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przykłady INDIRECT Q

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p.d na PONIEDZIAŁEK, przeczytajcie uważnie polecenie

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teoria: pytania "INdirect" czyli te grzeczne

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teoria: pytania "INdirect" czyli te grzeczne

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Pytania pośrednie stosujemy, gdy chcemy zapytać o coś w bardzo uprzejmy sposób. Jeśli nie lubisz zasypywać ludzi pytaniami bezpośrednimi, indirect questions bardzo dobrze wpasują się w codzienną komunikację. Gdzie je można stosować? Najczęściej Anglicy korzystają z nich w sytuacjach formalnych (np. rozmowa kwalifikacyjna o pracę) lub w korespondencji jeśli chcą zadać szereg pytań. Indirect questions przydają się również w Reported Speech (mowie zależnej).

GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ
Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online. Od dziś gramatyka angielska nie będzie dla Ciebie problemem. Ucz się szybciej i skuteczniej. Największy wybór książek do nauki zagadnień gramatycznych.
Zobacz ofertę

Aby zobrazować Ci różnicę spójrz na przykłady pytań bezpośrednich. To właśnie one są najczęściej wykorzystywane przez nas w komunikacji, także w języku polskim.

Where do you live? (Gdzie mieszkasz?)

Do you speak Spanish? (Mówisz po hiszpańsku?)

What is your name? (Jak się nazywasz?)

Will you visit us tomorrow? (Odwiedzisz nas jutro?)

Jeśli nie lubisz bombardować ludzi tego typu pytaniami, możesz rozpocząć swoją wypowiedź od poniższych wyrażeń:

Tell me ... - powiedz mi ...

Can you tell me ... - Czy możesz mi powiedzieć ...

Do you know ... - Czy wiesz ...

Could you explain ... - Czy mógłbyś wytłumaczyć ...

Do you happen to know ... - Czy przypadkiem wiesz ...

I'd like to know ... - Chciałabym wiedzieć

I wonder - Zastanawiam się ...

Do you have any idea ... - Czy masz pojęcie ...

I'm not sure ... - nie jestem pewny ...

I want to know ... - Chcę wiedzieć ...

I would like to inquire - Chciałabym zapytać ...

I'm curious ... - jestem ciekawa ...

Zajrzyj do środka
Zapamiętaj najważniejszą zasadę. W drugiej części zdania nie stosujemy formy pytającej (to nie przesłuchanie na posterunku policji). Zdania przyjmują formę twierdzącą; pamiętaj tylko o odmianie czasownika we właściwej formie. Aby nie popełnić błędu stosuj następujący szyk:

uprzejme wyrażenie - podmiot - czasownik - reszta zdania

Jeśli pytanie bezpośrednie rozpoczyna się od: what, why, where, how, when, how long itd. w pytaniu typu indirect questions pozostawiamy te formy (tłumacząc zdanie na język polski też je słyszymy). Jeśli zdanie wyjściowe zaczyna się od operatorów np. do, does, did, have/has wstawiamy spójnik if/ whether - jeśli. Kilka przykładów:

Direct question: When can I start? Indirect question: I'd like to know when I can start.

Direct question: Did you see the movie last weekend? Indirect question: I'm curious if/whether you saw the movie last weekend.

Direct question: Where should I send the documents? Indirect question: I'm not sure where I should send the documents.

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Indirect questions pytania pośrednie po angielsku - gramatyka online.

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Pytania pośrednie stosujemy, gdy chcemy zapytać o coś w bardzo uprzejmy sposób. Jeśli nie lubisz zasypywać ludzi pytaniami bezpośrednimi, indirect questions bardzo dobrze wpasują się w codzienną komunikację. Gdzie je można stosować? Najczęściej Anglicy korzystają z nich w sytuacjach formalnych (np. rozmowa kwalifikacyjna o pracę) lub w korespondencji jeśli chcą zadać szereg pytań.

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THE+ADJECTIVE= group of people, wtedy podmiot (kto,co) trakujemy jako liczbę MNOGĄ

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THE+ADJECTIVE= group of people, wtedy podmiot (kto,co) trakujemy jako liczbę MNOGĄ

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Some adjectives are used as nouns to describe groups of people. For example, when we refer to sick people, we can simply say the sick. The adjective takes the place of the noun and the noun that the adjective modifies is removed. Each of these adjectives must follow the definite the.

Examples:

The seaside resort is frequented by the rich and famous.

Every year, millions join the ranks of the unemployed worldwide.

There were complaints of inadequate facilities in the new toilets for the disabled.

There seems to have no plans to provide cheap housing for the homeless.

and the verbs that follow them must therefore be plural. Sometimes, the noun is a singular. Adjectives used as nouns without 'the'
The word the need not always have to follow the adjectival noun. It depends on how the adjectival noun is used in a sentence.
Possession of adjectival nouns .
The possession of adjectival nouns is not normally indicated by the use of an apostrophe s ( 's ). The correct way is to use of as shown here.

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Some adjectives are used as nouns to describe groups of people. For example, when we refer to sick people, we can simply say the sick. The adjective takes the place of the noun and the noun that the adjective modifies is removed. Each of these adjectives must follow the definite the.

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Exercise 3

Rewrite the underlined phrase using the + adjective or the + noun.

Well-known groups of people

We can use the + adjective (without noun) when we a referring to certain groups of people in general. For example, when we want to talk about people who are deaf, we can say the deaf, as an alternative to deaf people. You can see some examples below.

Other common adjectives used in this way are the deaf, the young, the disabled, the old, the needy, the divorced, the illiterate, etc.

Note that in English we don't use the article the when we are referring to things or people in general. We say I love flowers(NOT the flowers) when we talk about flowers in general. For this reason, when we use adjectives without nouns, as described above, we can always use two different structures:

the + adjective (without noun): the rich, the blind, the young, etc.

adjective + people (without the): rich people, blind people, young people, etc.

Nationalities

the + -ch, -sh, -ese, -ss

We can use the + nationality adjective ending in -ch, -sh, -ese, -ss to refer to all people of that nationality.

the + plural noun

Most other nationality words are nouns. The plural form is the same as the adjective +-s. With these nouns, we can use the + plural noun to refer to all the people of that nationality.

Singular reference with -ch, -sh, -ese, -ss: an Englishman.

When we want to refer to one person from a specific country, if the nationality adjective ends in - ch, -sh, -ese, -ss, we must add -man or -woman after it. We say an Englishman or an Englishwoman (NOT an English), a Frenchman or a Frenchwoman (NOT a French), an Irishman or an Irishwoman (NOT an Irish), etc.

There are several nationality adjectives ending in -ch, -sh, -ese, -ss that have special nouns to refer to a person from the country. We say a Spaniard (NOT a Spanishman), a Dane (NOT a Danishwoman), a Finn, a Scot, a Pole, a Swede, a Turk, etc.

When a special word exists, there are two possible ways of referring to all people of a nationality:

the + adjective: the Spanish, the Polish, the Swedish, etc.

the + plural noun: the Spaniards, the Poles, The Swedes, etc.

Singular reference for other nationalities

For other nationalities, the singular noun is normally the same as the adjective: Belgian → a Belgian, Moroccan → a Moroccan, etc.

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Adjectives without noun - Page 3 of 3 - Test-English

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Rewrite the underlined phrase using the + adjective or the + noun. We can use the + adjective (without noun) when we a referring to certain groups of people in general. For example, when we want to talk about people who are deaf, we can say the deaf, as an alternative to deaf people.

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second conditional- drugi okres warunkowy-> sytuacje hipotetyczne; UNlikely or IMpossible outcome

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second conditional- drugi okres warunkowy-> sytuacje hipotetyczne; UNlikely or IMpossible outcome

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Second Conditional – Grammar & Verb Tenses

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generalnie o czasownikach modalnych

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Czasowniki modalne to grupa czasowników, które cechują się pewnymi zależnościami. Zapamiętaj, że zawsze występują przed czasownikiem głównych oraz mają tę samą formę. Tworzą pytania przez inwersję oraz przeczenia z wykorzystaniem partykuły not. Aby szybko opanować ich szerokie zastosowanie warto podzielić je na poniższe kategorie:

GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ
Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online. Od dziś gramatyka angielska nie będzie dla Ciebie problemem. Ucz się szybciej i skuteczniej. Największy wybór książek do nauki zagadnień gramatycznych.
Zobacz ofertę

WYRAŻANIE MOŻLIWOŚCI I UMIEJĘTNOŚCI

Wyraża możliwość wykonania pewnej czynności w teraźniejszości.

Określa umiejętności i zdolności.

Często łączy się z czasownikami, które odnoszą się do zmysłów: feel, hear, see, understand, remember, smell.
COULD
To forma przeszła czasownika modalnego can.

Opis umiejętności w czasie przeszłym, która najprawdopodobniej powtarzała się wielokrotnie.

Podobnie jak forma can, czasownik modalny could łączy się z czasownikami percepcji.

Wyraża umiejętność i możliwość wykonania czynność, często z naciskiem na konkretną sytuacje, która była trudna.

Najczęściej wykorzystuje się be able to po innych czasownikach modalnych lub w czasach typu Perfect lub Future.

Po bezokoliczniku i formie gerund.

PRZYPUSZCZENIA I PRAWDOPODOBIEŃSTWO

Powyższe czasowniki modalne określają prawdopodobieństwo czy dana czynność będzie mieć miejsce w teraźniejszości lub przyszłości.

Jeśli jesteśmy pewni, że dana sytuacja lub zdarzenie będzie mieć miejsce.

Jeśli sytuacja jest niemożliwa i wyrażamy o tym przekonanie stosujemy czasownik modalny can't.

WYRAŻANIE KONIECZNOŚCI

Czasownik have to nie jest tak naprawdę czasownikiem modalnym, ale często jest stosowany w takim właśnie charakterze. Pamiętaj, że podlega zasadom gramatycznym jak zwykłe czasy. Wyraża: rozkaz lub nakaz, czyjeś polecenie, przepisy prawne

Wyraża konieczność, która wynika z naszego wewnętrznego przekonania. Wykorzystujemy ten czasownik modalny tylko w czsie teraźniejszym. W pozostałych przypadkach stosujemy formę have to.

