baby delicately. Tim took Lex's hand, and pulled her deeper into the nursery. He had to find a door, a way to get out--There was a high piercing shriek. Tim looked back to see the baby in the jaws of the adult. A second velociraptor came forward and tore at the limbs of the infant, trying to pull it from the mouth of the first. The two raptors fought over the baby as it squealed. Blood splattered in large drops onto the floor. 'They ate him,' Lex said" (Crichton 352).
Analysis: In this quotation, Timothy "Tim" Murphy and his younger sister, Alexis "Lex" Murphy, had just fled from a small pack of velociraptors that had broken into the building the children were in, and ended up hiding inside one of the nurseries that was holding a baby velociraptor. Soon after the adult velociraptors wandered into the room through the unlocked door, where Tim tries to distract them with a baby of their pursuers species, which the raptors begin fight eachother over which one gets to eat the baby first. Here we can relate the two adult raptors to two people in society, who end up being at eachother's throat with greed over who gets to keep the limited resource set presented to them. This can be seen in various businesses where a company is founded by partners, only for the partners to split up due to financial debates and arguments.

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Quote : “...it's (the world) is full of phonies. And all you do is study so that you can learn enough to be smart enough to be able to buy a goddam Cadillac some day.”

Analysis

This presents Marxist theory because it shows Holden highly disregards his economic status and doesn’t associate himself with a high economic status. Although he doesn’t want to fit in with the “phonies” a part of him clearly does because he doesn’t want to be seen as “different” with his economic status. -

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Literary Theory: Feminism/ Gender Theory and The Color Purple

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Literary Theory: Feminism/ Gender Theory and The Color Purple

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Quote: "The Olinka do not believe girls should be educated. When I asked a mother why she thought this, she said: A girl is
nothing to herself, only to her husband can she become something.
What can she become? I asked.
Why, she said, the mother of his children.
But I am not the mother of anybody’s children, I said, and I am something.
You are not much, she said. The missionary’s drudge." (Walker; 76)

In the novel, The Color Purple, Alice Walker shows how wrongly women were treated just by their sexual identity, and how they were so easily identified by other people. The novel demonstrates how women were treated as a man's property. The inhumanity of allowing another human being to own someone else is the normal in Walker's novel. The women are tricked into initially believing that they are not anything except the mother of a man's children, and without a man, they are nothing. Gender discrimination is demonstrated throughout this entire novel as women are constantly sexually and physically harassed, old and young.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Christopher

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Christopher

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Quote: "I said I didn't like the idea that the murderer was still At large. I said I didn't like to think that the person who killed Wellington could be living somewhere nearby and I might meet him when I went out for a walk at night. And this was possible because a murderer was usually committed by a person who was known to the victim."(Christopher 52)  In the curious incident of the dog in the night-time, Christopher the main character starts to overthink on and on about what he's going to do and isn't sure if there is anything to do, because he has no lead or evidence to pin point someone specific. This is psychologically getting to Christopher, because there is a possibility that he knows the murderer or it's someone near him that he doesn't know yet. By trying to get over this murder it is still very difficult for him, because the paranoia going on in his head waning to disobey his fathers orders and trying to go find the murderer himself. Although he will get in huge trouble the murder keeps getting to him and doesn't want a murderer on the streets that can kill anyone at any time of the day.

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Literary Theory: Gender theory in 🤬 out of Carolina

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Literary Theory: Gender theory in 🤬 out of Carolina

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In 🤬 out of Carolina, the main character's mom tells an anecdote about her recently deceased sister. She tells Bone, the protagonist, that while Ruth was pregnant, "Ruth just took on so, laughed and sang and made her own baby clothes. Then, one time, I asked her why she acted so happy, Told me it was proof. Being pregnant was proof that some man thought you were pretty sometime, and the more babies she got, the more she knew she was worth something. I just about cried, and at the same time I wanted to hit her for talking like that, talking like she wasn't worth something on her own" (Allison, 598). This quote shows the unfortunate standard society has for women. Society often believes that a good woman is a pretty woman. Society tends to fetishize women. This is evident in the media. Many action and horror movies, arguably enjoyed predominantly by men, often have at least one big breasted character in skimpy clothes that serves the function as eye candy. Many horror movies have a sex scene that adds nothing to the plot. Men are shameless when they talk about women, their bodies, and who they perceive as pretty or ugly. These standards often cause self esteem issues for women, much like Ruth in the novel has. Because of men and their standards, Ruth does not love herself, instead needing her husband to prove shes beautiful by having sex with her and getting her pregnant. Although the self love movement is getting stronger every day, many young girls still struggle with image issues similar to Ruth's.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Ralph vs. the Group in Lord of the Flies 

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Ralph vs. the Group in Lord of the Flies 

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Quote: “What are we? Humans? Or animals? Or savages? What's grown-ups going to think?” (Golding, pg. 79)

Analysis: Here, this quote shows that the reasonably-thinking boy of the group, Ralph, is trying to rationalize with the rest of the group about their questionable behaviors. Ralph continuously tries to use sense and good thinking as a base for how the island should be ran, however the impulsivity of the remaining adolescents pull the team in a different direction. On an island, there are no grown ups to direct you into a timed schedule nor socially benefitting tasks. Instead of trying to remain in this form of productive good-will as Ralph does, the group decides to run with what little freedom they’ve been given to the opposite direction. By this, Golding means to say that more often than not, people will act to their own contentment and desires instead of what they know to be actually appropriate. As a basis, humans will want to act on their own free will rather be constrained to some sort of disciplinary or limiting idea.

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Literary Theory: Gender/Feminism and Edna Pontellier

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Literary Theory: Gender/Feminism and Edna Pontellier

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Quote: "She answered her husband with friendly evasiveness, --- not with any fixed design to mislead him, only because all sense of reality had gone out of her life; she had abandoned herself to Fate, and awaited the consequences with indifference"  (Chopin, 140).
Analysis: As Edna becomes internally further removed from her society around her, she finds it easy to go against the conventions of being a respectable and admirable wife of the times. Edna stays at home thinking fondly of family friend Robert in secret, because she's taken a liking to him. The line "awaited the consequences with indifference" shows she knows it's not respectable to seek another man and ignore her own established family. This quote brings forth her thoughts that she is naturally independent and opens the eyes of women who are free yet constricted by social conventions. Chopin includes this to tie back into the novel's main theme of women's freedom and individuality.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and The Gentleman Caller

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and The Gentleman Caller

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Quote:
Jim: “You say that you even dreaded to walk to class. You see what you did? You dropped out of school, you gave up an education because of a clump, which as far as I know was practically non-existent! A little physical defect is what you have. Hardly noticeable even! Magnified thousand of times by imagination! You know what my advice to you is? Think of yourself as superior in some way!” (Williams, 81)
In the last scene of The Glass Menagerie the Gentleman Caller, named Jim, is introduced and he is the most Normal™️ character ever. He was popular in highschool, works at the factory with Tom, takes night classes, and cheats on his wife! Your average Joe. But thats what supposed to set him so far apart from the rest of the characters, he (comparatively) is happy with his life, something that none of the Wingfields could say abut themselves. In the quote above he’s telling Laura about how much she puts herself down about her small disability and shyness and he’s completely right. He shows Laura a way out, one that she seemingly considers for a moment before she finds out he’s engaged. He presents an option besides simply trying to escape her issues, as she uses her glass figures as a distraction from everyday life, and when he kisses her he gives her hope for a better future (even though that does mean her mother was right). But when he says he wont call and leaves Lauras hope leaves with him. Jim is seemingly the most well adjusted character, able to analyze not only his own psyche, but Laura and Toms as well, despite his cheating ways.

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Quote: “This time, I split my knuckle to the bone on his front teeth. My left impaired, I sailed in with my right, but not for long. Uncle Jack pinned my arms to my sides and said, ‘Stand still’” (Lee 43).

