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Explain the structures and functions of organelles

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Explain the structures and functions of organelles

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Explain the structures and functions of each organelle assigned. You may add additional info if necessary. Have fun.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Muhammad Aqil Imran)

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Muhammad Aqil Imran)

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rina Yohanis)

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rina Yohanis)

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-Has large numbers of ribosomes attached to it.

-A series of flattened sacs.

-Proteins made on the rough ER’s ribosomes (antibodies, insulin, digestive enzymes, and many hormones) are sent out of the cell to function elsewhere in the body.

Function:
-process and transport protein synthesized by ribosomes
-aids in synthesis of secretory and other protein
-adds carbohydrates to protein to make glycoprotein
-produces new membrane

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) by Rina Yohanis 

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) by Rina Yohanis 

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Lysosomes are formed by budding off of the Golgi apparatus. Lysosome are small, spherical vesicles and surrounded by a single membrane. Lysosome is containing hydrolytic enzyme (hydrolytic enzyme is a enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a chemical bond) .Function of lysosome is intercellular digestion such as phagocytosis and autophagy...Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter .Phagocytosis is digesting food particles by engulfing. Hydrolytic enzyme digest the food particles and the digestion product such as simple sugar and amino acid pass into the cytosol and become nutrients for the cell. Next is autophagy ,autophagy is a process involving the degradation of cellular components (worn-out organelles) .Lysosomes fuses with the outer membrane of damaged organelles .Lysosomal enzymes dismantle the enclosed material and return the organic monomers to the cytosol for reuse.

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Structure: Chloroplasts are oval-shaped and have two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Between the outer and inner membrane is the intermembrane space approximately 5-10 nm wide. The space within the inner membrane is the stroma, the dense fluid within the chloroplast. This is the site at where the conversion from carbon dioxide to carbohydrates takes place. Within the stroma,thylakoids are stacked to form a grana. Stacks of grana are joined by intergranal lamellae and both contain photosynthetic pigments.

Function : Chloroplasts are essential for the survival and growth of plants and photosynthetic protists. They are responsible to carry out photosynthesis, the process of conversion of light energy into sugar and other organic molecules that are used by plants or algae as food. They also produce amino acids and lipid components that are necessary for chloroplast membrane production.

Location: In plants, chloroplasts occur in all green tissues, though they are concentrated particularly in the parenchyma cells of the leaf mesophyll. Chloroplasts circulate within plant cells. *The green coloration comes from chlorophyll concentrated in the grana of chloroplasts.*