Forma negatywna mustn't oznacza nie wolno, w związku z tym jeśli chcesz wyrazić, że nie musisz czegoś robić również używasz czasownik have to.

UDZIELANIE RAD

Jeśli chcesz udzielić komuś rady lub cennej wskazówki wykorzystaj te dwa czasowniki modalne. Zwróć uwagę, że ought to ma w sobie partykułę to i jest dużo bardziej formalne niż should.

Ta konstrukcja również jest stosowana gdy udzielamy pomocy. Ma jednak mocniejsze zabarwienie niż should i jesteśmy przekonani, że nasza sugestia będzie dobra dla innej osoby.

W tym przypadku tworzymy pytania z użyciem kilku czasowników modalnych, aby uprzejmie o coś poprosić. W skali formalności następują w takie oto kolejności:
Zajrzyj do środka
Możesz również skorzystać z wyrażenia would you like - chciałbyś ...?

Rozwiąż szybki test online ze znajomości Modal Verbs (czasowników modalnych). Powodzenia!

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Poznaj wszystkie czasowniki modalne: wyjaśnienia, ćwiczenia i testy

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Czasowniki modalne to grupa czasowników, które cechują się pewnymi zależnościami. Zapamiętaj, że zawsze występują przed czasownikiem głównych oraz mają tę samą formę. Tworzą pytania przez inwersję oraz przeczenia z wykorzystaniem partykuły not. Aby szybko opanować ich szerokie zastosowanie warto podzielić je na poniższe kategorie: GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online.

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użycie i ćwiczenia

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ZASTOSOWANIE

Opisujemy czynność dłuższą, niedokonaną, zazwyczaj dziejącą się w określonym momencie w przeszłości. Niejako osoba wykonująca daną czynność była w trakcie jej realizacji, a tym samym nie zakończyła jej.

He was working on a project at five o'clock yesterday.
Pracował nad projektem wczoraj o piątej.

Zaczął projekt przed piątą i w dalszym ciągu pracował nad nim - dłuższa czynność

Tło historii lub zdarzenia poprzedzające główne zdarzenie.

Zazwyczaj występuje w połączeniu z czasem przeszłym Past Simple. W takim przypadku Past Continuous wyraża czynność dłuższą, którą przerywa krótsze zdarzenie (czas Past Simple). Przeanalizuj dwa przykłady oraz komentarze do nich:

GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ
Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online. Od dziś gramatyka angielska nie będzie dla Ciebie problemem. Ucz się szybciej i skuteczniej. Największy wybór książek do nauki zagadnień gramatycznych.
Zobacz ofertę

The birds were singing and the day was beautiful. Suddenly I heard a horrible scream.
Ptaki śpiewały a dzień był piękny. Nagle usłyszałam przeraźliwy krzyk.

She was sitting in the office when her boss phoned.
Siedziała w biurze gdy zadzwonił jej szef.

Budujemy tło zdarzenia, które nagle zostaje zakończone przez inne ważne wydarzenie.
Czas Past Continuous jest często wykorzystywany do wyrażenia dwóch lub więcej czynności, które miały miejsce w tym samym czasie (często połączone spójnikiem while - podczas gdy).

Sarah was cleaning the kitchen while her mum was hoovering in the living room.
Sarah sprzątała kuchnię podczas gdy jej mama odkurzała w salonie.

Jak można zauważyć, zarówno czynność pierwsza jak i druga miały miejsce w tym samym czasie.

ZADANIA TWIERDZĄCE

Czas przeszły Past Continuous tworzymy w bardzo podobny sposób jak czas teraźniejszy Present Continuous. Jedyną zmianą jest użycie czasownika posiłkowego w formie przeszłej.

WAS/WERE - CZASOWNIK +ING

Popatrz na tabelkę:

I was

you were

he/she/it was

we were

you were

they were

W dalszej części zdania dodajemy końcówkę -ing do czasownika głównego.

Amy was doing her homework at 6 p.m.Amy robiła zadanie domowe o godzinie 18.

They were talking when we came.
Rozmawiali gdy przyszliśmy.

PYTANIA I PRZECZENIA

Pytania tworzymy poprzez przestawienie was/were przed osobę zaś przeczenia dokonuje się przy pomocy wasn't/weren't. Czasownikowi niezmiennie towarzyszy końcówka -ing.
Spójrz na poniższe przykłady:

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Czas przeszły Past Continuous: wyjaśnienie, ćwiczenia i testy online.

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ZASTOSOWANIE Opisujemy czynność dłuższą, niedokonaną, zazwyczaj dziejącą się w określonym momencie w przeszłości. Niejako osoba wykonująca daną czynność była w trakcie jej realizacji, a tym samym nie zakończyła jej. He was working on a project at five o'clock yesterday. Pracował nad projektem wczoraj o piątej.

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PR. CONTINUOUS konstrukcja, użycie

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1. gra z zaimkami
2. pytania homework
3. ćwiczenia z dodatkowych PHOTOCOPIABLES

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Often a noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun:

Premodifiers

But noun phrases can also include:

These parts of the noun phrase are called premodifiers because they go before the noun.

We use premodifiers in this order:

For example:

Postmodifiers

Other parts of a noun phrase go after the noun. These are called postmodifiers.

Postmodifiers can be:

the man we met yesterday
the housethat Jack built
the womanwho discovered radium
an eight-year-old boywho attempted to rob a sweet shop

He's still very fit, in spite of the fact that he's over eighty.
She gotthe idea that people didn't like her.
There was a suggestion that the children should be sent home.

These are very common after indefinite pronouns and adverbs:

There may be more than one postmodifier:

an eight-year old boy with a gun who tried to rob a sweet shop
that girlover there in a green dress drinking a Coke

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Often a noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun: But noun phrases can also include: These parts of the noun phrase are called premodifiers because they go before the noun. We use premodifiers in this order: For example: Other parts of a noun phrase go after the noun.

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(przeczytaj uważnie)

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Pytania pośrednie stosujemy, gdy chcemy zapytać o coś w bardzo uprzejmy sposób. Jeśli nie lubisz zasypywać ludzi pytaniami bezpośrednimi, indirect questions bardzo dobrze wpasują się w codzienną komunikację. Gdzie je można stosować? Najczęściej Anglicy korzystają z nich w sytuacjach formalnych (np. rozmowa kwalifikacyjna o pracę) lub w korespondencji jeśli chcą zadać szereg pytań. Indirect questions przydają się również w Reported Speech (mowie zależnej).

GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ
Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online. Od dziś gramatyka angielska nie będzie dla Ciebie problemem. Ucz się szybciej i skuteczniej. Największy wybór książek do nauki zagadnień gramatycznych.
Zobacz ofertę

Aby zobrazować Ci różnicę spójrz na przykłady pytań bezpośrednich. To właśnie one są najczęściej wykorzystywane przez nas w komunikacji, także w języku polskim.

Where do you live? (Gdzie mieszkasz?)

Do you speak Spanish? (Mówisz po hiszpańsku?)

What is your name? (Jak się nazywasz?)

Will you visit us tomorrow? (Odwiedzisz nas jutro?)

Jeśli nie lubisz bombardować ludzi tego typu pytaniami, możesz rozpocząć swoją wypowiedź od poniższych wyrażeń:

Tell me ... - powiedz mi ...

Can you tell me ... - Czy możesz mi powiedzieć ...

Do you know ... - Czy wiesz ...

Could you explain ... - Czy mógłbyś wytłumaczyć ...

Do you happen to know ... - Czy przypadkiem wiesz ...

I'd like to know ... - Chciałabym wiedzieć

I wonder - Zastanawiam się ...

Do you have any idea ... - Czy masz pojęcie ...

I'm not sure ... - nie jestem pewny ...

I want to know ... - Chcę wiedzieć ...

I would like to inquire - Chciałabym zapytać ...

I'm curious ... - jestem ciekawa ...

Zajrzyj do środka
Zapamiętaj najważniejszą zasadę. W drugiej części zdania nie stosujemy formy pytającej (to nie przesłuchanie na posterunku policji). Zdania przyjmują formę twierdzącą; pamiętaj tylko o odmianie czasownika we właściwej formie. Aby nie popełnić błędu stosuj następujący szyk:

uprzejme wyrażenie - podmiot - czasownik - reszta zdania

Jeśli pytanie bezpośrednie rozpoczyna się od: what, why, where, how, when, how long itd. w pytaniu typu indirect questions pozostawiamy te formy (tłumacząc zdanie na język polski też je słyszymy). Jeśli zdanie wyjściowe zaczyna się od operatorów np. do, does, did, have/has wstawiamy spójnik if/ whether - jeśli. Kilka przykładów:

Direct question: When can I start? Indirect question: I'd like to know when I can start.

Direct question: Did you see the movie last weekend? Indirect question: I'm curious if/whether you saw the movie last weekend.

Direct question: Where should I send the documents? Indirect question: I'm not sure where I should send the documents.

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Indirect questions pytania pośrednie po angielsku - gramatyka online.

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Pytania pośrednie stosujemy, gdy chcemy zapytać o coś w bardzo uprzejmy sposób. Jeśli nie lubisz zasypywać ludzi pytaniami bezpośrednimi, indirect questions bardzo dobrze wpasują się w codzienną komunikację. Gdzie je można stosować? Najczęściej Anglicy korzystają z nich w sytuacjach formalnych (np. rozmowa kwalifikacyjna o pracę) lub w korespondencji jeśli chcą zadać szereg pytań.

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Exercise about indirect questions in the present simple tense.

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Exercise about indirect questions in the past simple tense.

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can; could

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DWA ćwiczenia do zrobienia - indirect questions

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Before you practice using this worksheet, be sure to review the article on asking questions in English on our website.

Below each picture is a direct question. You want to ask in a more polite way. Choose the correct indirect question from the options under the picture.

What time is the party?

a) Could you tell what time is the party?
b) Do you know what is time the party?
c) Can you tell me what time the party is?

2.

How old is Greta today?

a) Do you know how old is Greta today?
b) I wonder how old Greta is today.
c) I would like to know how is old Greta today.

3.