This quote shows Scout breaking the stereotype of how women should act in the 1930s. Women were expected to act lady like and Scout does the exact opposite by getting in a fist fight with her cousin. She instead “acts like a man” and shows her courage by standing up for her father and blowing a few hits onto her cousin, breaking the barrier society has placed for her to behave and look like a proper lady. She doesn’t worry about what people will think of her and doesn’t let what society tells her what she should be define her, she is her own person and does what she thinks is right, even if it’s not in the eyes of society. Although fighting isn’t “right,” the fact that she is escaping from the cookie cutter mold that society is confining her to is significant because she isn’t allowing society to brainwash and turn her into someone she is not. She chooses to stand up to her cousin in the way she sees as best fit, ignoring feminine standards and stereotypes.

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Quote: "I cannot forget the follies and vices of others so soon as I ought, nor their offenses against myself."

Analysis: Mr. Darcy says these words to Elizabeth during her stay at Netherfield. Both Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth speak against their prideful nature. These words display Mr. Darcy's integrity, honesty, though filled with pride and his lack of self-awareness, leaving Elizabeth surprised after observing his arrogance.

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Devices, diction, details and theme/ Pride and Prejudice 

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Devices, diction, details and theme/ Pride and Prejudice 

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Quote: "From the very beginning— from the first moment, I may almost say— of my acquaintance with you, your manners, impressing me with the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others, were such as to form the groundwork of disapprobation on which succeeding events have built so immovable a dislike; and I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry."

Analysis: Austen uses diction to let the readers know what Elizabeth thought of Mr. Darcy, she describes him as an arrogant, selfish man who has no manners, and thinks everyone is inferior. She also uses foreshadowing when she says that the instant she met him, she knew he was the last man "she could ever be prevailed on to marry." this makes the reader think that they will end up together.

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Informational Text / Pride and Prejudice 

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Informational Text / Pride and Prejudice 

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Quote from the book: "I am not romantic, you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home."

Quote from the article: "Although almost everyone marries by the end of the novel, some of the women of Elizabeth’s world are not as well-matched with their husbands as she is with hers. Unlike Elizabeth and Darcy’s affectionate relationship, many characters in the story make marriages of convenience. The monetary and social stability that the marriage offers women is more important than the compatibility of the spouses."

MLA Citation: “Pride & Prejudice and the Purpose of Marriage.” Pride & Prejudice and the Purpose of Marriage | Forbes and Fifth | University of Pittsburgh, www.forbes5.pitt.edu/article/pride-prejudice-and-purpose-marriage.

Connection: The speaker from the book is Elizabeth's friend, and she's explaining why she decided to accept Mr. Collins proposal, she did not do it for love but because she wanted social stability, just like the article said, at the end of the book we can see that a lot of the women in Elizabeth's life got married, but she was the only one that actually did it for love and not for convenience, which means that they won't be as happy as Elizabeth.

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Literary Theory: gender Theory and Mitch

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Literary Theory: gender Theory and Mitch

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"Mitch: I like you to be exactly the way you are, because in all my-experience-I have never known anyone like you." (Williams 87) and at the bottom (Williams 94)
As evident in both quotes, Mitch breaks free from the typical male stereotype of the 1950's. He is more reserved, gentle, and polite. While the women in this play are typically subservient to men, Mitch is more subservient to the women in his life. In his relationship with Blanche, he is willing to let her take the reins and set the pace out of respect. Additionally, he spend most of his time at home caring for his sick mother whom he loves deeply and worries over constantly. Even when he must break up with Blanche as a result of discovering her dark past, he isn't irate and violent, he is more hurt and disappointed. He desperately wishes to embrace her, but can't bring himself to believe her lies anymore. Unlike other men in the play Mitch expresses his sensitivity and vulnerability, even in front of the other guys. He  goes so far as to rebel against the Stanley, the alpha male, and break down sobbing when Blanche is being taken away.

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Literary theory #2 Pride and Prejudice / Gender (feminism)

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Literary theory #2 Pride and Prejudice / Gender (feminism)

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Quote: "Oh! Mr. Bennet , you are wanted immediately, we are all in an uproar. You must come and make Lizzy marry Mr. Collins, for she vows she will not have him."

Analysis: this quote is spoken by Mrs. Bennet when she hears that Elizabeth has rejected Mr. Collins. The quote shows that Mrs. Bennet does not think her daughter has the right to choose whom she marries. She hopes that her husband, Mr. Bennet will back her up, and while her cry for help ironic given Mr. Bennet's personality, it is also revealing of gender roles at the time. Fathers usually had unlimited authority over their daughters, and it wouldn't be strange for a man to  make his daughters marry someone if the arrangement benefited the family.

Quote #2: " I am no longer surprised at your knowing only six accomplished women. I rather wonder now at your knowing any."

Analysis: Elizabeth says this to Darcy after he explains the high standards he has for women and the skills he expects them to possess. Elizabeth sarcastically points out that his expectations are unrealistic and unfair, but Mr Darcy won't change his mind and will instantly assume that if the woman doesn't meet his expectations, she is inadequate for him. Elizabeth challenges him and shows him that she is not afraid of him and believes that her opinion is just as valid as his.

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literary theory #1 : Pride and Prejudice/ marxism

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literary theory #1 : Pride and Prejudice/ marxism

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Quote: "...single, my dear, to be sure! a single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. what a fine thing for our girls!"
Analysis:  After Jane Bennet (Elizabeth's sister) charms Mr. Bingley, a fine wealthy guy, Mrs. Bennet tries to steer Mr. Collins towards Elizabeth, when he seeks a wife among the Bennet daughters. Much to her mother's dismay, Elizabeth declines Mr. Collins proposal because she does not care about the money, she wants to hold out for love. This proves that back then if you were a single woman, and wanted a good "reputation" you had to get married with a guy who was wealthy enough to give you that, otherwise you just brought dishonor to your family.

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Lord of the Flies: Feminist Literary Theory #3 

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Lord of the Flies: Feminist Literary Theory #3 

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Throughout the book the characters frequently downplay women as weak and the one slight ‘feminine character’ is treated poorly by the others. Piggy who is shown to think throughly about ideas, plans can be caring towards others and is bullied for exhibiting those feelings and not be ‘tough and strong’ like the rest of the males characters. In  Chapter 2 Piggy deals with the immaturity of the boys. When they leave to play around and Piggy is left on the island to build all by himself, as the boys run off he yells at them, “Acting like a crowd of kids!” to the rest of the characters Piggy most likely annoys the them and is like a mother like figure due to trying to get everyone to do their part without them wanting to do so. Later in the book they come to realize they should have listened. This applies to the feminist literary theory because Piggy is portrayed as the ‘annoying mom character‘ to the reader and to do that they give him feminine like characteristics when the reality is Piggy was only trying to save his friends.

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Lord of the Flies: Gender Literary Theory #2

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Lord of the Flies: Gender Literary Theory #2

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Jack is trying to act as the male alpha towards Ralph by demeaning his work ethic and attempting to be seen and more masculine. This can be seen on page 94, “ ‘You haven’t got the conch,’ he said ‘Sit down.’ Jacks face went so white that the freckles showed up clear, brown flecks. He kicked his lips and remained standing. ‘This is a hunters job.’” Through this gender literary theory can be viewed because Jack has a superiority complex and doesn’t want the others to have control. His toxic masculinity comes through when speaking to Ralph.

