# data[].attributes.body
It's the week 1 for the IoT subject, I felt so excited and ready to learn about the advanced technology in this subject. Some videos about the IoT system are shown to briefly introduce the basic idea behind the IoT systems, what components needed for the systems, how they were working with each component. What I have learned in this section is that IoT basically function just like a body, receive signals from the sensors and send them to the brain, then execute the functions based on the predictive mode or reflective mode based on what the brain diagnosed. IoT act as the "brain" for the smart system that actually connecting multiple devices together and making them possible for remotely control and monitor. It is funny that one student that actually mentioned about the uselessness of IoT devices where people would tend to buy them to show off themselves that they are very trendy. Although there are so many functions in the devices, people would just purchase it for only some particular functions. I am amazed that how an IoT system could have so many functions that act on only one node, like smart streetlights.

# data[].attributes.body
I started looking for members to form a group and all of the members are actually know each other so that we could have a better jump straight into the topic selection without getting know each other. The tutorial sessions are group into one common group, I actually love learning in a big group where I actually can discuss and listen to more opinions on different topics where some friends may come out with better opinions on different sections, and hence, I can improve my perspective of view in different areas. We also assigned into small groups and discussed about the tutorial 1 on the components, benefits, security and network for the IoT system. In the small group, we have distributed different tasks among us and at last we come over to discover the questions one by one. Besides that, I learnt about actually different subsections of IoT system are having different components that required to collaborate over the network, such as interoperability, wireless capability, functionality, secure storage, device configuration, bandwidth, power management and more. It is so important to have the components inside the IoT systems because smart systems are required to process massive amount of data and deliver insightful information to the users at the shortest time.

# data[].attributes.body
During this week, after Miss Sumathi had explaining what we should do in the Assignment 1, our group start to arrange for a meeting to choose a topic and work on the assignment, there are some ideas that come to discussion which includes smart home system, smart agricultural system and smart door system based on face recognition. In the end, we had come to a common topic of smart home lighting system which is based on the home automation, since there are papers already out there which can easily search for. There is a moment where Miss Sumathi suddenly went off to take parcel during the lecture, then I had come out an idea where the delivery parcel can be collect in an autonomous approach, however, this idea is actually not that suitable as when the delivery has to be confirmed and identified before sending to the buyer where this process is hardly can be done by autonomous bots.

While in tutorial, we have discussed about the brief idea of group assignment 1 and present it to Miss Sumathi. So, our group decided to have lighting system because the main aim for our group is to conserve energy as lights system had always contributing the most power to the electric bills, therefore, we come to our solution: the smart home lighting system that has a potential to save more power and provide a convenient solution for the users to control and monitor the lighting system. Although this idea had come out before having a proper meeting, I had stimulate my thinking to generate ideas where this may improve my critical skills. I also listened another groups' idea and I think that they have a better idea than our group with more specific functions of IoT system, therefore I would say that I personally still have much to improve on my presentation skills and thinking skills while delivering ideas to the audience.

# data[].attributes.body
In lecture, we had discussed about the design of IoT on different sub sections such as consumer IoT, commercial IoT and industrial IoT, how IoT supports in autonomous processes, control and monitor in the sections. I learned about the important terms to define the IoT such as remote access, automatic, monitoring, security and more. Besides that, some systems are being discussed about on the important characteristics such as the windshield system that actually can detect the rainfall and its amount to indicates that there is raining in that particular area. The privacy of IoT is also mentioned in class where I realized that it is important to embedded an IoT system without infringing the privacy of users, such as the infrared camera that implemented in the smart street light system to ensure that the appearance of public do not capture, so monitoring of the public can be done in a more efficient and protected way. Alerting functions are also important in a health IoT system especially for those elderly and babies to inform the family when there are emergency situations happening.

# data[].attributes.body
In tutorial, we discussed about the 7 segment display on the Arduino, how it supposed to operate by changing the number based on the time delay. It is a fun section to share about the 7 segment display where I can share my basic understanding on the Arduino microcontroller and help other peers to gain some knowledge on the Arduino. Besides that, we also had a discussion on the difference between Raspberry Pi and Arduino. As we can view from the figure, there are much difference from the Raspberry Pi and Arduino in term of central units, RAM, operating system, internet connectivity, cost and more. In the section, I felt so engaged to learn about this topic as everyone is contributing some different opinions and perspectives on the topic, and gathering the different views, I had broaden my knowledge on the features of Raspberry Pi and Arduino.