What do you talk about on your radio show?

a) I would be interested to hear what do you talk about on your radio show.
b) Could you tell me what you do talk about on your radio show?
c) Do you mind telling me what you talk about on your radio show?

4.

How much does this job pay?

a) Could you tell me how much this job pays?
b) I wonder how much this job pay?
c) Do you mind telling me how much does this job pay?

5.

What time will you come home?

a) Do you know what time will you come home?
b) Can you tell me what time you will come home?
c) I wonder what time you come home will.

6.

Where do you buy your clothes?

a) Could you tell me where do you buy your clothes?
b) Do you mind telling me where you buys your clothes?
c) I would like to know where you buy your clothes.

7.

What kind of story are you writing?

a) I wonder what kind of story you are writing.
b) Can you tell me what kind of story are you writing?
c) Do you mind telling me what kind of story you writing are?

8.

Where is the trail to the top of the mountain?

a) Do you know where the trail to the top of the mountain is?
b) Can you tell me where is the trail to the top of the mountain?
c) I would like to know where the trail to the top is of the mountain.

9.

Why do you wear special sports clothes?

a) Could you tell me why do you wear special sports clothes?
b) I wonder why you wear special sports clothes.
c) I would like to know why you do wear special sports clothes.

10.

What are you celebrating?

a) Can you tell me what you are celebrating?
b) I wonder what are you celebrating.
c) Do you mind telling me what you celebrating are?

Exercise B

Use the parts of sentences from the list below to complete the indirect questions about each picture.

a) why they are running.
b) why she feels angry.
c) when we celebrate St. Patrick's Day?
d) why he has flowers and chocolates?
e) what happened to the car.
f) where the dog buried his bone.
g) why you are holding all those papers?
h) where he is carrying those books?
i) what time the train leaves?
j) why you want to work here?

1.

Do you know ________________________

2.

Could you tell me ________________________

Do you mind telling me ________________________

Can you tell me ________________________

I would like to know ________________________

Can you tell me ________________________

I would like to know ________________________

Exercise C

Under each picture is a direct question. Write the correct indirect question in the space provided.

1.

What will you give Dad for his birthday?

Do you know ________________________?

2.

What time do you want to have dinner?

Can you tell me ________________________?

3.

What kind of coffee do you like?

I would like to know ________________________.

Why do you enjoy watching television?

Do you mind telling me ________________________?

How did you solve the mystery?

I would like to hear ________________________.

How often does your telephone ring?

Can you tell me ________________________?

How much does this dress cost?

I would like to know ________________________.

Why do you want to be a policewoman?

Could you tell me ________________________?

Where do you eat lunch every day?

Do you mind telling me ________________________?

How often do you brush your teeth?

I would like to know ________________________.

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Before you practice using this worksheet, be sure to review the article on asking questions in English on our website. Below each picture is a direct question. You want to ask in a more polite way. Choose the correct indirect question from the options under the picture. What time is the party?

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JAK i KIEDY używamy PRESENT SIMPLE

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Czas teraźniejszy Present Simple: wyjaśnienie, ćwiczenia, testy online

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GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online. Od dziś gramatyka angielska nie będzie dla Ciebie problemem. Ucz się szybciej i skuteczniej. Największy wybór książek do nauki zagadnień gramatycznych. Zobacz ofertę ZASTOSOWANIE Czas teraźniejszy Present Simple jest jednym z najważniejszych czasów gramatycznych w języku angielskim.

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Platforma do nauki wraz z ćwiczeniami z języka angielskiego.

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!!!LISTA CZaSOWNIKÓW FRAZOWYCH, EGZAMIN

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Nie od dziś wiadomo, że Phrasal Verbs, czyli czasowniki złożone to jedne z ważniejszych aspektów języka angielskiego. Zdaję sobie sprawę z tego, że nauka angielskich czasowników frazowych do najłatwiejszych nie należy, ale myślę, że mam dla Ciebie kilka propozycji, które pomogą Ci uporać się z nimi raz na zawsze. Na dobry początek zapoznaj się z poniższym zbiorem najpopularniejszych czasowników złożonych. Jeżeli chcesz zostać ekspertem w swobodnej komunikacji z native speakerami, możesz także zapisać się na mój kurs internetowy Pokochaj Angielskie Czasowniki Złożone B1-B2 - jedyny taki kurs do samodzielnej nauki ponad 300 phrasal verbs. W odróżnieniu od wielu podręczników na platformie Anglokursy.pl uczysz się frazali z autentycznych tekstów, nagrań, quizów, podcastów i materiałów wideo.

Zachęcam Cię również do skorzystania z darmowego 4-dniowego minikursu - „Jak się nauczyć phrasal verbs?".Zdecydowana większość treści, które w nim znajdziesz, to rzeczy, o których nie pisałem na blogu Gettin' English.

PHRASAL VERBS CZASOWNIKI ZŁOŻONE W KONTEKŚCIE

Aby skutecznie opanować ich znajomość, należy uczyć się „frejzali" w pełnych zdaniach. Celowo nie przetłumaczyliśmy zdań na język polski, abyś mógł przeanalizować zdanie po zdaniu i poznać kontekst każdego z nich.

account for - wyjaśnić coś (podać powody)
„I have no idea how I can account for my strange behaviour"

answer back - pyskować, niegrzecznie odpowiadać
„Parents don't like it when children answer them back"

ask out - zapraszać kogoś na randkę
„Everyone knows that Peter wants to ask Nikki out."

back up - popierać kogoś
„Will you back me up in the school election?"

be into - lubić coś, interesować się czymś
„My elder sister is into cooking Italian dishes"

break down - zepsuć się
„My car breaks down every year. I think I'll need to change it"

break into - włamać się
„Somebody broke into their house last night and stole valuable paintings"

break out - wybuchać (np. o wojnie/ epidemii)
„The II World War broke out in 1939."

break up - zrywać (o związku)
„After five years of being with each other, they decided to break up."

bring up - wychowywać (dzieci)
„They tried to bring their children up in the best possible way"

brush up on - podszlifować, odświeżyć (np. znajomość języka)
„Instead of wasting my time, I should brush up on my English more often"

bump into - wpaść na kogoś/ napotkać
„You won't believe whom I bumped into yesterday. Our English teacher was at the party I went to."

call back - oddzwaniać
„When you're back home, please call me back as soon as possible."

call off - odwoływać (np. spotkanie)
„The headmaster called off today's classes because of the weather conditions."

calm down - uspokoić się
„Calm down or I will leave right now!"

carry on - kontynuować/ nadal coś robić.
„I admire my colleague, he carries on learning new things all the time."

catch up with - nadrabiać (zaległości)
„After so much time of not seeing each other, they have a lot to catch up with."

check out - sprawdzić coś
„Before we start cooperation with this company, we need to check them out."

cheer up - rozchmurzać się (nastrój)
„Hey Pam, cheer up! You shouldn't worry about this stupid thing!"

close down - zamykać (np. firmę)
„Because of the economic crisis they closed the factory down."

come across - natknąć się na
„As we were going down the hill, we came across a wolf!"

come back - wracać
„I can't wait when they finally come back home."

come down with - zachorować na
„It's typical for me to come down with flu every year."

come out - wychodzić na jaw/ być wydanym (o książce, filmie itp.)
„The latest record of Coldplay comes out next week."

come up with - wpaść na (np. pomysł)
„It was a bit difficult to come up with this idea"

count on - liczyć na kogoś
„George is someone you can count on. He's so helpful."

cut down on - ograniczać
„If you want to keep fit, you must cut down on sweets."

cut off - odciąć
„After the storm almost the whole town had their electricity cut off."

deal with - zajmować się czymś / radzić sobie z
„Now we're under pressure at work but we need to deal with that"

depend on - polegać na/ zależeć od czegoś
„It depends on how much money we can earn."

die out - wymierać
„Dinosaurs probably died out because of sudden climate changes."

do up - odnawiać (np. budynek) /zapinać (np. kurtkę)
„I suppose we will do the house up when the weather's better."

do without - obejść się bez czegoś
„My children can do without watching TV. I'm so happy about that."

draw back - wycofać się
„Even though they promised to help us, they drew back anyway."

drive at - zmierzać do czegoś/ próbować powiedzieć
„I have no idea what you are driving at."

drop in - wpadać z wizytą
„If you are in NY some day, don't forget to drop in."

drop off - podrzucić kogoś gdzieś po drodze/ zasnąć (uciąć komara)
„I can drop you off on my way home."

eat out - jeść na mieście
„If I don't cook at home, I usually eat out with my friends."

end up - znaleźć się gdzieś (nieoczekiwanie)
„We were looking for good restaurants and finally ended up in McDonald's."

eye up - przyglądać się komuś
„Peter is shy and he will always eye girls up instead of talking to them."

face up to - stawić czoła czemuś
„It's time we faced up to this sad matter. We cannot run anymore."

fall apart - rozlatywać się w kawałki
„My neighbour's child dropped my vase and it fell apart."

fall behind - zostawać z tyłu
„I was lazy and now I've fallen behind all my classmates."

fall for - zakochiwać się w kimś
„Martin falls for every girl he sees. He's not responsible."

fall off - spadać z
„While I was riding a horse, suddenly I fell off it and broke my arm."

fall out with - pokłócić się
„We shouldn't fall out with each other about such a stupid thing."

fill in - wypełnić (np. druk)
„First fill in here and sign at the bottom of the page, please."

figure out - wymyślić, rozwiązać coś
„I spent a lot of time on this task but then I figured it out."

find out - dowiadywać się
„Can you tell me how you found out about their secret wedding?"

fit in - wpasować się
„Even though he was new in the office, he quickly fitted in."

get away with - wywinąć się, uchodzić płazem
„I'm sure this time he will not get away with it and get punished."

get back to - wracać z powrotem do jakiejś czynności
„There's no time for gossiping! Let's get back to work."

get on - wsiadać
„I got on the bus and went to the city centre."

get on with - mieć dobre relacje z kimś
„I really get on well with my neighbours."

get off - wysiadać
„I didn't know at which bus stop I had to get off so I was late."

get over - pokonać, przezwyciężyć
„Amy had lots of problems but with our help she got them over."