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Lord of the Flies: Feminist Literary Theory #1

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Lord of the Flies: Feminist Literary Theory #1

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Quote: The symbolic 🤬 of the sow can be seen within the novel through the following quote, “the hunters followed, wedded to her lust, excited by the long chase in the dropped blood” Through this we can see Feminist Literary theory because is it expected that a sexual predator is a male in society and that their prey is in fact female. Continued, “...she squealed and buckled and the air was full of sweat and noise and blood and terror... Jack was on top of the sow, stabbing downward...Roger began to push ‘till he was leaning with his whole weight..The sow collapsed under them and they were heavy and fulfilled upon her.” This displays feminist theory because the killing of the sow as well as the impaling of the pig head represents male dominance. (A sow is a female pig and the killing of it shows how male dominance is formed from putting women/ female things down)

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Literary Theory: Gender and Lord of the Flies

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Literary Theory: Gender and Lord of the Flies

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Quote: “Eyes shining, mouths open, triumphant, they savored the right of domination,” (Golding, pg. 29)

Analysis: Here, this quote shows that the all-male group have a primitive right to dominate and to subdue any prey they feel so compelled to. In this instance, the boys savor the brutal murder of the mother sow on the island. Golding carefully chose a male group to represent inevitable savagery, as this particular gender is traditionally considered to be the proud, strong, oppressive group willing to bend or break any will with the brute force of masculinity, in all of its surged might. With this extreme depiction, Golding demonstrates to the audience that perhaps the roles men must adhere to are extreme. Golding illustrates images of men passionately killing, of men fighting and plotting against one another for individual gains. These images are to make the audience  uncomfortable, and force them to view these innocent school boys in the light of treacherous masculinity that they are expected to mature into.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Dr. Grant

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Dr. Grant

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Quote: "Grant had a clear feeling of intelligence from this creature, a kind of softness which contrasted strangely with the menace he had felt from the adults in the pen. He stroked the head of the velociraptor, hoping to calm it. He looked down at the body, which was shivering slightly as the tranquilizer took hold. And he saw it was a male" (Crichton 296).
Analysis: From reading over the multitude of sections from Crichton's Jurassic Park, one can clearly see his profound respect for the power of nature, from it's violent ways to its gentle care. In the quote, Dr. Grant, although being attacked by the juvenile raptor moments before, seems to take some amount of pity upon the creature after tranquilizing it, and almost a sense of profound respect. Instead of tranquilizing the raptor and walking away, he takes the time to analyze it, and even attempt to comfort the poor creature. This careful detail Crichton added into Dr. Alan Grant's character in hopes of portraying what his own actions would be if placed in Alan's scenario. Much like how during hunting for food most hunters take the time to thank the kill for supplying them with sustenance, Dr. Grant takes the time to acknowledge that although extremely dangerous, these organisms are still living breathing creatures, and can be seen as misunderstood. The creatures on Isla Nublar are simply only fueled by primal instinct, such as hunting or reproducing, and are only attacking the human characters because they see them as either a source of food or in their territory. Much like how sharks only attack humans because of mistakes such as accidentally identifying them as lone seals. Crichton shows his deep psychological connection to nature yet again by allowing there to be a period of profound understanding and wonder within this collection of horrific events.

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Literary Theory: Gender/Feminism and Edna Pontellier Part 3

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Literary Theory: Gender/Feminism and Edna Pontellier Part 3

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Quote: " “Pontellier,” said the Doctor, after a moment’s reflection, “let your wife
alone for a while. Don’t bother her, and don’t let her bother you. Woman,
my dear friend, is a very peculiar and delicate organism—a sensitive and
highly organized woman, such as I know Mrs. Pontellier to be, is especially
peculiar. It would require an inspired psychologist to deal successfully with
them. And when ordinary fellows like you and me attempt to cope with
their idiosyncrasies the result is bungling. Most women are moody and
whimsical. This is some passing whim of your wife, due to some cause or
causes which you and I needn’t try to fathom (Chopin, 71).

Analysis: Kate Chopin adds commentary through the wise doctor that women, in general, are viewed as emotional and so different from men that they are impossible to understand. The doctor tries to reassure Edna's husband that she is no different than other women, and this is ironic as it is a way to rationalize her "alien" behavior, though she is at least just as smart as the men or more so. It draws attention to the rift between the genders at the time that are divided purely by stereotypes and notions about each other, which alienates them further instead of bringing them closer together.

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Literary theory: archetypal / The Alchemist 

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Literary theory: archetypal / The Alchemist 

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Later in the book the book becomes an example of the archetypal hero/ quest journey. Although in the book the hero is actually just Santiago, the shepherd, and he’s traveling the deserts to the pyramids to find his treasure. Santiago is also the damsel in distress in a way because he is faced with multiple obstacles he must face and overcome himself to fulfill his personal legend. Along his journey, Santiago comes across the alchemist who is waiting for him. Although before revealing himself to Santiago he throws a bunch of obstacles and challenges in his way for him to overcome. He tests him multiple times to see just how strong he is. Eventually Santiago overcomes all the odds and the alchemist reveals his true identity.

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Lit. Theory : Psychological: The Catcher and the Rye.

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Lit. Theory : Psychological: The Catcher and the Rye.

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Quote: " You remember I said before that Ackley was a slob in his personal habits? Well, so was Stradlater, but in a different way. Stradlater is more of a secret slob. He always looked all right, Stradlater, but for instance, you should've seen the razor he shaved himself with. It was always rusty as hell and full of lather and hairs and 🤬. He never cleaned it or anything. He always looked good when he was finished fixing himself up, but he was a secret slob anyway, if you knew him the way I did..." (4.2)

Analysis : WHat makes this psychological in my opinion is the fact that Holden is in a way lying to himself about how he view himself and everyone around him. FOr instance, he has on multiple occasions called Stradlater mean, yet he still enjoys being around him. Holden probably believes he enjoys being around Stradlater because at the end of the day, he knows Stradlater is putting up a front, just like him. What makes it more interesting is the fact that it's hypocritical things like this that make Holden use the word "phony" a lot, but that would make him a hypocrite as well.

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Literary Theory: Gender in Atlas Shrugged

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Literary Theory: Gender in Atlas Shrugged

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Quote: "One by one, the men who had built new towns in Colorado, had departed into some silent unknown, from which no voice or person had yet returned... One after another, the men had vanished. There had been a pattern about it, which she felt, but could not define; she had become able to predict, almost with certainty, who would go next and when; she was unable to grasp the "why?" (Rand, 352)

Analysis: In Atlas shrugged, a big unresolved issue is the perspective of intelligent woman in the role of leading and running the society. Referenced often in the book is peoples judgement and indirect disgust at Dagny Taggart and her role in running a widespread railroad company. Even though she is only Vice President of the company, her own brother being President, she is the one who makes all of the important decisions and paperwork. Many people are aware of this and are never pleased to hear about this, often questioning why she is doing a mans job. As the quote says, men from across the country are disappearing and not returning, no one knowing where they went. Dagny is able to see the connection between the men, all people who have made a huge impact in creating the towns and businesses around them. However, as the author repeatedly uses the word "men" or "man" in this quote, she emphasizes the fact that Dagny herself does not consider her to possibly be apart of the pattern of disappearances because she is a woman. Even though all other qualities of herself fit the part, the sole fact that she is a woman throws out the idea that she could possibly disappear next, as she subconsciously gives in to her role of a woman in the order of importance in their society.

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Quote: "The word free still existed in Newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements as "This dog is free from lice" or "This field is free from weeds." It could not be  used in its old sense of "politically free" or "intellectually free," since political and intellectual freedom no longer existed even as concepts, and were therefore of necessity nameless. Quite apart from the suppression of definitely heretical words, reduction of vocabulary was regarded as an end in itself, and no word that could be dispensed with was allowed to survive." (Orwell, p.256)

Analysis: In this excerpt from George Orwell's "1984", his story begins to directly & strongly correlate to the Marxist Theory. This interpretation allows for us as readers to take advantage of this background-information slight-of-hand that he suggests subtly with his tone and assumptions. In the quote above, the narrator explains how the word 'free' has been socially outlawed, along with a collection of other words deemed necessary to society. The literal reading of this quote allows us to infer that there is a strict, high-level society playing a part in this role. This further leads us to question who this society is, and how they have the dictatorial power to filter these basically-humane rights of the normal citizens. I believe that the Marxist Theory relates very strongly to this section in particular if we draw a direct connection between the upper-class/lower-class idea of Marxism and the dictatorship/citizen roles respectively. This is a classic example in which the power-hungry society is controlling all aspects of basic living for its constituents.