# data[].attributes.body
We discovered more on the Arduino kits during the lecture, the different components within the Arduino: power, USB, Digital IO, Analog Inputs, I2C Bus and reset. I think it would be more interesting when this kind of classes can be in the physical as we can have more interaction and discover more on the electrical board, but it is also nice to try out on our own in the TinkerCAD as we no need to worried about getting the Arduino microcontroller burned. There are also a tons of sensors being introduced to us, the sensors work so specifically for certain task, therefore, choosing the right sensors based on the applications in the system is so important.

In tutorial, we discussed the different computing approaches: edge computing and cloud computing. From it, I know how different it is for having edge computing and cloud computing based on their use case. Edge computing provides a decentralized services for the IoT where is near to the users, while cloud computing provides a centralized services such as server, database, compute, infrastructure and more on the cloud. If the IoT system require instant analysis, it is better to use the edge computing, while if the IoT require huge data storage, cloud computing will be a better choice. I learned how important to able to differentiate the techniques that are applied to different IoT system, because not all of the techniques are required to drive an IoT system, it would be a waste of cost when we dumping everything into and IoT system. Therefore, we need to apply the techniques wisely in order to make the IoT system functionable at the same time saving cost.

# data[].attributes.body
The assignment content brief is being discussed in the lecture. Different specific terms need to mentioned in the assignment such as interoperability, scalability, flexibility, energy efficiency, mobility management, security and protocols used in different layer. The architecture layers for the IoT system is also mentioned by Miss Sumathi for more understanding on different layers of the architecture, which of the layers is much important for constructing an IoT system. After that, our group had arrange for group meeting to make some modifications on the report for Assignment 1. I just realized that our report had missed out so many important components, but still we are not sure about whether the components are related to our proposed IoT system, since we just afraid that the components are not meeting the requirements.

In tutorial for this week, we collaborate in the Miro board, where we shared idea on the IoT smart home. We had discussed about the features, persona, reason to use and buy, personality, interest, skills required and tech savviness for the home automation system. So much knowledge on the components about the smart home mentioned above is being absorbed where it would be super useful for the upcoming assignment. We also discussed about the embedded system briefly. It was about microprocessor-based computer hardware system with software, also embedded with memory, input/output pins to carry out real-time operation, for example a Raspberry Pi with sensors and programmed operations.

# data[].attributes.body
During the lecture, we discussed about the OSI model architecture, which consists of 7 layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical, how the data is being transfer on the network and sent to another recipients. While for IoT model, it is similar to the OSI model where it also consists of 7 different layers with difference naming to understand how the connection of data is achieve. I am amazed that how the tasks behind processing the data in OSI model is so rapid that we can search and retrieve information within seconds. Also there are different machine algorithm to predict the data being fed into the system, to generate insightful information in order to give command on what should the system do to handle the problem.

While for tutorial, we discovered more on the Arduino board in TinkerCAD based on different sections and also briefing on the Assignment 2 about the development of IoT system and application. For the Arduino board, we developed a patient monitoring system using a temperature sensor, where if high temperature, it will display red, normal temperature display green and low temperature display blue to alert or show the users about certain temperature if they are having fever or not. As for the assignment 2, me and my groupmates decided to continue on the ideas based on Assignment 1, where I personally think that our solution might help groups of people to cut down the electric bill if the proposed system is to be developed.

# data[].attributes.body
This week is independent learning week. Honestly, I was touching only a little on this module during this week because I was working on different modules' assignment. I had also work on this assignment by researching on some key components on a smart home system that is feasible to draw the architecture diagram and also the strengths and weaknesses for our system, trying to find out what our system can benefit the users. This week is the busiest week I had and I am weak in time management, therefore, I procrastinated the job for this module and work with the assignment with nearest deadline first. Subsequently, I just left the Assignment 2 undone until the next week. I would like to change this bad habit as soon as possible.