get up - wstawać z łóżka
„What time do you usually get up?"

give out - rozdawać
„The girls in the street were giving out colourful leaflets."

give up - rzucić coś, poddawać się
„The doctor told me to give up smoking. I know I must do it for myself."

go by - mijać
„I can't believe that time goes by so fast."

go off - wybuchać (o bombie) / gasnąć (o światłach) / psuć się (o jedzeniu)
„The lights went off so we had to use candles."

go on - dziać się, kontynuować
„At first I didn't know what was going on outside."

go through - przeglądać
„I'll go through these reports quickly to see if there are no mistakes."

grow up - dorastać
„We grew up in a small town in Kansas."

hang on - czekać
„Hang on a minute. I'll show you what I've found."

hang out - spędzać czas
„I sometimes hang out with my relatives."

head for - zmierzać do
„Excuse me Sir, where are you heading for?"

hear from - otrzymać od kogoś wiadomość
„I haven't heard from Kate for a long time."

hold on - zaczekać
„Please hold on, I'll see if Mr Brow is in his office."

hurry up - pośpieszyć się
„Hurry up if you don't want to miss your school bus."

keep away - trzymać się z dala
„Keep away from any addictive substances."

keep on - robić coś nieprzerwanie
„If you keep on telling such silly jokes, I'll leave."

keep up with - dotrzymywać kroku, nadążać za czymś/kimś
„If you don't want to be left behind, keep up with the rest of us."

laugh at - śmiać się z
„Stop laughing at me! It's not funny."

let down - zawodzić kogoś
„How can I trust them if they let me down all the time."

let off - odpuścić/ darować komuś
„This is not your first mistake. Why should I let you off?

live up to - sprostać czemuś / spełnić oczekiwania
„It was always difficult for me to live up to my teacher's expectations."

look after - opiekować się
„Will you look after my dog while I'm on holiday?

look around - rozglądać się
„Can I help you? Thanks, I'm just looking around."

look down on - patrzeć na kogoś z góry / pogardzać
„I don't like people who look down on others just because they're poor."

look for - szukać
„What are you looking for in this box?"

look forward to - wyczekiwać / nie móc się czegoś doczekać
„I look forward to opening Christmas gifts."

look out - uważać
„Look out, the car is going to hit the tree."

look up - sprawdzać (np. w słowniku)
„If I find a word I don't understand, I just look it up in a dictionary."

look up to - podziwiać kogoś
„Teenagers look up to their idols."

make out - zrozumieć / rozgryźć coś
„Janet has always been a secretive person. I can't make her out."

make up - pogodzić się z kimś / malować się
„After a bad argument, they finally made up."

make up for - wynagrodzić komuś coś
„Sorry for everything I did to you. You can be sure that I'll make up for all this."

move in/ out - wprowadzić się / wyprowadzić się
„Before we move in, we'll need to paint the walls."

move on to - przejść do czegoś
„Can you move on to the next point?"

note down - zapisać
„Oh and don't forget to note down the following things on the list!"

operate on - operować kogoś
„The doctors operated on Ellen last Tuesday. Now she's fine."

opt for - wybierać
„So have you opted for the right doctor?"

pass away - umrzeć
„Her uncle passed away at the age of 50."

pass out - zemdleć
„The air in the room was so stuffy that one of the guests suddenly passed out."

pay off - spłacić (np. dług)
„I got some extra money from parents so I can pay off my student loan."

pick on - czepiać się kogoś / dokuczać
„One of my school mates used to pick on me but I didn't care about that."

pick up - podłapać (język)/ podnieść / odebrać (np. z lotniska)
„As I was staying at my friends' in London, I tried to pick up some English slang."

put off - odłożyć coś na później
„I don't think we'll do it on time. Why don't we put it off?"

put on - zakładać na siebie (ubranie)
„Don't forget to put on a cap, it's cold outside."

refer to - odnosić się do czegoś/ zaglądać do
„Before I make a decision, please let me refer to some formal regulations."

rely on - polegać na kimś
„You can't deny you couldn't rely on me in difficult situations!"

ring up - dzwonić / telefonować
„As soon as you hear this message, please ring me up."

run away - uciekać
„The moment they saw the fire, they ran away from the building."

run out - wyczerpać się / skończyć się
„I'm afraid we've run out of sugar. Will you borrow some from Mrs Berry?"

run over - przejechać / potrącić
„Some woman was run over by a drunk driver but she is fine."

save up - oszczędzać
„Every month I try to save up some money for my summer holiday."

see off - odprowadzać kogoś / żegnać się / wyruszyć w podróż
„A lot of my friends came to the station to see me off."

set up - założyć (np. firmę)
„I needed a lot of money and luck to set up this business."

show up - pojawiać się
„Peter didn't expect Rachel to show up at the party."

show off - chwalić się / popisywać się czymś
„Just because he's rich, it doesn't mean he must show off so much."

sort out - rozwiązać (np. problem)
„I will need more time to sort out what mistakes were done."

switch on/off - włączyć / wyłączyć
„Could you switch the lights on, please?"

take after - przypominać kogoś/ być podobnym
„Look, he takes after his father so much!"

take back - cofać coś, co się powiedziało / odszczekać
„You'd better take back what you said about her or you'll regret it."

take in - oszukać, nabrać kogoś
„I can't believe he took me in again. How can I trust him?"

take off - zdejmować (np. ubranie) / startować (o samolocie)
„The plane is about to take off in a couple of minutes."

take up - zacząć coś robić (np. nowe hobby) / podjąć się czegoś
„Did you know that Martin took up yoga classes?"

talk into - namawiać kogoś / przekonać
„They want to talk us into going to the party late at night but it's a stupid idea"

tell off - skarcić / besztać
„Her mother told her off when she heard that she was dating an older man."

think over - przemyśleć coś
„First we must think this issue over. Then we'll make the final decision."

throw away - wyrzucać coś
„I don't need those clothes, I'll throw them away or give to someone."

try on - przymierzać (o ubraniu)
„Why don't you try on this lovely green shirt?"

turn on/off - włączać / wyłączać
„Could you turn off the radio while I'm talking on the phone, please?"

turn down - ściszać / odrzucać (np. zaproszenie, ofertę pracy)
„I'm not going to work with my brother-in-law. I turned down his job offer."

wake up - obudzić się
„She usually wakes up at 7 a.m. on weekdays."

warm up - rozgrzewać się
„By the time you jump into cold water, warm up a bit."

watch out - uważać
„Watch out! I'm carrying a hot pot so please open the door for me."

write down - zapisać
„Write down on the shopping list everything I'll tell you."

work out - znaleźć rozwiązanie/ wydedukować / ćwiczyć (np. na siłowni)
„This task isn't easy at all. How will we work it out on our own?"

wrap up - pakować / zakończyć
„Let's wrap up this project for today. I'm to tired to continue."

ANGIELSKIE CZASOWNIKI ZŁOŻONE - ĆWICZENIA ONLINE

Phrasal Verbs A-C

Phrasal Verbs L-N

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Phrasal Verbs w języku angielskim - czasowniki złożone | lista słówek

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Nie od dziś wiadomo, że Phrasal Verbs, czyli czasowniki złożone to jedne z ważniejszych aspektów języka angielskiego. Zdaję sobie sprawę z tego, że nauka angielskich czasowników frazowych do najłatwiejszych nie należy, ale myślę, że mam dla Ciebie kilka propozycji, które pomogą Ci uporać się z nimi raz na zawsze.

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mała porcja PHRASAL VERBS w ćwiczeniu, przetłumacz (słowni DIKI) i zrób ćwiczonko

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PV015 - Phrasal Verbs

Gap-fill exercise

Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. You can also click on the "[?]" button to get a clue. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or clues!

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Created with Hot Potatoes by Half-Baked Software, registered to Klaus Rosmanitz.

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PV015 - Phrasal Verbs - English Grammar Exercises

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Platforma do nauki wraz z ćwiczeniami z języka angielskiego.

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przechodnie (z dopełnieniem) vs. nieprzechodnie czas. fraz.

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przetłumacz phrasale w niebieskich ramkach

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czy już ogarniasz present simple

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Here's a mixed present simple exercise with 'be' and other verbs (includes positive and negative sentences and questions).

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PHRASAL VERBS, czyli czasowniki frazowe

Czasownik+ przyimek = wtedy czasownik zyskuje zupełnie nowe znaczenie, którego NIE można się domyślić, trzeba się go nauczyć. Czasami jeden phrasal verb ma wiele znaczeń co zobaczycie analizując poniższe obrazki:

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Choose the present simple or the present continuous.

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Another exercise about the present simple or the present continuous.

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użycie PAST SIMPLE (trzeba pobrać obraz)

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użycie PAST SIMPLE (trzeba pobrać obraz)

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Przeczytaj wstęp do PAST simple, zrób quiz

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Dziś chcemy zachęcić Cię do intensywnej, ale przyjemnej nauki czasu przeszłego Past Simple. Poznaj zasady, wyjaśnienie i na przykładach sprawdź jak szybko zapamiętasz Past Simple. Dodatkowo, po zakończeniu tej lekcji możesz przerobić nasze ćwiczenia na mówienie z czasem przeszłym. Zupełnie nowa formuła uczenia się czasu przeszłego tylko i wyłącznie na Gettin' English.

GRAMATYKA ANGIELSKA DA SIĘ LUBIĆ
Koniecznie sprawdź jakie publikacje czekają na Ciebie w naszym sklepie online. Od dziś gramatyka angielska nie będzie dla Ciebie problemem. Ucz się szybciej i skuteczniej. Największy wybór książek do nauki zagadnień gramatycznych.
Zobacz ofertę

ZASTOSOWANIE

Czas Past Simple jest czasem przeszłym i służy do opisania czynności wykonywanej w przeszłości. Czynność ta nie ma w żaden sposób związku z teraźniejszością i nie wywiera żadnego wpływu na to co się dzieje teraz.

Czasowniki, które występują w czasie Past Simple dzielą się na czasowniki regularne (tworzone poprzez dodanie końcówki -ed; gdy czasownik kończy się spółgłoską - e, dodajemy tylko końcówkę -d) oraz na czasowniki nieregularne (tych czasowników musisz się nauczyć na pamięć).
Należy pamiętać, że czasu Past Simple użyjemy do określenia czynności, które odbyły się w przeszłości i zostały zakończone.