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Quote :“ Look at him slicing up the carrots.Don’t you know how many women's lives,how many women's bodies,the tanks had to roll over just to get this far? Hobby,schmobby,my mother would say .You don’t have to make excuses to me .Once upon a time you wouldnt be allowed a hobby ,theyd have called you queer.”

Analysis:  In the handmaid's tale the main theme throughout the entire book is conforming to the stereotypical gender roles. This quote occurs in the time before the Republic of Gilead took over most of the United States. This shows that even before all the crazy religiously conservative measure were put into affect people where subject to assumptions based on actions. The fact the Luke is cooking here compares to the vast difference of what the men of Gilead do. Being that they are in the traditional role like working and providing for the family whereas the women are the ones who are forced to cook and clean again.

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Quote: "I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Like the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows, it is as though I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves or figments of their imagination, indeed, everything and anything except me." (Ralph Ellison)

Analysis: This quote shows how being invisible effected the main character of the book. He felt as if he wasn't even real and that despite himself being literally invisible that just no one could even acknowledge that he was even there. This took a phycological tole on his through out the book and could be a reason as to why he has a very self based morals system and does what he must to protect himself only.

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Quote: “Chapter 1 ... entirely irreconcilable” (Orwell 184).

Analysis: This quote directly discusses the structures of society throughout time. Goldstein believes that there will always be distinctions between people at equilibrium based on classes. His outlook on the world is a cynical parallelism to Marxist Theory as some are destined to be fortunate while others will get taken advantage of. In such a dystopian setting it is surely difficult to stay optimistic as your efforts are guaranteed to have a neutral net effect. This passage in conjunction with Marxist Theory directly highlights the grim plight faced by the characters of 1984 and serves as a warning to real world society as we hope newer to find ourselves in such a state: if we haven’t already.

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Literary Theory: Gender Theory and The Oedipus Cycles

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Literary Theory: Gender Theory and The Oedipus Cycles

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Quote: “But she was born of heaven, and you are woman, woman-born.” Antigone, Scene IV

I chose this quote as I believe it is a direct reflection of society’s idealistic image of women. We always compare one woman to another, and no matter who we compare ourselves and others to, we will never reach the impossible standards set by society. In this scene, the chorus is talking to Antigone, telling her that she is not a perfect woman, for she has sinned by being related to Oedipus. This is yet another example of unattainable standards set for women, as it is not possible to control who your biological father is, nor what he does.

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Literary Theory: Psychological, The Fault in Our Stars 

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Literary Theory: Psychological, The Fault in Our Stars 

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Quote:" According to Maslow, I was stuck on the second level of the pyramid, unable to feel secure in my health and therefore unable to reach for love and respect and art and whatever else, which is, of course utter 🤬: The urge to make art or contemplate philosophy does not go away when you are sick. Those urges just become transfigured by illness." (pg. 213)

In the novel, The Fault in Our Stars, the author John Green, writes about Hazel's insecurities that come with being ill and disable. Maslow's Theory as referred to in the book could be considered a psychological approach as her meeting ends with her insecurities in efforts to overcome them. We see this pattern of insecurities frequently throughout the book as she fears falling in love with Augusts Waters due to her feeling she I anything but capable of love because of her circumstances. This ongoing battle in her head causes for her to overthink most things.

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Literary Theory: Gender/ Feminism Theory and The Color Purple

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Literary Theory: Gender/ Feminism Theory and The Color Purple

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Quote: "The Olinka do not believe girls should be educated. When I asked a mother why she thought this, she said: A girl is
nothing to herself, only to her husband can she become something.
What can she become? I asked.
Why, she said, the mother of his children.
But I am not the mother of anybody’s children, I said, and I am something.
You are not much, she said." (Walker 76)

In the novel, The Color Purple, the author, Alice Walker, shares the story of a young girl who is subjected to abuse, racism and sexual assault. This quote depicts the essence of just how the people viewed women at the time. They discriminated females and believed that they were nothing with out a man. Throughout the novel, the protagonist, Celie, demonstrates the intense struggle for gender equality against unjust discrimination.

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Literary Theory: Gender/ Feminism Theory and Jordan Baker

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Literary Theory: Gender/ Feminism Theory and Jordan Baker

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Quote: “a slender, small-breasted girl with an erect carriage which she accentuated by throwing her body backward at the shoulders like a young cadet” (Fitzgerald 26).

In the novel, The Great Gatsby, the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, writes about the summer of 1922. During this time frame women were not equal to men, and they were commonly seen as objects. Nick Carraway refers to Jordan Baker in such disrespect in the way that he talks about her feminine features and nothing else. This just emphasizes the true thoughts of men at the time, especially since men felt so much better than women in their intelligence, thought process, and way of living. The men felt as if women shouldn't have a say in anything because they were there for the males pleasures and nothing more.

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Now and in the 1950's, the period where Bone, the main character of 🤬 out of Carolina, grew up in, young girls' minds are tainted by societies beauty standards. In the novel, Bone laments to herself that she "wanted to be more like the girls in storybooks, princesses with pale skin and tender hearts" (Allison, 536) and she "hated being nothing like the pretty girls with their delicate features and slender, trembling frames" (Allison, 537). Bone is not ugly by any means. Throughout the novel, her family praises her for her jet black hair, deep eyes, and strong features, all things Bone herself hates. Bone, just like girls today, is exposed to media which establishes a standard for beautiful women. This standard, even after 70 years, has not changed much. Young women still strive to be thin, small and pale, some unfortunately starving themselves in order to check all the boxes. Not only is Bone impacted by the media's opinion, but she is also impacted by the opinion of men, namely her stepdad, Glen. Despite being constantly complimented by her female family members, Bone only seems to hear Glen, who has called her ugly on multiple occasions, talked down upon her, and stared at her with disgust. Now and back then, women often base their self worth and their ideals of beauty off of what men want and desire, not what they personally want.

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Literary theory: The 1984 Marxist theory 

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Literary theory: The 1984 Marxist theory 

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Quote: "The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. What pure power means you will understand presently. We are different from all the oligarchies of the past, in that we know what we are doing. All the others, even those who resembled ourselves, were- cowards and hypocrites. The German Nazis and the Russian Communists came very close to us in their methods, but they never had the courage to recognize their own motives. They pretended, perhaps they even believed, that they had seized power unwillingly and for a limited time, and that just round the corner there lay a paradise where human beings would be free and equal. We are not like that. We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power. Now do you begin to understand me?"

Analysis: big brother uses the Marxist theory Throughout the entire book, the dystopian society Is set on a higher power which puts down the entire working class. This quote is used to explain this form of communism and in comparison to other communism, such as the german Nazi party.

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“His mind was crowded with memories; memories of the knowledge that had come to them when they closed in on the struggling pig, knowledge that they had outwitted a living thing, imposed their will upon it, taken away its life like a long satisfying drink.”

Jack is relishing in the hunt and enjoys taking the life of animals. This a complete contrast to the Jack who originally struggled to hurt an animal. The psychological effect of their situation is taken its toll on the mind of Jack who has reverted to a primal mindset. He views hunting as a rewarding game in which his victories saturate the thirst he feels to kill. He has become a beast in a sense, no longer bound by human emotion.

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Quote: “That’s right, now that you’ve had made us make such fools of ourselves. The effort, the preparations, all the expense! The new floor lamp, the rug, the clothes for Laura! All for what? To entertain another girls fiancé! Go to the movies, go! Don’t think about us, a mother deserted, an unmarried sister who’s crippled and has no job! Don’t let anything interfere with your selfish pleasure! Just go, go, go - to the movies!” (Williams, 96)
In this speech Amanda admits everything that she refused to in the rest of the play, her and Lauras need for Tom to stay, the unlikeliness of Laura marrying, and Toms similarity to his father. All of this family’s issues are rooted in stereotypical gender roles, and the failure of introducing the Gentleman Caller to Laura is the straw that breaks the camels back, cementing Laura as unable to marry and pushing Tom out of the house.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and A separate Peace

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Literary Theory: Psychological and A separate Peace

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Quote: “I don’t know, I must have just lost my balance. It must have been that. I did have this idea, this feeling that when you were standing there beside me, y— I don’t know, I had a kind of feeling. But you can’t say anything for sure from just feelings. And this feeling doesn’t make any sense. It was a crazy idea, I must have been delirious. So I just have to forget it. I just fell.”