# data[].attributes.body
During the lecture, since Miss Sumathi was feeling unwell, therefore the class was cancelled on that day. Although the tasks are distributed among us for the Assignment 2, but I was still working on midterms and the assignments from other modules that are due soon. At this moment, I was actually getting tired because out of the 5 modules that I am having 4 modules as group leader, which I felt upset because there was no one willing to take over the position and I was so shy to ask them to take over. Hence, I could only give out all my best and the responsibilities that a group leader should have, try to gather the members as a team.

As for tutorial, we had been discovering different IoT in different sections such as commercial IoT (like smart buildings), consumer IoT (smart wearables), Industrial IoT(mostly used in factories) and Infrastructure IoT (smart city). We also discuss on some API and protocols, how they are supposed to help in deliver the data throughout the whole process. While doing the tutorial questions on the network part, I realized that how weak I am on answering the questions on networking, therefore I had to work on my knowledge on the part by looking through related articles, journal or online tutorial videos.

# data[].attributes.body
The network protocols is being further discussed in the lecture, which includes MQTT, CoAP,  HTTP and more. Different kind of files require different kind of protocols so that the data can be transmitted to the recipients on the Internet, for example, email mainly use the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol to deliver over the internet. In OSI layers the different layers perform different roles to ensure the data is transferred to the correct recipients. We also discovered how different is the protocols act on the message, whether it is synchronous, asynchronous, streamed or subscription based transmission. Understanding the different protocols on the network enable the IoT device to communicate with the users and users also can perform action on the IoT devices.

In tutorial, we discussed about the different security breaches that act on the IoT system in latest IoT whole, which includes sensor tampering, main-in-the-middle attack and unauthorized access. So what our group did was on the man-in-the-middle attack which hackers can sneak into IoT system to gain information or access to control the system. This could be prevented by having digital certificates on the IoT "things" and VPN for establishing strong encryption between client and server, also choose the appropriate security services for the IoT system. Other groups mention about the tampering where hackers could interfere into the sensors of IoT system to read contents and access private information. There are some methods can prevent it such as injection of data values, hash based prevention, decoy values and more. Learning the different kind of security attacks that act on the IoT system is crucial to keep the IoT environment safe from disasters.

# data[].attributes.body
Manuscript report is being discussed in the lecture to actually make our assignment report publishable. It sounds interesting as this is the first time of me doing this to publish a report on the Internet. I was quite nervous because I am afraid if the compilation work is not done well at the same time exciting if our work got chosen to be publish to let the public know our ideas. We discussed about the security on the IoT system, where we are introduced to some of the cyber attacks, how security is done on IoT system, what is the solution for the security threats. Some security measurements need to be done differently to the IoT system in order to prevent information leak or certain disasters.

While for tutorial, we have done our presentation at that time. Although we had done a rehearsal before the night, I think that the improvement I can make is on my speaking skills when delivering ideas. I tend to come out a script when presenting a work because I am not so confident on delivering my thoughts, which is not so good. Besides that, I also need to improve my critical thinking skills whereby it may help me to answer the whenever questions are given by the audience.

# data[].attributes.body
The details on the manuscript is being further explained in the class. I was surprise that how expensive to publish a paper but also glad that we are actually the first batch that taking funding to publish a paper. We are also required to find the security breaches that happening in 10 years, what type of attack is used and how is it resolved.

In tutorial, we discussed about the found articles or news on the security breaches. So my group had found the with a couple found the camera began talking to them, and their thermostat reached up to 90 degrees. The couple thought it was a glitch and simply reset the systems. The thermostat continually raising the temperature and vulgar music starts playing from the cameras. Solutions are suggested to the couple by implementing two-factor verification to rectify this security breach. Furthermore, the migration of their IoT nest’s google account to stack additional security protections such as better detections. I realized how important to know about the security as priority of the IoT system before actually implementing it, and after implemented, we also need to take certain precautions to prevent the hackers from gaining information and access to the IoT system

# data[].attributes.body
During this week, we had done some case study on large scale IoT system such as the smart streetlight in China, the Autonomous Ground Vehicles and the smart parking system. So our group had done the autonomous ground vehicles case study, we had shown a video on the latest parcel delivering autonomous vehicle, where the vehicle contains moving lockers that used to store the parcels and are delivered to locations that are assigned with calculated routes. We had done a thoroughly discuss on this topic, trying to link the components business world with the technology world, I realized that how related they are in some aspect after Miss Sumathi had explained it. Besides that, we also discussed on how the large scale IoT system has to be cooperate with each other to make the whole IoT environment working smoothly and safely.