Użyjemy czasu Past Simple również wtedy, gdy:

opisujemy czynność, która już się wydarzyła, np.:

Marry and I saw each other yesterday.
Mary i ja widzieliśmy się wczoraj.

My sister was born in 2001.
Moja siostra urodziła się w 2001 r

mówimy o osobach zmarłych, które już nie mogą wykonać żadnej czynności, np.:

Michael Jackson recorded a lot of great songs.
Michael Jackson nagrał dużo świetnych piosenek.

gdy zaczynamy zdanie od słówka when - kiedy, a tym samym oczekujemy odpowiedzi z konkretnym określnikiem czasu w czasie przeszłym, np.:

ZDANIA TWIERDZĄCE

Jak już wiesz zdania twierdzące w czasie Past Simple tworzy się poprzez zastosowanie czasownika w drugiej formie, które dzielimy na czasowniki regularne i nieregularne.

CZASOWNIKI REGULARNE - końcówka -ed
CZASOWNIKI NIEREGULARNE - II kolumna czasowników nieregularnych

PYTANIA I PRZECZENIA

Pytania i przeczenia tworzymy poprzez dodanie operatora did. Operator ten jest formą przeszłą od czasownika do. Gdy użyjemy operatora did czasownik główny przybiera postać formy podstawowej! Wyjątkiem od tej reguły jest tworzenie pytania poprzez inwersję, czyli wtedy, gdy stosujemy szyk przestawny ( bez użycia operatora did.)
Przeczenia natomiast tworzymy przez dodanie partykuły 'not'.

Jeśli już mowa o czasie przeszłym Past Simple, warto również wspomnieć o konstrukcji used to/would. Więcej informacji znajdziesz na naszej stronie.
Na zakończenie jeszcze jedna przydatna wskazówka. Charakterystyczne dla czasu Past Simple są poniższe okoliczniki czasu:

a week/ month/ year ago - tydzień/ miesiąc/ rok temu

last month/ year - w zeszłym miesiącu/ roku

yesterday - wczoraj

the day before yesterday - przedwczoraj

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Czas przeszły Past Simple: wyjaśnienie, ćwiczenia i testy online.

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Dziś chcemy zachęcić Cię do intensywnej, ale przyjemnej nauki czasu przeszłego Past Simple. Poznaj zasady, wyjaśnienie i na przykładach sprawdź jak szybko zapamiętasz Past Simple. Dodatkowo, po zakończeniu tej lekcji możesz przerobić nasze ćwiczenia na mówienie z czasem przeszłym. Zupełnie nowa formuła uczenia się czasu przeszłego tylko i wyłącznie na Gettin' English.

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past simple TO BE

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This free exercise is about making the past simple (also called the simple past tense) with 'be' - positive, negative and question forms.

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Past Simple ćw. 1

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Mixed Exercise 1

This time you can practise all forms of the past simple (positive, negative and question).

Click here to review how to make the English past simple.
Click here to download this exercise in PDF (with answers)

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This is the first of four exercises to practise making all forms of the past simple.

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Babka podzieliła czasowniki NIEregularne w grupy (żeby było łatwiej)

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Angielskie czasowniki nieregularne cz. 1

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nauka nieregularnych dla muzykalnych

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Learn English ESL Irregular Verbs Grammar Rap Song! StickStuckStuck with Fluency MC!

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ciekawe wskazówki, jak się uczyć języka

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Angielski za free z Olivią. To może Wam się przydać!

EDIT Z DNIA 2 KWIETNIA:

Postanowiliśmy krótko podsumować lekcję angielskiego z Jankiem Meissnerem i Wiktorem Jodłowskim. Oto, co radzą początkującym i średnio zaawansowanym.

Pamiętajcie, nie ma jednej uniwersalnej metody ( universal method) nauki języka obcego. Znajdź swój własny sposób, zwróć uwagę na to, co lubisz. Kochasz książki - czytaj je po angielsku. Lubisz seriale? Oglądaj je w tym właśnie języku (na początku z napisami). Pomaga Ci spisywanie słówek, to też dobra myśl!

Nasi nauczyciele wskazują cztery metody skutecznej edukacji:

Immersja

Tłumaczenie zdań

Tandemy

Aplikacje

O immersji słów kilka
Zanurz się w języku. Postaraj się czuć, jak native. Otaczaj się angielskim. Oglądaj seriale, programy, audycje, filmy w target language (języku docelowym). Jak najwięcej słuchaj! Nieważne, że na początku nic bądź niewiele zrozumiesz. Korzystaj z audiobooków. Bądź cierpliwy i konsekwentny, w końcu słówka wejdą Ci w krew. Niech Twoim numerem jeden stanie się język Szekspira! Masz jakąś pasję? Zgłębiaj ją po angielsku.
Janek poleca: radio.garden Tłumaczenie zdań
Słuchaj, mów, powtarzaj. Staraj się wyłapać całe zdania. Korzystaj ze słuchowisk i podcastów. I pamiętaj, ćwicz. Twój aparat mowy musi się przyzwyczaić do innego układu języka czy ust.
Janek poleca: languagePOD101 Tademy
Inaczej, nauka w parze. Spróbuj się wymienić (też wiedzą i kompetencjami). Ucz rodzimego języka, a niech ktoś uczy Cię angielskiego. Znajdź rozmówce, tandem-partnera, który Cię przeprowadzi przez angielski, wskaże zwyczajowe zwroty, poprawi wymowę, itp. To buddy (kumpel).
Janek poleca: Grupa na FB Language Exchange Club Gdansk (Trojmiasto) Aplikacja:
Chcesz zacząć mówić? Potrzebujesz słów! Wykorzystaj każdą wolną chwilę. Zamiast patrzeć w okno czy przeglądać FB, korzystaj z aplikacji, kursów online, poznawaj słowa, wyrażenia, zwroty.
Janek poleca:
Przyda się:

Podsumowanie lekcji przez Janka

Graficzne podsumowanie (WOW!) lekcji by Iza Kosior

Słówka z webinara z Jankiem; dla początkujących i średnio zaawansowanych (by Ela Nowak)

A tu słówka z webinara z Jake'iem Jephcottem, dla zaawansowanych (by Ela Nowak)

I słówka z webinara z Pottsem Hamishem, dla zaawansowanych (by Ela Nowak)

Pamiętajcie, organizujemy bezpłatne webinary językowe dla początkujących i średnio zaawansowanych (we wtorki) oraz zaawansowanych (w czwartki). Widzimy się o 19:00 na FB Olivii.

Kontakt

Olivia Business Centre
Olivia Star (3. piętro)
al. Grunwaldzka 472C
80-309 Gdańsk
biuro@oliviacentre.com
+48 58 739 61 00

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Angielski za free z Olivią. To może Wam się przydać! - Olivia Business Centre

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EDIT Z DNIA 2 KWIETNIA: Postanowiliśmy krótko podsumować lekcję angielskiego z Jankiem Meissnerem i Wiktorem Jodłowskim. Oto, co radzą początkującym i średnio zaawansowanym. Pamiętajcie, nie ma jednej uniwersalnej metody ( universal method) nauki języka obcego. Znajdź swój własny sposób, zwróć uwagę na to, co lubisz. Kochasz książki - czytaj je po angielsku.

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historia ciekawego przypadku, przetłumacz wytłuszczone i zaznacz formy przeszłe czasowników

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historia ciekawego przypadku, przetłumacz wytłuszczone i zaznacz formy przeszłe czasowników

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tekścik do przeczytania + 4 ćwiczenia

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przeczytajcie ten tekścik o byciu leniuszkiem po prostu, nauka chociaż 8 nowych, przydatnych słówek będzie sukcesem. GOOD LUCK!

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Jeśli lubisz czytać opracowane artykuły po angielsku (B1), mamy dla Ciebie zupełnie nowy e-book do pobrania. Czytaj ulubione publikacje z sekcji Angielski na Poziomie B1 i rozwiązuj kreatywne ćwiczenia. Sprawdź, jak szybko opanujesz słownictwo i poprawisz umiejętność czytania ze zrozumieniem. A teraz dowiedz się, czy jesteś couch potato.
Zajrzyj do środka
ARE YOU A COUCH POTATO?

Research has shown that many television addicts are also couch potatoes. Couch addiction has existed for a long time but it is now time to look at it due to the indirect or direct health problems that it may bring. Sitting or lying down on that couch may cause health problems such as hemorrhoids, cellulite and deep vein thrombosis among others. A couch potato could also suffer from obesity, boredom and laziness. It is important to know whether you are one of the greatest lazy-bones.

If you have a couch in the bedroom, one in the TV room, one in the office and another one in the verandah, you are a couch addict. Just admit it, you enjoy sitting down a lot and not only on any chair, but on the couch. Another sign is when you visit a friend or enter an office and you promptly start looking for a couch.

If you do all your activities while seated on the couch, then you are a couch addict. Do you surf while on the couch? Do you read and eat on the same sofa? Do you watch telly on the couch and even sleep on it till midnight? If the answer to these questions is yes, then you need to learn how to stop the obsession with the sofa. It may cost you your good health.

If your couch has a dent, then you might be an addict. The dent is formed on the area where your bottom touches the cushion. A big dent shows that you spend most of your time seated or lying down on the sofa. The solution does not lie in buying new cushions but in deciding to control your habit.

ĆWICZ UMIEJĘTNOŚĆ CZYTANIA ZE ZROZUMIENIEM PO ANGIELSKU
Jeżeli chcesz poćwiczyć czytanie po angielsku zachęcamy Ciebie gorąco do zapoznania się z bogatą ofertą opowiadań i kryminałów po angielsku, na każdym poziomie zaawansowania.
Zobacz ofertę

You are a couch addict if every time you arise from the couch your back aches a little. Something tells me that you must have spent a lot of time on sofas to such an extent that the shape of your back and body changed or was misaligned. Sleeping on the couch or sitting on it may alter the shape of your body since the cushions are soft. Hard surfaces are usually good for healthy sleep and well maintained body structure.