Analysis: This quote shows psychological criticism because there is an underlying message of regret. Gene is trying to ask what Finny remembers from the fall to see if he already knows that it is because of him. This is similar to us asking our mom if she checked our grades before revealing we have a B. He was testing the waters to see what Finny already knew. Gene then proceeds to tell Finny what really happened what sends him into shock. Rather than bringing a resolution to the problem, Gene realizes he is causing Finny more harm than if he didn't know at all. There is a hidden message know that ignorance is bliss. Sometimes knowing less is knowing better. If gene didn't tell Finny that he pushed them off the tree, their friendship may have been better off.

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Quote attached below as well.
Quote:
"I had grand Ideas of the wealth and importance of ships in the City, and I began to think with awe, of having laid a young insurer on his back, blackened his enterprising eye, and cut his responsible head open. But, again, there came upon me, for my relief, that odd impression that Herbert Pocket would never be very successful or rich" (Dickens 22.72).

Analysis:
In this section Charles Dickens plays with the idea and social class, changing the roles a little. Pip seems to believe that he has a good idea of who becomes successful in their life and who doesn't. Needless to say, though, Pip has never experienced what it is like to truly have wealth and power, and therefor has no voice in the matter. Because Pip has only experienced poverty and and endless struggle for survival he has never been exposed to the effort it takes to become successful in the world. So, how did he know that Herbert had no chance when he himself has never seen that world other than the people of wealth that are around him? Dickens also includes an allusion here, the "City," in which the wealthy are often found. This is important because it ties the class separation discussed throughout the novel into this particular excerpt.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and The Talented Mr.Ripley

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Literary Theory: Psychological and The Talented Mr.Ripley

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Quote: "He hated becoming Thomas Ripley again, hated being nobody, hated putting on his old set of habits again, and feeling the people looked down on him and were bored with him unless he put on an act for them like a clown, feeling incompetent and incapable of doing anything himself except entertaining people for minutes at a time" (Highsmith, 179).
Analysis: The police are on to him, or "Dickie Greenleaf" that is, as the search for the "missing" Tom Ripley. He knows what he must do to keep himself safe and plans to go anywhere but Rome. As he packs for his trip, he has a moment to reflect on himself, even having a moment of true feeling, fear, which makes him all the more terrified. However, what bothers him the most is having to be himself once again. We are shown the hatred he has for himself, the character he plays for others, the real Tom Ripley for all to admire only when he is putting on his act. He knows himself for the low life con artist he is and wishes more than anything to be something more, something in the dreams of an average American. Tom has been willing to do anything to make that dream come true, but to go on he'll have to leave another character behind.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Ishmael Beah

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Ishmael Beah

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Quote: "Two weeks earlier, Leslie had told me that I was to be 'repatriated' and reinstated into normal society. I was to live with my uncle. Those two weeks felt longer than the eight months I had spent at Benin Home. I was worried about living with a family. I had been on my own for years and had taken care of myself without any guidance from anyone.I was afraid that I might look ungrateful to my uncle, who didn't have to take me in, if i distanced myself from the family unit. I was worried about what to do when my nightmares and migraines took hold of me." (179)

Analysis: Ishmael Beah, his personal journey, from being a child soldier to a advocate against child soldiers. His journey first starts as a simple preteen growing up in a rural  Sierra Leone town. He is than picked up by the army and turned into a ruthless child solider. After surviving, he is than "rescued" and rehabilitated. This process takes awhile, as he must cope with his demons of the past and keep them at bay. After being resettled with extended family, Beah becomes a speaker and educator about the affects of war on children. Also being an advocate against child soldiers.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Ethan Frome

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Ethan Frome

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Quote: "Silence answered; but in a minute or two he caught a sound on the stairs and saw a line of light about the door-frame, as he had seen it the night before. So strange was the precision with which the incidents of the previous evening were repeating themselves that he half expected, when he heard the key turn, to see his wife before him on the threshold; but the door opened, and Mattie faced him...."Well, Matt, any visitors?" he threw off, stopping down carelessly to examine the fastening of the stove. She nodded and laughed "Yes, one," and he felt a blackness settling on his brows. "Who was that?" he questioned, raising himself up to slant a glance at her beneath his scowl. Her eyes danced with malice. "Why, Jotham Powell. He came in after he got back, and asked for a drop of coffee before he went down home." The blackness lifted and light flood Ethan's brain. "that all? Well, I hope you mad out to let him have it." And after a pause he felt it right to add: "I suppose he got Zeena over to the flats all right?" "Oh, yes; in plenty of time." The name threw a chill between them, and they stood a moment looking sideways at each other before Mattie said with a shy laugh, "I guess it's about time for supper"" (Wharton, 33-34).

Analysis: Ethan Frome feels so tied to his wife but also so in love with Mattie that he sometimes struggles o separate one feeling from the other. The fear he feels in Mattie possibly being sent away because of Zenna finding out about his and Mattie's love gnaws at him and seems to sneak it's way into every conversation Mattie and Frome have, despite the topic of conversation. Mattie also seems to feel her inevitable leave is coming, but she seems to take it better and accept it while savoring what time she has left with Frome. Mattie and Frome's entire relationship is built upon the nagging sense of the end as soon as Zeena decides to take action against them.

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Literary Theory: Archetypal, Hercule Poirot

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Literary Theory: Archetypal, Hercule Poirot

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Quote: ""As to who killed him-" ... " but design."
Acknowledgment: The ending of the book, Murder on the Orient Express, is the central point of discussion and deconstruction of this post. Please read the book first if you so wish, I recommend it.
Context: From all of my prior padlet posts, detective Hercule Poirot fulfils the archetype of a hero in Agatha Christie's novel, Murder on the Orient Express. Poirot finds himself in the midst of a mystery on his way to another case. The mystery he finds himself in is of the murder of M. Ratchett, an american criminal named casetti who has fled to europe after buying his way out of jail with the ransom money he collected for the child (of the family name Armstrong, a very wealthy family) he had kidnapped and killed. The only suspects to the murder are the diverse and remarkably different passengers of the train car, and the staff of that car. Poirot must sort though the limited evidence provided from the crime scene, suspect testimonials, and examination of circumstance including the cross examination of all the passengers testimonials, to determine who the murderer is and solve the mystery. Here, in the last chapter of the book, Poirot is naming his conclusions, reveals his second theory (that is implied before being confirmed by the perpetrators) that all the passengers and the conductor Michel killed M. Ratchett, each colluding together in the murder, each getting a stab at Ratchett. Prior to the quote (the relation of the quote to the archetype will be explained in a later section), Poirot, out of a 'guess' in his words, quickly discovers the relations of all the passengers to the Armstrong family. Poirot was able to make this educated guess out of the clues and small details in the passengers speech and actions, using them to inform his conclusion that all the details conflicting so exactly would suggest that the murder was premeditated and coordinated.
Explanation and Analysis: As mentioned in my prior padlet posts, the Hero's Journey archetype is displayed in the novel quite clearly, however is under the mask of a mystery, obscuring the perception of it as archetypal. The part of the Hero's Journey that will be discussed here is the conclusion/resolution of the mystery/journey. The quote shows Poirot's final conclusion, then after being followed by his elaborate and detailed explanation of how he came to that conclusion with respect to all the evidence and information he was able to gather in his journey for the answer. The journey part of the Hero's Journey is filled with the lessons that will be necessary to overcome the final challenge or conflict of the story. In a mystery, the journey is more often called the investigation, looking for the answer to the central problem of the mystery, finding all the many clues that will lead to the discovery of the answers. What makes Murder on the Orient Express a special case in the terms of clues on the journey is how they function as clues in providing the answers to the mystery. The cules are, for nearly all of them, are intentional, being used in a plot as red herrings that are supposed to make the mystery impossible to solve. However, as evidence mounted to no conclusion, the fact that one piece of evidence being unintentional and all the rest for the purpose to make no clear answer, that ambiguity and confusion coupled with the evidence of the letter connecting all the suspects to a clear motive and relation, a premeditated plot to murder Ratchett is made quite obvious. Now, where normally, the morals or lessons being found during the journey, the lesson is found in the final moments of the book. Additionally, the clues or lessons are found to ultimately solve the mystery in a direct and literal fashion, the clues, being all evidence gathered and the fabricated characters of the suspects, in the book contribute to the solution inversely, in that the lack of real clues gave away the game of premeditated murder and revenge. This, in its entirety, is representative of the overall moral or lesson of the work as a whole, the final component to all examples of archetypal literature. That lesson being, multifaceted. Truth be told, there are many important ideas to the book as a whole, from questions of morality and justice, trial by jury, and the insufficiencies and inconsistencies of law and the justice system. All of these ideas pose the reader to draw their own conclusions and considerations for the questions, but the message relating to the archetype is (still related to those questions), the pursuit of "justice" as payment for serious injustice and wrong is not excluded from it's own crimes, but, being an act of justice, the objective truth of crime is hidden through those driven efforts for "justice".