# data[].attributes.body
It's the final week for the whole module, in this week, we discussed about the overall IoT system by watching some videos and also discussed about why are certain IoT systems failed when developing and how to overcome it, what is the components to consider before getting into IoT. It's a very fun learning process I would say throughout these 14 weeks and my point of view is getting broader through this module.

# data[].attributes.body
So, about the group development throughout the 14-weeks long journey, I would say it was an up and down journey for our group, Group 2. I am the team leader for this group.
Actually I am personally kind of refuse to work as a group because it was quite difficult for me to deliver ideas on my side and after delivering the ideas, they started the work, I will realized that what they did actually not match my idea, however, I am shy and awkward to ask the group to redo the work again. While on the good side, I could listen to different perspective of ideas and try to link them up.

In assignment 1, where everyone still fresh or newbie for this IoT module. The team was actually formed because we knew each other before in previous semester, therefore, discussion can be done easily without any restriction on languages. However, there is a downside to have a group with all known friends where conflicts of ideas are sometimes hard to deliver among the groups. So, there is a time where a friend of mine thinks that our project is not accomplished enough to gain more point but he was so shy to ask the group to make some modification, therefore, he personally texted me to ask me for opinion whether to gather the team to work on the modification. As a team leader, I have the responsibility to make sure the work is on track and if possible to help everyone in the group to get a good grades (who doesn't want to get a good grades on academic), so I shyly try to ask permission from them in the group to have a group meeting instantly and unexpectedly everyone in the group agreed to work on it, I think this is the advantage on working in group with known people.

For assignment 2, there was a moment where actually the IoT application is not suits my ideas: where we supposed to have 3 sensors as illustration, but at the moment we have only 2. At the moment, I knew they have got the wrong information from me. Immediately, I called out the group to work on the IoT application since the report deadline was near. We modified the Arduino on TinkerCAD and try to mimic the real world smart lighting system that we proposed. In the end, we get to proposed the most matching smart lighting system in TinkerCAD. While for the group presentation for this assignment, we had a short rehearsal the night before that trying to keep the presentation time within the range, and I personally think that everyone doing a great job for the presentation on that day (although we are talking to the script if Miss Sumathi had realized). I would admit that I am not a good presenter on my idea and trying to relying on a script which I need to improve on.

For assignment 3, I think overall, there is no big issue for our group since it was a continuation of assignment 2, just the compilation is a little harder that I to make sure everyone in the group had their format correct, so the compile work can be easier.

For overall of the group development, speaking in term of acceptance on ideas, delivering ideas and work as a group, our group had been growing since day 1 of this module, we learned fast by sharing variety of ideas. None of the group member is not cooperating or contributing to the task assigned. Skills that I gained from working in this group includes, team leading, communication, trust, accepting, understanding, setting goals and also more but those are the main ones. I am glad that my group trusted me on being a group leader although I was not a group leader where I could not force the group to its limit. I will continue to grow and deliver good values to a team in future.

# data[].attributes.body
Through the whole course, I have gained much knowledge and perspective of view on the IoT, however, since we are still in a lockdown situation, it is hard for me to imagine how a specific IoT system works, I only can watch videos on the IoT system to visualize which is not interesting. Also there are much more for me to discover on since we only covered the outer layer not in depth for the IoT. It was such a big topic that it is still keeping improving and bringing convenient and better life for the human being. There are also something that I have learn outside out the topic which are critical thinking skills, entrepreneur thinking, communication skills, leadership, being empathy and more. However, I think that it is not enough and there are much more spaces in there I could improve on. Personally, I think that I have to work more on my confidence in talking where I am lacking, also my time management is so bad that I always work on something not following a timetable, therefore, I tend to jump from a task to another which is not related and when I get back where I left, I would forget what I need to continue on. I also learnt about finding relevant information, how to identify the truthfulness of the information. Throughout the 14 weeks, there is no major challenges for me, I just need to improve my working style by setting goals to work on certain tasks to prevent procrastination and left things done on the last minute.