With this information, you should be able to know whether you are a couch potato or not. If you are one, aspire to take the necessary steps for the sake of your health. So, where are you going out today?

SŁOWNICTWO

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Opracowane artykuły po angielsku - matura, FCE, TELC

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Jeśli lubisz czytać opracowane artykuły po angielsku (B1), mamy dla Ciebie zupełnie nowy e-book do pobrania. Czytaj ulubione publikacje z sekcji Angielski na Poziomie B1 i rozwiązuj kreatywne ćwiczenia. Sprawdź, jak szybko opanujesz słownictwo i poprawisz umiejętność czytania ze zrozumieniem. A teraz dowiedz się, czy jesteś couch potato.

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quiz gramatyczny

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Free gamified quizzes on every subject that students play in class and at home. Pick an existing quiz or create your own for review, formative assessment, and more.

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p.d 1 z past simple

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This past continuous tense (sometimes called the past progressive) exercise includes the positive, negative and question forms.

Click here to review how to make the past continuous.
Click here to download this exercise in PDF (with answers)

Try some more exercises about the past continuous here:

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This is a mixed exercise about the past continuous (or past progressive) tense.

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p.d 2

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This past continuous tense (sometimes called the past progressive) exercise includes the positive, negative and question forms.

Click here to review how to make the past continuous.
Click here to download this exercise in PDF (with answers)

Try some more exercises about the past continuous here:

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Here's another mixed exercise about the past continuous (or past progressive) tense.

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Click here for all the exercises about modal verbs

When we talk about ability, we mean two things.

First, we mean general ability. This is something that once you have learned you can do any time you want, like being able to read or swim or speak a language, for example.

The other kind of ability is specific ability. This mean something that you can or can't do in one particular situation. For example, being able to lift something heavy, or find somewhere you are looking for.

Present:
can / can't (for both general and specific ability)

I can play the piano.

She can speak English.

He can't drive - he's too tired.

We can't come now.

Past:
could / couldn't (for general ability)

I could read when I was four.

She could speak French when she was a child, but now she has forgotten it.

He couldn't dance at all until he took lessons.

My grandfather couldn't swim.

was able to / couldn't (for specific ability)

When the computer crashed yesterday, I was able to fix it.(not 'I could fix it')

She was able to pass the exam, even though she hadn't studied much.(not 'she could pass')

He called us because he couldn't find the house.

I couldn't open the window.

could + have + past participle (an ability someone had in the past, but didn't use)

I could have played the piano well but I didn't practise enough.

We could have come earlier.

She could have studied law, but she preferred to become a secretary.

Future:
will / won't be able to (general ability)

At the end of the course, you will be able to make your own website.

He won't be able to speak Japanese in a week! It will take months.

can / can't (specific ability)

I can help you tomorrow

I can't come to the party

Need more practice? Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses.

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Click here for all the exercises about modal verbs When we talk about ability, we mean two things. First, we mean general ability. This is something that once you have learned you can do any time you want, like being able to read or swim or speak a language, for example.

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ex. on modal verbs of ability

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English grammar exercise about modal verbs of ability

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phrasal verbs for daily routines + ćwiczenie powyżej (word)

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Talking about Daily Routines with Phrasal Verbs

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Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

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Students >Solutions >Pre-Intermediate >Grammar >Exercise 1 - must, mustn't, and needn't

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must, mustn't and needn't

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In this lesson, you will learn about asking questions in English.

Click Here for Step-by-Step Rules, Stories and Exercises to Practice All English Tenses

We ask questions to get information.

There are two types of questions in the English language: direct and indirect.

Direct questions are used to try to get information.

When we write a direct question, we always end the sentence with a question mark ( ? ). The question mark signals to the reader that the sentence is a question.

Examples:

Indirect questions are also used to try to get information, but are a polite and longer form of direct questions. They are sometimes said as a statement and written with a period instead of a question mark.

Examples:

Mom wants to know if you are hungry.

Could you tell me where the bathroom is, please?

Do you know what her name is?

I was wondering if you knew the population of this city.

Can you tell me where you live?

Asking questions in English -
direct questions

There are four main categories of direct questions, depending on the kind of answer you expect: Yes/No questions, WH questions, alternative questions and tag questions.

1. Yes/No questions

To form a direct questions with a yes or no answer, we use auxiliary verbs, which are also called helping verbs.

An auxiliary (or helping) verb is a verb that is used together with another verb to express the action or state.

In questions, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject of a sentence.

Let's practice making Yes/No questions from these sentences:

To make these sentences into questions, we need to add the auxiliary verb doesor dobefore the subject.

The verb like always goes after the subject of the question. Do not add an 's' to the word like.

Correct: Do you like the chocolate? Do you likes the chocolate?

Correct: Does she like her gift?
Incorrect: Does she likes her gift?

If the sentence is in past tense form (it already happened), use the auxiliary verb did. Did is the past form of do or does.

The verb like does notchange when the question is in past tense form.

Correct: Did you like the chocolate?
Incorrect: Did you liked the chocolate?

Correct: Did she like her gift? Did she liked her gift?

auxiliary verbs
We can also ask direct questions using the can or.

Let's practice by making questions from the four sentences below using the auxiliary verbs can and be:
We can turn these sentences into yes/no questions like this:

2. WH Questions

3. Alternative Questions

Alternative questions are another type of direct questions.

Alternative questions require an answer chosen from the options given in the question. These types of questions always contain the connecting word or.

4. Tag Questions

A tag question is a statement followed by a short question. Tag questions are very common in the English language and are used to ask if you agree with the statement.

Tag questions are written in this form:

statement + tag + ?

Asking questions in English -
indirect questions

Indirect questions are also used to try to get information. However, we use indirect questions if we want to ask a more personal or formal question.

Indirect questions are more polite than direct questions.

Indirect questions can start with introductory phrases such as these:

Can you tell me . . .

Could you tell me . . .

I would be interested to hear . . .

I would like to know . . .

Would you mind telling me . . .

I wonder . . .

When forming an indirect question, use an introductory phrase followed by about, a WH word or if. Then add the subject and the rest of the sentence.

You do not need to use an auxiliary verb.

Examples: (Direct => Indirect)

Correct: Where is the bathroom? => Can you tell me where the bathroom is located?

Incorrect: Can you tell me where isthe bathroom located?

Correct: When does the next bus arrive? => Do you know when the next bus arrives?

Incorrect: Do you know when the next bus arrives?

Correct: What is his name? => Would you mind telling me his name?

Incorrect: Would you mind telling me do you know his name?

Indirect questions can also be said in the form of a statement. These types of indirect questions are used to try to get information and end with a period.

Examples: (Direct => Indirect)

Do you like chocolate? => I would like to know if you like chocolate.

What do you like about your job? => I wonder if you could tell me what you like about your job.

Where is your home? => I can't remember the address of your home.

These were the ways to form questions in English. Now that you know about asking questions in English, it is time to practice! Read and do exercises.

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In this lesson, you will learn about asking questions in English. Click Here for Step-by-Step Rules, Stories and Exercises to Practice All English Tenses We ask questions to get information. There are two types of questions in the English language: direct and indirect. Direct questions are used to try to get information.

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Shops and shopping online worksheet for Pre intermediate. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf.

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w stopniowaniu

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A small number of adjectives are irregular in the way they make comparative and superlative forms.

The normal (regular) way to make comparative and superlative adjectives is to add or use , like this:

big → bigger → biggest

expensive → more expensive → most expensive

Irregular adjectives use completely different forms. Note, however, that some adjectives can be both regular and irregular, sometimes with a slight change in meaning. The most important irregular adjectives are listed in the table below.

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A small number of adjectives are irregular in the way they make comparative and superlative forms. The normal (regular) way to make comparative and superlative adjectives is to add or use , like this: big → bigger → biggest expensive → more expensive → most expensive Irregular adjectives use completely different forms. Note, however, that some adjectives can be both regular and irregular, sometimes with a slight change in meaning.

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Comparison and contrast are expressed by the use of the...the... with comparative adjectives in parallel clauses. This structure is used to show proportionate increase or decrease.

Structure: the + comparative adjective + clause + the + comparative adjective + clause

The more adventurous it is, the more I like it. (NOT The more it is adventurous, the more I like it.)

The less I see him the more I like him.

The more he reads, the less he understands.

The older we grow, the wiser we become.

The higher you climb, the colder it gets.

The richer one grows, the greater one's worries.

The less you spend, the more you save.

The sooner they go, the better it is.

A short form of this structure is used in the expressions 'the more the merrier' and '...the better'.

'How do you like your coffee?' 'The stronger the better.'

'When should I start?' 'The earlier the better.'

Note that in this structure, the means 'by that much'.

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Comparison and contrast are expressed by the use of the...the... with comparative adjectives in parallel clauses. This structure is used to show proportionate increase or decrease. Structure: the + comparative adjective + clause + the + comparative adjective + clause The more adventurous it is, the more I like it.

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The ... the ... comparatives - Test-English

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Grammar exercise to revise the structure the ... the ... + comparative adjectives. Rewrite the sentences using a the … the ... comparative form.

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Adjective order

Native speakers often learn how to order adjectives intuitively through years of exposure and practice rather than through formal study. They develop a natural sense of what 'sounds right' without necessarily knowing the rules that govern these choices. However, for students of English as a second language, mastering the order of adjectives can be quite challenging. As you can see in the grammar chart above, there's a handy mnemonic (OSASCOMP) that can help you remember the usual sequence. Fortunately, it's rare that you'll need to use many adjectives together, and when you do, the context of the sentence often guides the correct placement, making communication clear and effective even if the order varies slightly.

Opinion vs fact adjectives

Opinion adjectives express what the speaker thinks of something, e.g. nice, handsome, brilliant, etc., and fact adjectives give us information about something such as age, size, colour, material, etc.

When we use two or more adjectives together, opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives.

