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What is it? - the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid.
Why we need it - aeration is needed so the fish can breath properly, which is essential for fish health.
Can you have too much? - too much oxygen in water can lead to the potentially lethal gas bubble disease, in which gas comes out of solution inside the fish, creating bubbles in its skin and around the eyes

Equipment used to increase aeration

Filters

Power heads

Air stones

Aerating decorations

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Function:
• Can enhance the colour of the fish making them look more desirable.
• LED’s main purpose is aesthetics, making the aquariums and tanks look pleasing to the eye.
Advantages:
• Produce zero heat. This can be helpful as frequent or sudden heat fluctuations can be harmful to some fish.
• Can come in different colours. This can be helpful when deciphering the type of tank within an aquarium. For example - all blue LED’s are freshwater and all green are marine.
• LED lights are more energy efficient than normal light bulbs and have a long life, meaning they will not need to be changed frequently.
• They are also very cost efficient at a low price.
• They can be dimmed to whatever the aquarium desires, enchanting the colours of freshwater and tropical fish.
Disadvantages:
• Even though they have a long shelf life they have a high upfront cost meaning that these lights will be a major investment for the aquarium or fish keeper.
• UV exposure to the LED lights can cause them to change colour over time.
• Salt can cause corrosion, meaning they are not generally appropriate for marine aquariums.
• When placed in marine aquariums these lights can ‘burn’ or ‘bleach’ the corals causing a change in their colour.

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Types:
•Sand
•gravel
•crushed coral

Function:
•substrate plays a part in the nitrogen cycle.
•it is beneficial for bacteria growth
•great for fish that like to burrow such as bottom-dwelling fish
•can regulate the PH level

Pros and cons
•allows foraging

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T5 bulbs are 40% smaller than T8 bulbs

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Image showing the difference between t5 and t8 bulbs

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T5 lamps are capable are containing as much light if not more in a smaller area compared to T8 bulbs. T8 bulbs are needed to produce the same amount of light generated by significantly fewer high output T5 bulbs.
They are used for freshwater aquariums

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A factor that separates these two bulbs is the lumen output capabilities. For example, a standard 4’ 54 watt T5HO linear tube will usually yield around 5000 lumens per tube whereas a standard 4’ 32 watt T8 tube will offer approximately 3000 lumens per tube. The amount of lumens determines how much light the bulb emits.

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4 different types of heater in aquariums:

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4 different types of heater in aquariums:

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submersible
immersible
substrate
filter

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Function: moderates tank temperature to ensure stability - avoids ill health or death in the fish due to thermoregulation issues.

Important for tropical fish that usually require constant temperatures between approximately 23-27 degrees C