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Literary Theory: Feminist Theory and Micheal

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Literary Theory: Feminist Theory and Micheal

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Quote: “Michael, Big Mom said, you run around playing like you’re a warrior. You’re the first to tell an Indian he’s not being Indian enough. How do you know what that means? You need to take care of your people. Smashing your guitar over the head of a white man is just violence. And the white man has always been better at violence anyway. They’ll always be better than you at violence.”

Analysis: In Sherman Alexie's novel, Reservation Blues, Micheal is an enormous, but mentally challenged guy that was just been released from prison. He is the infamous bully throughout the book and always looks for a way to tell someone off. This quote shows Big Mom put Micheal in his place by telling him he will never be as violent as the white people, showing the feminist attribute of Michael. Normally being the strongest male amongst the Indians, yet when up against the white men, Michael is weak and no comparison at all. This inability to be violent loses his foundation  of being a man.

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Device, Details, and Diction: Reservation Blues by Sherman Alexie

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Device, Details, and Diction: Reservation Blues by Sherman Alexie

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Device: In this part of the book, Alexie uses imagery to emphasize the brutality that the Indians were held to in the past. This imagery shows how cruel the soldiers were to Indians and allows for the reader to understand some one of many events that could occur. It reveals that the Indians were defenseless to the soldiers and subject to anything they would do.

Details: The author adds in big and distinct details to further emphasize the impact of such a horrible event. The details also expand on how Big Mom was feeling during the whole event,“wept as the soldiers rode away”. The details used on the soldiers were put for the sole purpose for the reader to understand that it had been the white people, not just any other random tribe or race.

Diction: In this quote, the author uses words like escape and fallen to show the actions going on. Big Mom said, “she saw the future and the past”. She’s referring to the impact of the soldiers in the past and how still as the Indians have no defense, she sees the future as well. Words like, “until one remained” emphasize the severity of the event, and that to which the power the soldiers hold above the Indians.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Okonkwo

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Literary Theory: Psychological Theory and Okonkwo

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Quote: “You think you ... say to you” (Achebe 135.)

Analysis: In this quote, Uchendu scolds Okonkwo for sulking about his recent exile. He tries to get Okonkwo back to normal by widening his perspective and reminding him that, in comparison, his suffering is minimal. This reveals a central flaw in Okonkwo’s nature as he has a very rigid mindset and fails to accept or at least consider change and alternative perspectives, which leads to his ultimate demise. This inability to adapt most likely came from, one, his narrow-minded goal of becoming traditionally successful and, two, his achievement of said goal. In this way, he has everything to lose and nothing to gain from change.

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quote: "It is fantine - still beautiful despite her wretchedness."

In Victor Hugo's novel, Les Miserables, Fantine is a character who endures great misfortune. She explains she used to be in love, but he left and she became pregnant, making her a harlot in the eyes of the novel's society. Due to women's' lack of power in comparison to men, following feminist theory, this put fantine into a great poverty when the word was spread.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Christopher

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Christopher

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Quote: "I said that it wasn't a proper book because it didn't have a proper ending because I never found out who killed Wellington so the murderer was still At LARGE." (Christopher 52) In the novel the curious incident of the dog in the night-time by Mark Haddon the main character Christopher has to come to the conclusion of needing to end his search of finding the murderer of the dead dog Wellington. He starts to be bothered a little later on, because all he wants to know is who killed Mrs.Shears dog and solve the case. Psychologically all he wants to do is end this search and not have to worry about a murderer on the streets and can kill anyone else any other time.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Anna Karenina

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Anna Karenina

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Quote: “The Karenins, husband and wife, continued living in the same house, met every day, but were complete strangers to one another. Aleksey Aleksandrovich made it a rule to see his wife every day, so that the servants might have no grounds for suppositions, but avoided dining at home. Vronsky was never at Aleksey Aleksandrovich's house, but Anna saw him away from home, and her husband was aware of it.” (Tolstoy, 404)

Analysis: The Karenins. The happy couple. The golden couple of this community. They aren’t as perfect and happy as people think. Out and about they kept that mask on, but behind closed doors they acted like they’d never met. The bad blood between them was boiling and it seemed to never cool. They even avoided their servants so they wouldn’t attack them with questions. One big thing that the public didn’t know, was of Anna’s continuous visits to Count Vronsky outside of their home. And Aleksey knew about it. It was terrible experience for all three of them, but they had to endure it for the sake of their reputation.

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Madeleine L’Engle’s A Wrinkle in Time is quite the feminist novel. The female protagonist, Meg Murray, is the hero of the story. The patriarchy thrives off of masculinity and the inferiority of women. However, the novel challenges the patriarchy by giving Meg, a female, the responsibility of rescuing her father, a man. By placing a woman into power, the roles of females are redefined. Rather than complying with a role designated by society, Meg determines who she is for herself. She questions things instead of accepting whatever she’s told; she’s curious, intuitive, and intelligent. Society says that women are supposed to accept what they are given, but the empowering female characters L’Engle has written do not succumb to the low, sexist standards of society.

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Informational Text:       The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

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Informational Text:       The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

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Quote from story:
"I was ever so glad to see Jim.  I warn’t lonesome now.  I told him I warn’t afraid of him telling the people where I was.  I talked along, but he only set there and looked at me; never said nothing.  Then I says:
“It’s good daylight.  Le’s get breakfast.  Make up your camp fire good.”

Quote from online source:
"Just as things become desperate for him, Huck discovers a friend in Jim, with whom he can negotiate the difficulties of nature and of society alike. With characteristic superstition, however, Jim, thinking that Huck was murdered, is afraid that Huck is a ghost."

MLA- Citation:
“Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Chapter 8 Summary & Analysis.” LitCharts, www.litcharts.com/lit/the-adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/chapter-8.

Connection:
Huck was wondering around when he encountered Jim and was he felt relief knowing he wasn't alone , I think both quotes are able to see that Huck just didn't want to be alone and he'd always had an okay relationship with Jim even though Jim was a slave and Jim was a young white boy
I think this scene is the most important scene because of the events that happen when they are together so every a action taken in this scene was detrimental to the entire book and both quotes are able to convey that.

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Diction Dissection:       The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn  

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Diction Dissection:       The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn  

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Quote:
Come, now, what’s your real name?”  “Wh—what, mum?”