Order of fact adjectives

When we use two or more fact adjectives together, they normally go in the following order:

1. OPINION: wonderful, terrible, lovely

2. SIZE: small, huge, tiny

3. AGE: ancient, new, young

4. SHAPE: round, square, oblong

5. COLOUR: green, bright, pale

6. ORIGIN: Victorian, American, Turkish

7. MATERIAL: wooden, metallic, cotton

8. PURPOSE: racing, sleeping, cooking

Determiners

Before any adjective-noun combination, we use one or more determiners, which may include articles, possessives, demonstratives, numbers or quantifiers: a, the, some, any, this, my, her, one, ten, many, few, etc.

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Adjective order in English. Upper-intermediate English grammar exrcises. Review the order of adjectives in the English sentence.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Participles as adjectives (-ed/-ing adjectives)

Exercise 1

Choose the correct option for each sentence.

-ed/-ing adjectives

Participial adjectives can be distinguished by their endings, either -ed or -ing. They come from verbs and they are called participial adjectives because they have the same endings as verb participles.

Original verbs

Many verbs that we can use to express feelings or emotions can be turned into adjectives.

Walking up the stairs tires me too much. I'll take the elevator. (from tire ⇒ tired / tiring)

You are boring me. Please stop talking. (from bore ⇒ bored / boring)

The announcement surprised everyone. (from surprise ⇒ surprised / surprising)

-ed adjectives

-ed adjectives are used to describe how people feel. They cannot be used with things, because things have no emotions.

We're tired. Can we stop running?

I'm bored. Let's play cards.

I was surprised to see her.

-ing adjectives

-ing adjectives are used to talk about the things or people that produce those feelings in people.

Running is very tiring. We don't want to run.

This film is very boring. Let's play cards.

Her visit was very surprising. We weren't expecting her.

Note that a few of these adjectives don't have an -ing ending; they have an irregular form: offended ⇒ offensive (NOT offending); stressed ⇒ stressful (NOT stressing); delighted ⇒ delightful; impressed ⇒ impressive; scared ⇒ scary.

The following are some of the most common verbs expressing feelings and emotions and their present and past participial forms.

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Participles as adjectives (-ed/-ing adjectives) - Test-English

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Participles as adjectives. Participial adjectives. -ed -ing adjectives. Upper-intermediate English grammar. Amazed - amazing, bored - boring, etc.

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Download this explanation in PDF here.

We often use 'so' and 'such' to mean 'very' or 'really'. It makes the sentence stronger and shows that there is a high level of something.

We use 'so' before an adjective or adverb (without a noun).

She was so beautiful (= she was very beautiful).

He ran so quickly (= he ran very quickly).

The food was so delicious (= the food was really delicious).

The children spoke French so well (= the children spoke French very well).

We use 'such' before a noun or an adjective + a noun. If there is 'a' or 'an', it goes after 'such'.

She was such a beautiful woman (= she was a very beautiful woman).

NOT: 'she was a so beautiful woman'.

NOT: 'she was a such beautiful woman'.

He got such a good time in the race (= he got a very good time in the race).

It was such delicious food (= it was really delicious food).

The children spoke such good French (= the children spoke really good French).

When we use 'such' directly with a noun, it's often a noun that shows our opinion.

He's such a genius! (= he's a real genius / he's very clever).

You're such a teacher! (= you act in a typical way for a teacher).

We don't use a word like 'this' or 'those' or 'your' or 'his' before 'so' and 'such'. 'So' and 'such' come directly after the verb.

NOT: This so beautiful city. (Instead say 'this city is so beautiful'.)

NOT: Your so helpful friend. (Instead say 'your friend is so helpful'.)

We can use 'so... that...' and 'such... that...' to show that there is a certain result. (We can't use 'very' or 'really' in this way.)

It was so cold that the pond froze (= because it was very cold, the pond froze).

She felt so tired that she fell asleep on the train (= because she was very tired, she fell asleep on the train).

It was such an expensive meal that he didn't spend any money for the rest of the month (= because it was a very expensive meal, he didn't spend any money for the rest of the month).

They have such a lot of books that they need to store some of them in the garage (= because they have really a lot of books, they need to store some of them in the garage).

We can drop 'that' when we use 'so' and 'such' in this way.

It was so cold the pond froze.

She felt so tired she fell asleep on the train.

It was such an expensive meal he didn't spend any money for the rest of the month.

They have such a lot of books they need to store some of them in the garage!

We can use 'so' and 'such' to mean 'to this level' or 'as ... as this'.

He isn't usually so late (= he isn't usually as late as this).

I don't often drink such a lot of coffee (= I don't often drink as much coffee as this).

We use 'so' before 'much / many / little / few' with and without a noun. This shows that the amount is really a lot or really little. As usual, we use a plural noun after 'many' and 'few' and an uncountable noun after 'much' and 'little'.

I ate so much.

I ate so much cake.

He had so many.

He had so many books.

Why did you eat so little?

He had so few friends that he was very lonely.

We can use 'such' before 'a lot (of)'. Again, such comes before 'a'. (We sometimes see 'such a little + noun' but that is when 'little' is just a normal adjective: 'this is such a little flat'.)

He has such a lot of books.

I ate such a lot of cake.

Try an exercise about 'so' and 'such' here.

Other Uses of So and Such
Here are a few more idiomatic uses of 'such' and 'so' that are slightly different from what we have already seen.

Such + noun = a certain type or kind of (this is quite formal)

I'd never heard such music before. (= I'd never heard this kind of music before.)

No such + noun = the noun doesn't exist

Ghosts? There's no such thing!

As such (formal) = in the normal meaning of the word. We usually use this in the negative ('not as such')

We're not going to have dinner as such, but there will be plenty of snacks. (= we're not going to have a normal dinner, but ...)

A: Is Lucy your boss now? B: Not as such (= not exactly) but she does work for the same company.

Such as = for example / like

A: We should get a film for tonight. B: Such as? (= please give an example of a film)

Cities such as London are becoming more powerful politically (= cities like London ...).

And such / and so on = and more similar things

He likes winter sports â€" snowboarding and skiing and such.

He likes winter sports â€" snowboarding and skiing and so on.

So = a certain amount / size

It was so big (= it was the size I'm showing you with my hands).

There's only so much time (there's only a certain amount of time).

So = something that has already been said

A: Is dinner ready? B: I hope so (= I hope that dinner is ready)

Is that so? (= is that right?)

Or so = approximately

I think there were fifty people or so at the party (= I think there were approximately fifty people at the party).

See also the page about 'neither' and 'either' (coming soon!) for more about 'so'.

Try another exercise about 'so' and 'such' here.

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24.11

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Now, listen again and follow along with the script below.
​ Listen again and fill in the missing words. (Use a pen and paper to write your answers.)
​(Scroll down to the bottom of this page to check your answers.)
Work with a partner and continue the conversation between Tom and his father. Act out the conversation for your other classmates.
​
Tom: I think Sweety Sugar Flakes is the best!

ANSWERS How much do you understand?
1. B (fruit) 2. C (both Tom and his Dad) 3. A (TRUE) 4. A (ingredients) 5. C (healthy food)

ANSWERS Listening Gap-Fill Activity
1. list 2. apples 3. aisle 4. hate 5. breakfast 6. boring 7. choose 8. label 9. cart 10. sugar 11. box 12. best

Click on the image below to get instant FREE access to lots more SUPERMARKET on my TOPICS site!

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Now, listen again and follow along with the script below.​ Listen again and fill in the missing words. (Use a pen and paper to write your answers.) ​(Scroll down to the bottom of this page to check your answers.) Work with a partner and continue the conversation between Tom and his father.

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Too, too much, too many, enough

Exercise 1

Choose too, too much, too many, enough to complete the sentences below.

Too, too much, too many, enough - Grammar chart

Too

Before an adjective/adverb

We use too before an adjective or an adverb to mean 'more than we need' or 'more than is necessary'.

Too much

Before an uncountable noun

We can use too much before uncountable nouns to mean 'more than we need' or 'more than is necessary'.

After a verb

We can also use too much after a verb.

Too many

Before a plural noun

We use too many before plural nouns to mean 'more than we need' or 'more than is necessary'.

Enough

Before a noun

We can use enough + noun to say that something is the correct number or amount.

In negative sentences we use (not) enough + noun to say that something is less than we want or we need.

After an adjective/adverb

We can use adjective/adverb + enough to mean 'sufficiently'.

In negative sentences we can use (not) adjective/adverb + enough to mean 'less than we want' or 'less than necessary'.

After a verb

We can also use verb + enough.

Too, too much, too many, enough + to + infinitive

In English we often use to-infinitive with the expressions too, too much, too many, enough.

Be careful with these common mistakes!

Don't use an adjective after too much

I'm too tired to study now. (NOT: I'm too much tired.)

Don't confuse the word too (=more than enough) with the word very.

I think she is very beautiful. (NOT: I think she is too beautiful.)

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Too, too much, too many, enough - Test-English

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Too, too much, too many, enough. A2. Pre-intermediate English grammar and exercises. Learn when to use these basic quantifiers in English.

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Too / Enough

Too and Enough

Examples

Use of too and enough

1. Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs:

ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH or ADVERB + ENOUGH

Examples:

He isn't to watch this program.
We're not walkingquickly enough.

2. Enough may also precede nouns:
ENOUGH + NOUN
Examples:

3. Too comes before adjectives and adverbs:

TOO + ADJECTIVES or TOO + ADVERBS

Examples:

4. Too may also come before nouns when it is used with the expressions too much and too many.

a. Too much is used before uncountable nouns.
TOO MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Example:

There is too much salt in this food.

b. Too many is used before countable nouns
TOO MANY + COUNTABLE NOUNS
Example:

There are too many students in this classroom.
See more about countable and uncountable nouns
Related pages

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1. Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs: ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH or ADVERB + ENOUGH Examples: He isn't to watch this program. We're not walkingquickly enough . 2. Enough may also precede nouns: ENOUGH + NOUN Examples: 3. Too comes before adjectives and adverbs: TOO + ADJECTIVES or TOO + ADVERBS Examples: 4.

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praca domowa enough combined with nouns and adjectives

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praca domowa enough combined with nouns and adjectives

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Quality ESL grammar worksheets, quizzes and games - from A to Z - for teachers & learners TOO and ENOUGH

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27.11.2020 jedzenie, czytanie ze zrozumieniem

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27.11.2020 jedzenie, czytanie ze zrozumieniem

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Download this explanation about 'used to' in PDF.