"What’s your real name?  Is it Bill, or Tom, or Bob?—or what is it?” I reckon I shook like a leaf, and I didn’t know hardly what to do.  But I says:
“Please to don’t poke fun at a poor girl like me, mum.  If I’m in the way here, I’ll—”
“No, you won’t.  Set down and stay where you are.  I ain’t going to hurt you, and I ain’t going to tell on you, nuther.  You just tell me your secret, and trust me.  I’ll keep it; and, what’s more, I’ll help you.

Analysis :
In this scene Huck has dressed up as a girl to appear more vulnerable he and Jim figured that people are more willing to open doors and help girls rather than boys so after Huck dresses up he meets and older women he think that she has completely fallen for his trick but truth comes to show she didn't fall for it and was pretending to be tricked she then confronts him to obtain information fro him when it was supposed to be the other way around . She asks for his real names and tries to convince him by saying things like she'll keep his secret.

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Device, Diction, and Detail: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

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Device, Diction, and Detail: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

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Quote: A kind of cold shiver went through me, and then I struck out for her.  She was very deep, and I see in a minute there warn’t much chance for anybody being alive in her.  I pulled all around her and hollered a little, but there wasn’t any answer; all dead still.
Analysis: Diction:.The use of "her" " isn't talking about an actual human being its talking about the ocean the river and the boat the use of personification conveys Huck and Jim shock of how the feeling of sinking felt alive being so strong and sudden

Details:  We can see that Huck and Jim relationship is getting stronger as they have been through many things together

Devices: The author uses personification to help  relate ideas and objects to people, allowing for the author to convey his meaning more effectively and the way his characters feel.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 

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Literary Theory: Psychological and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 

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Quote "Jim never asked no questions, he never said a word; but the way he worked for the next half an hour showed about how he was scared. "

In this scene there's people after Jim and Huck since the women that was being kind and giving Finn snacks knows hes a boy just pretending to be a girl. The psychological part comes when he tells Huck to run Jim knows that if hes caught he'll be beat for running away ( Jim is the slave) This fear makes him shut down and focus in the goal of just getting away from those after them as fast as possible.

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Literary Theory: Psychological and Flowers for Algernon

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Quote: "Thinking about it now, I can understand why I was taught to keep away from women. It was wrong for me to express my feelings to Alice. I have no right to think of a woman that way-not yet." (Keyes 85).

This quote reveals to the reader of Charlie's thinking and his interactions with females after his surgery. He is psychologically changing and is slowly adjusting to being around women. He attempts to experience romantic relationships which he has never experienced before.  Charlie begins to second guess if he deserves to have love or not as he explores a relationship with Alice.

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Device, Diction, and Detail: Atlas Shrugged

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Device, Diction, and Detail: Atlas Shrugged

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Quote: "One by one, the men who had built new towns in Colorado, had departed into some silent unknown, from which no voice or person had yet returned... One after another, the men had vanished. There had been a pattern about it, which she felt, but could not define; she had become able to predict, almost with certainty, who would go next and when; she was unable to grasp the "why?" (Rand, 352)

Device: This quote includes a lot of foreshadowing of what is to possibly come for Dagny as she attempts to figure out why everyone is disappearing, perhaps not realizing that she could be next.

Diction: The phrases "vanished" "almost with certainty" and "unable to grasp" conveys Dagny's confusion and frustration for not being able to figure out what is happening to all of the fellow people who helped her build these towns.

Detail: The detail of Dagny specifically saying and continuously choosing to say the word men indicates that she herself does not believe that she will disappear, and does not truly understand why people are disappearing. Ayn Rand includes this detail to foreshadow to the reader the events soon to follow this event.

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Quote: "'We decided that it would be best for you to have some feminine influence. It won't be many years, Jean Louise, but before you become interested in clothes and boys-' I could have made several answers to this: Cal's a girl, it would be many years before I would be interested in boys, I would never be interested in clothes... but I kept quiet" (Lee 170).
After observing Scout's (Jean's) unladylike behavior, her Aunt decides to move in with her family in order to be a feminine influence for Scout. She strongly frowns upon how Scout has been brought up by Atticus, where she has been allowed to dress however and play outside instead of being inside with the maid, learning how to cook and sew, things every proper lady should learn to do. Aunt Alexandra believes that if she were to stayover and be a motherly, lady like presence, she could teach Scout all of these things, since Atticus has failed to do so. Scout isn't happy with this, since she doesn't care about looking pretty and boys liking her, she prefers to be outside playing in the dirt, something that society doesn't approve of for young girls. Scout believes that she can learn everything from their maid, Calpurina, but Aunt Alexandra doesn't think so, she believes that there needs to be a "real" feminine presence, only present if she's around.

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Quote: "You thought I was a good Party member. Pure in word and deed. Banners, processions, slogans, games, community hikes all that stuff. And you thought that if I had a quarter of a chance I'd denounce you as a thought-criminal and get you killed off?" (Orwell 197) In 1984 by George Orwell, Julia represents a trickster and a deceiver. Winston originally saw Julia as a "good Party member", due to her being in the Junior Anti-Sex League and a follower of the rules. However, she resented the Party and was not as moral as she was thought to be. She is an expert in tricking everyone around her into thinking that she is one of them. However, Winston is eventually able to see through this. This archetype emphasizes how not everything is quite as it seems, and that there is always more to the story.

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Quote:

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In the informational article "Lolita at 50", Stephanie Metcalf writes about Nabokov's expressive language of Humbert and the psychology behind his pedophilic mindset. She clarifies what the reader is meant to understand about Humber, saying "we are clearly meant to regard Humbert as a moral abomination, and even Humbert eventually concedes (it is one of the book’s most beautiful and unforgettable passages) that in exploiting Lolita he has gratuitously destroyed another human being." Metcalf explains the psychology of Humbert's insanity through his childhood trauma, "a bit of personal mythopoeics put forward by Humbert himself, who believes his (entirely natural) love for a young girl named Annabel when he was a young boy, and its brutally abrupt interruption, explains the origin of his adult nympholepsy."
This connects to the book Lolita by explaining the mindset Nabokov is creating for the reader and the background to Humbert's mental instability.
Source:
https://slate.com/culture/2005/12/the-disgusting-brilliance-of-lolita.html

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Literary Theory: Psychological Criticism and Humbert  

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Literary Theory: Psychological Criticism and Humbert  

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Quote: "I recognized a resemblance to the lovely, inane, lost look Lo had when gloating over a new kind of concoction at the soda fountain or mutely admiring my expensive, always tailor-fresh clothes. Deeply fascinated, I would watch Charlotte while she... made that national grimace of feminine resignation... which, in an infantile form, I had seen Lo making herself. We had highballs before turning in, and with their help, I would manage to evoke the child while caressing the mother."
(Nabokov, 76)
Humbert is seen here observing Lolita's mother and the shared characteristics between the mother and daughter, as well as a few being childlike. Although he married Charlotte just to be near her daughter, certain attributes about Charlotte remind him of Lolita. While Lolita is gone away at camp, he satisfies his desires by thinking mainly about the daughter while being with her mother.

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Literary Theory: Gender Theory and Blanche  

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Literary Theory: Gender Theory and Blanche  

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(Williams, 87)
In A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, Blanche DuBois, the protagonist, is a southern belle with self proclaimed "old-fashioned ideals"  (Williams, 91) of how women should act. In the quote below, she plays hard to get with a her date, Mitch. While she very much likes Mitch and his gentle demeanor, she doesn't want to  come off as easy by kissing on the first date or showing much affection. She acts coy and innocent now, but in reality, her true self is much more dirty. She pretends to fit the ideal of a respectable,  proper woman, yet she is actually quite a degenerate in the eyes of society. She has lost the family business, her previous husband, prays on younger men, and has quite the drinking problem. Much to her internal disappointment, she is not as lady-like as she hopes to appear. Her more modest approach with Mitch is representative of her efforts to curb this unacceptable behavior, yet she falls back on her old habits when she flirts with a young flower boy, displaying that she has not changed and is still just as corrupt as before she arrived in New Orleans.