'Used to + infinitive':

We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don't do in the present. We also use it to talk about states in the past which are no longer true. For example:

I used to have long hair (but now I have short hair).

He used to smoke (but now he doesn't smoke).

They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).

Watch out! With the negative and the question it's 'use' and not 'used':

Did you use to be a teacher?

Did he use to study French?

She didn't use to like chocolate, but she does now.

I didn't use to want to have a nice house.

Note! With this 'used to' there is no verb 'be'. We CAN'T say 'I am used to have long hair'. Try an exercise about 'used to + infinitive' here.
'Would + infinitive'

We can also use 'would + infinitive' to talk about a habit or repeated action in the past. We usually use 'would + infinitive' in this way when we're telling a story about the past. So, we can say:

When I was a student, we would often have a drink after class on a Friday.

When I lived in Italy, we would go to a little restaurant near our house.

However, we don't use 'would + infinitive' to talk about states in the past. So, if we're talking about the past, we CAN'T say: Try an exercise about 'used to' and 'would' here.
'Be used to':

We use 'be used to + verb-ing' to talk about things which feel normal for us or things that we are accustomed to:

I'm used to getting up early, so I don't mind doing it (= getting up early is normal for me, it's what I usually do).

My little daughter is used to eating lunch at noon. So she was grumpy yesterday when we didn't eat until one.

Note that we make the negative or the question with the verb 'be' in the normal way. The 'used to' doesn't change:

Lucy isn't used to staying up late, so she's very tired today.

Are your children used to walking a lot?

We can also use 'be used to + noun', which has the same meaning:

I've lived in the UK almost all my life, so I'm used to rain (= rain is normal for me).

That football team always lose, so they're used to disappointment!

We can put the verb 'be' into any tense. So we can talk about things in the past or the future as well as the present using this expression:

It was difficult when I first started university, because I wasn't used to the amount of work we had to do.

Soon I'll be used to driving in London and I won't be so frightened!

We can use 'get used to + verb-ing' to talk about the change of not normal to normal. We can also use this in any tense:

Don't worry if your new job is hard at first. You'll get used to it.

It took me a while, but I got used to speaking another language every day.

It took me a few months to get used to living in Japan. At first everything seemed very different, but then gradually it became normal for me.

Try an exercise about 'be used to' here. Click here for a list of all the verb patterns exercises.

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Used to - Grammar Chart

Used to + infinitive

Repeated actions in the past

We can use used to + infinitive to talk about past habits or things that we did repeatedly in the past.

Situations or states that are no longer true

We can use used to + infinitive to talk about situations or states (stative verbs) which were true in the past, but they are no longer true.

Used to, didn't use to, did you use to

The negative form of used to + infinitive is didn't use to..., and we make questions with did you use to ...

I usually do (NOT I use to do)

Used to only has a past form. If we want to talk about present habits or things that we do repeatedly in the present, we should use usually, normally, often with present simple.

Be used to

If you are used to something or to doing something, you are accustomed to it. Maybe it's something that is new, strange or difficult, but you have done it for some time and now you don't find it new, strange or difficult any more. Be used to is a state, so it is never used in continuous forms. It's normally used in simple tenses.

Get used to

If you get used to something or to doing something, you become accustomed to something. Get used to something is the process of becoming used to something.

Used to + infinitive, be/get used to + -ing

The past verb used to is always followed by infinitive. The word to is part of the infinitive.

After be used to, or get used to, we use a noun or a - ing verb. The word to is a preposition, not part of an infinitive. That is why when a verb follows, it must take the - ing form.

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Usually, used to, be used to, get used to - Test-English

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Usually, used to, be used to, get used to. Present and past habits and states, and repeated situations. English intermediate grammar exercises.

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Woodward English - Learning English - Teaching English

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Conditional Sentences and IF clauses - Introduction

Conditional sentences consist of two parts:
The if-clause (which is a condition) and the main clause (which is a result)
For example:

If it rains, we will cancel the trip.

If it rains .... is the if-clause (the condition)
An if-clause begins with IF and has a subject and a verb.

We will cancel the trip .... is the main clause (the result)

If introduces a condition. This is something that may or may not happen, depending on the circumstances.
We don't know exactly if it is going to rain so we say... IF it rains,

And what is the result of this condition? We will cancel the trip.

There is always a condition and a result.
The IF-clause introduces a condition. The main clause is the result of that condition.
What happens in the main clause is conditional to what happens in the if-clause. In other words, the main clause only happens when the events in the if-clause happen.

Note: There are two ways of ordering a conditional sentence.

Condition, + Result (with a comma after the condition) .... OR ...
Result + Condition (without a comma)

Look at the original sentence

Notice how there is a comma after the verb rains which is the last part of the if-clause.
When the if-clause comes first in the sentence, we put a comma (,) after it.

If it rains,(COMMA) we will cancel the trip.

BUT, when the main clause comes first in the sentence, the comma (,) is not necessary.

(Notice how there is no comma in this last sentence)

You can use either order, they are both used and correct.

TYPES OF CONDITIONALS

The four main types of conditionals are:
The Zero Conditional, the First Conditional, the Second Conditional, and the Third Conditional.
Sometimes these are called Type 0, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 Conditionals.

We will quickly introduce them in this lesson and go into more detail about each conditional in individual lessons.

The Zero Conditional

This involves the present simple + present simple
This is used for facts that are generally true or scientific facts.
The condition always has the same result.

If you stand in the rain, you get wet. (This is generally true)

If you heat ice, it melts. (This is a fact)

The First Conditional

This involves the present simple + will / won't + verb
This is used to express a possible situation in the future.
We are predicting a likely result in the future if the condition happens.
For example:

If it rains, we will cancel the trip.
(This is the likely result in the future if it rains)

If you study, you will pass the exam.
(Again, I predict that this will happen in the future if you study)

The Second Conditional

This involves the past simple + would + verb
This is used for hypothetical or unlikely situations.
Also for unreal or improbable situations now or in the future.

If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot.

(It is unlikely that I will win the lottery. But in this hypothetical, though improbable situation, this is what I would do)

If they sold their house, they would be rich.

(It is unlikely that they will sell the house because they like living there. However, in this improbable situation of them selling the house, they would become rich)

The Third Conditional

This involves the past perfect + would have + past participle
This is used when a person is imagining a different past, an imaginary situation that did not happen in the past.

If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.

(I imagine that if you had done this in the past, the result would have been different)

If I hadn't been sick, I would have gone to your party.

(I'm imagining the situation of NOT being sick in the past... something that I cannot change now)

In general:

Zero conditional refers to facts.
First conditional and Second conditional refer to the present or future. However second conditional sentences suggest it is less probable or imaginary.
Third conditional refers to the past.

There are MORE than these 4 types of conditional sentences though these are the ones that are used the most. We will look at other types in future lessons.

Summary Chart

Lesson tags: Comma, Conditionals, Grammar, Punctuation

Back to: English Course > Conditionals

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Conditional Sentences and IF clauses - Introduction Woodward English

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Conditional sentences consist of two parts: The if-clause (which is a condition) and the main clause (which is a result) For example: If it rains, we will cancel the trip. If it rains .... is the if-clause (the condition) An if-clause begins with IF and has a subject and a verb.

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wyrażenia czasownik+ przyimek + gdzie jest przyimek w pytaniu

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Provide a series of questions or terms, then share with students

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Look at these examples to see how defining relative clauses are used.

Are you the one who sent me the email?
The phone which has the most features is also the most expensive.
This is the video that I wanted to show you.
The person they spoke to was really helpful.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1

Grammar B1-B2: Relative clauses - defining relative clauses: 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned.

Defining relative clauses give us essential information - information that tells us who or what we are talking about.

The woman who lives next door works in a bank.
These are the flightsthat have been cancelled.

We usually use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a defining relative clause: who, which, that, when, where or whose.

We can use who or that to talk about people. that is more common and a bit more informal.

She's the woman who cuts my hair.
He's the manthat I met at the conference.

We can use which or that to talk about things. that is more common and a bit more informal.

There was a one-year guarantee which came with the TV.
The laptopthat I bought last week has started making a strange noise!

Other pronouns

when can refer to a time.

Summer is the season when I'm happiest.

where can refer to a place.

That's the stadium where Real Madrid play.

whose refers to the person that something belongs to.

He's a musician whose albums have sold millions.

Omitting the relative pronoun

Sometimes we can leave out the relative pronoun. For example, we can usually leave out who, which or that if it is followed by a subject.

We can't usually leave it out if it is followed by a verb.

The assistant that helped us was really kind.
( helped = verb, can't omit that)

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2

Grammar B1-B2: Relative clauses - defining relative clauses: 2

Language level

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Relative clauses: defining relative clauses

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Do you know how to define who or what you are talking about using relative clauses? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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ćwiczenie do DEFINING CLAUSES (who,which,that+where etc.)

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ćwiczenie do DEFINING CLAUSES (who,which,that+where etc.)

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Defining relative clauses - who, which, that, where

Exercise 1

Choose the correct relative pronouns to complete the following defining relative clauses.

Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about.

Who, which, where

We use who for people.

He met the police officer who saved his life.

We use which for things and animals.

He put on the suit which he wore for special occasions.

We use where for places.

This is the hotel where we spent our honeymoon.

That

We can use that instead of who or which. But we often use who for people and which/ that for things.

He's the neighbour who /that helped us to move out.

Change the cable which /that connects the computer to the printer.

Be careful with these common mistakes!

We cannot use * what or an expression like * that he/she etc. in this type of relative clauses.

That's the student that /who I told you about. (NOT the student what I told you about)

That's the man that /who tried to steal my wallet. (NOT the man that he tried to steal my wallet.)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

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Defining relative clauses – who, which, that, where - Test-English

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Defining relative clauses. Use of the relative pronouns who, which, where, that. English grammar and exercises. Gap-filling and multiple choice exercises.

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Defining relative clauses - 6 Minute Grammar

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Indirect questions - Page 3 of 3 - Test-English

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English grammar practice on indirect questions. Transform the following direct questions into indirect or embedded questions.