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Literary Theory: Psychological Criticism and Alice 

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Literary Theory: Psychological Criticism and Alice 

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Quote from Book: “Thats the most important piece of evidence we’ve heard yet,’ said the King, rubbing his hands; ‘so now let the jury-‘ ‘ If any one of them can explain it,’ said Alice, I’ll give him sixpence. I don’t believe there’s an atom of meaning in it.’” (Carroll, pg. 140)

Quote from Another Source:
Source: Abigail Muscat
“Despite all the rules normally associated at a tea party and the pleasant socialising also associated with it, the tea party is nothing but a function of chaos in ‘Alice in Wonderland’! There are no rules here, and everyone present at the tea party is operating beyond social constraints.”

MLA citation:
Muscat, Abigail. “Alice in Wonderland Philosophy - What Does It All Mean?” Mookychick, 24 Sept. 2016, www.mookychick.co.uk/opinion/geek-girl/philosophy-alice-in-wonderland.php.

Connection: The first quote referring to the nonsense poem that was read meant to prove Alice guilty, yet at this moment Alice realizes that Wonderland is simply a world of nonsensical situations and beings. Alice has come to the conclusion that she must now leave Wonderland and return to somewhere more logical and fit to her standards. While in Wonderland she couldn’t make sense of anything, no matter how hard she tried to use her intelligence, it was no use. Like at the tea party where normally Alice wouldn’t be around such rude manners, she was here in this instance. Yet once this poem is read to her towards the end of the novel she knows exactly what to do, and that is to go home.

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Device, Diction, and Detail: Lord of the Flies

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Device, Diction, and Detail: Lord of the Flies

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Quote

“I don’t agree with all Jack said, but with some. ‘Course there isn’t a beast in the forest. How could there be? What would a beast eat?”

“Pig.”

“We eat pig.”
(Golding, 83)

Analysis

Diction: Golding chooses to use many quick questions in order to create a sense of uncertainty on what the “beast” could be. The children are listening to an account from the one of the younger kids about a beast they saw at night. They are trying to rationalize what he might of saw.

Device

In the quote, we also see foreshadowing being employed as the children deduce that a beast able to scare them would have to survive by eating the pigs present on the island. The children are the only ones hunting the pigs which implies that they are the beast that the younger child saw. It also foreshadows the eventual shift from man to beast we see in the children.

Detail

We see the children slowly realizing that they are the most dangerous thing left on the island. The children are aware of a “beast” but are unaware of what the beast it, unaware that the beast is themselves. The quote shows the reader how close the children are to becoming aware of their future.

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Devices, Details, and Diction: the alchemist 

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Devices, Details, and Diction: the alchemist 

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Quote: “ another dreamer’ said the ticket seller

Diction:  In this part of the story the author uses words like dreamer to show that a lot of people at this time want to travel and explore but are too scared. They want to do what they know will work and don’t like to take chances. They’re all dreamers, and the another emphasizes that they’re common.

Quote: in a part of the story he lists all the things he has learned about shepherding over the past two years.

Detail:  The author adds in this small but big detail to emphasize just how much effort and time the kid has put into shepherding. All the things he has learned and all the things he would inevitably give up if he were to follow his dream. He would have to leave the comfort of what he knows to follow what is meant for him.

Quote: “ Just as your grand date taught you. These are good omens. “

Device: metaphor: the king is comparing butterflies to good omen. As well as grasshoppers and lizards and four leaf clovers. He does this because the shepherd has to be able to see them and understand them to find his treasure. His calling. This metaphor gives readers an insight on what the shepherd must do and understand to find his treasure. It’s like a puzzle

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Devices, Diction, and Details: The Great Gatsby

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Devices, Diction, and Details: The Great Gatsby

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Quote: “He stared at me without a word and I knew I had guessed right about those missing hours. I started to turn away but he took a step after me and grabbed my arm.” (Fitzgerald, 190)

Analysis: F. Scott Fitzgerald the author of The Great Gatsby, states “I started to turn away but he took a step after me and grabbed my arm,” the device used here is imagery since it helps the reader visually see through their imagination what is actually going on through this scene. Fitzgerald before that then wrote, “I knew I had guessed right about those missing hours,” which portrays the hostile diction that led up to Nicks’s arm being grabbed, setting off a negative tone used by Nick Carraway in the novel. The imagery used in the last couple pages of the novel all enhances a very vivid image that shapes the readers understanding to the uptight tone, which then reflects on the diction used with the supporting details.

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Device, Diction, and Detail: A Separate Peace

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Device, Diction, and Detail: A Separate Peace

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Quote: "The effect of his injury on the masters seemed deeper than after other disasters I remembered there. It was as though they felt it was especially unfair that it should strike one of the sixteenyear-olds, one of the few young men who could be free and happy in the summer of 1942. I couldn’t go on hearing about it much longer. If anyone had been suspicious of me, I might have developed some strength to defend myself. But there was nothing. No one suspected. Phineas must still be too sick, or too noble, to tell them. 29 I spent as much time as I could alone in our room, trying to empty my mind of every thought, to forget where I was, even who I was. One evening when I was dressing for dinner in this numbed frame of mind, an idea occurred to me, the first with any energy behind it since Finny fell from the tree. I decided to put on his clothes. We wore the same size, and although he always criticized mine he used to wear them frequently, quickly forgetting what belonged to him and what to me. I never forgot, and that evening I put on his cordovan shoes, his pants, and I looked for and finally found his pink shirt, neatly laundered in a drawer. Its high, somewhat stiff collar against my neck, the wide cuffs touching my wrists, the rich material against my skin excited a sense of strangeness and distinction; I felt like some nobleman, some Spanish grandee."

Analysis: This section of text describes how Gene was devastated by what had occurred in the tree. He felt so bad for what he had done, and he wish he had not done it. He felt so guilty he even went to the extent of trying to ignore the fact that he is the reason Finny was hurt. Knowles uses imagery to describe how Gene is trying to now live the life Finny deserved. Because he mad Finny unable to complete normal tasks that he once was, Gene feels as if he must do what he inabled finny too. We see this as he tried on Finny's clothes and soaked in every detail absorbing the mundane tasks that Finny can no longer enjoy. Knowles also uses diction in words and phrases like "deeper", "free", and "happy" to show that Finny was once your average happy teenager, however due to the fall he was taken from the fun he used to have and became a nobody as his identity was now changed. Lastly the details of Gene trying on Finny's clothes really shows the magnitude of the amount of guilt he felt. He was spending his time reminiscing on what once was, full of guilt because he pushed Finny off the tree ending and ruining his childhood.

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Devices, Details, and Diction: The Color Purple

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Devices, Details, and Diction: The Color Purple

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Quote: “He never had a kine word to say to me. Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldn’t. First he put his thing up gainst my hip and sort of wiggle it around. Then he grab hold my 🤬. Then he push his thing inside my 🤬. When that hurt, I cry. He start to choke me, saying You better shut up and git used to it.“ (Walker, pg. 1)

Devices & Details: Walker uses intense imagery when describing the unbelievable pain and fear Celie had felt towards her father after being raped. Although the excessive use of sexual terms makes the scene very vivid, it allows the reader to realize just how intense and serious Celie’s situation was and how it deeply affected her. The author included such details about to 🤬 to attentively show just how the male characters can inflict brutality and inhumanity onto the female characters. By using these details to formulate a man’s cruel mindset in this book, the author begins to reveal how the women view the world and their own lives.

Diction: The diction shown in this same quote is to demonstrate just how poorly educated the characters are. The characters throughout the entire story use improper grammar and slang such as “kine” instead of “kind” or “git” instead of “get”. Walker is clearly able to depict the social conditions throughout the novel when using this specific diction. There are many examples of slang used by many characters to demonstrate the lack of confidence and ignorance which are delved into each character’s problems throughout the story.