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2900 -2200 BC            Pottery types appear 

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2900 -2200 BC            Pottery types appear 

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Different pottery types appear during the Late Neolithic whilst new enclosures, called henges were built, along with stone rows.

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3300 - 2900 BC     Development of cursus monuments

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3300 - 2900 BC     Development of cursus monuments

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The Middle Neolithic saw the development of cursus monuments
close to earlier barrows, the building of impressive chamber tombs such as the Maeshowe
types and the growth and abandonment of causewayed enclosures. The earliest stone
circles and individual burials also appea

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3,000 BC - 1,520 BC Stonehenge - 6 stages of building.

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3,000 BC - 1,520 BC Stonehenge - 6 stages of building.

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First stage: 3000–2935 BC: The oldest part of the Stonehenge monument was built during the period from 3000 to 2935 BCE. It consists of a circular enclosure that is more than 330 feet (100 metres) in diameter, enclosing 56 pits called the Aubrey Holes, named after John Aubrey, who identified them in 1666.

Second stage: 2640–2480 BC: Except for human burials, there is no evidence of activity between Stonehenge’s first and second stages of construction. About 2500 BCE the sarsen stones were brought from the Avebury area of the Marlborough Downs, about 32 km to the north. Outside the northeastern entrance of Stonehenge, they were dressed smooth by pounding with sarsen hammer.

Third stage: 2470–2280 BC Radiocarbon dating indicates that the side ditches and banks of a ceremonial avenue almost 2 miles (3 km) long were dug from Stonehenge to the River Avon at some time in the period between 2470 and 2280 BCE. It is possible that the avenue traces the path of the bluestones that were moved from the Aubrey Holes and Bluestonehenge to the Q and R holes during Stonehenge’s second stage of construction.
Fourth stage: 2280 - 2030 BC
About 2200 BCE the bluestones were rearranged to form a circle and an inner oval. This inner oval was thought to be  subsequently modified in prehistory to form a horseshoe, but this transformation may have been the result of Roman removal of the stones or of later stone-robbing

Fifth stage: 2030 -1750 BC.
At some point during Stonehenge’s fifth stage a ring of pits known as the Z Holes was dug outside the sarsen circle.

Sixth stage:1640 -1520 BC
A second ring of pits, called the Y Holes, was dug during the monument’s final stage of construction  As with all radiocarbon dating, the precise dates of such events can only be estimated within many decades, if not centuries.

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(40,000 BC)                 Modern humans (Homo sapiens) spread

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(40,000 BC)                 Modern humans (Homo sapiens) spread

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There is evidence of Neanderthal humans living in Britain from around 60,000 BC. By
40,000 BC modern humans (Homo sapiens) were spreading across Europe soon reaching
Britain. It is not known exactly when Neanderthals died out but there may have been a
period when Neanderthals and modern humans both lived in Britain . Modern humans in Britain produced flint tools and used bone, antler, shell, amber, animal teeth and mammoth ivory for tools and jewellery

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400,000 BC          Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis.

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400,000 BC          Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis.

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We know early Neanderthals were in Britain about 400,000 years ago thanks to the discovery of the skull of a young woman from Swanscombe, Kent. They returned to Britain many times between then and 50,000 years ago, and perhaps even later.

During this time the climate regularly switched between warm and cold. Neanderthals learned to adapt and survive by exploiting natural resources, although they were beaten back from Britain several times when the climate was particularly harsh and food scarce.

Undoubtedly intelligent, Neanderthals were innovative toolmakers. Injuries found on their prey tell us that they were brave and skilful hunters.

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The extreme cold of the Ice Ages in Britain probably forced humans to leave when living

conditions became impossible, but they returned during warmer periods. A final Ice Age covered Britain around 70,000 to 12,000 BC. The landscape during the Ice Ages was treeless tundra with glaciers covering northern and sometimes southern Britain. During warmer spells, there would be an expansion of birch trees, shrub and grasses and

eventually  oak woodland.

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500,000 BC                             The oldest human fossils 

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500,000 BC                             The oldest human fossils 

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In a gravel pit at Boxgrove, just outside Chichester, the remains of a person (Homo Heidelbergensis) were discovered. They are half a million years old. Only a shinbone and two teeth were discovered, but the position, under thick layers of gravel, shows that the remains are the oldest person so far discovered in Britain. These early people made flint tools called handaxes and hunted large animals such as rhinoceros.

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450,000 BC                   "Britain" becomes an island 

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450,000 BC                   "Britain" becomes an island 

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A giant "super river" that carved its way through the chalky white hills connecting southern England to northern France about 450,000 years ago created the English Channel and made Britain into the island that it is today.

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43 AD                             Roman Conquest                               End of Prehistoric Britain                               

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43 AD                             Roman Conquest                               End of Prehistoric Britain                               

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Britannia was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 AD to 410 AD. It comprised almost the whole of England and Wales and, for a short period, southern Scotland. Here is when British history starts.

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800 BC                                The Celts 

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800 BC                                The Celts 

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At the beginning of the Iron Age, other settlers arrived from the Continent, at first in small groups then in larger bands. These were the Celts, a taller fairer race than the people who had come before, members of tribes which had long been settled in present-day France, Belgium and southern Germany and which were now moving west, retreating from more war like tribes harassing them from the east.

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THE IRON AGE                 (800 BC- 43 AD)

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THE IRON AGE                 (800 BC- 43 AD)

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It was a time when metalwork technology became widespread, new crops were being farmed and people increasingly began to live in communities.

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1500 BC                              The Wessex Culture. Stonehenge dismantle

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1500 BC                              The Wessex Culture. Stonehenge dismantle

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Other immigrants arrived, bringing with them skills and ornaments of a quality which had never

been seen on the island before and which were to be collectively known as the Wessex Culture. These newcomers were traders as well as craftsmen, builders and warriors when necessary.

They turned their attention towards Stonehenge; and, in the third stage of its building, dismantled the circle of stones erected by their predecessors, then dragged eighty immense blocks of sarsen stone from the Marlborough Downs to set them up

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1600 BC                           More and more people and settlements.

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1600 BC                           More and more people and settlements.

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For reasons not yet understood, in about 1600 BC thousands more people appeared. More and more settlements were built on the hills over the downlands; agricultural land was laid out in
immense field systems
surrounded by groups of hut circles.
The population, it has been estimated, rose to about one
million .

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The Bronze Age is a historical period that was characterized by the use of bronze, and early features of urban civilization.

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2000 BC                                  The Beaker Folk

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2000 BC                                  The Beaker Folk

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The Beaker Folk took their name from their distinctive bell-shaped drinking vessels with which they were buried in crouching positions in individual graves.

These people, originally perhaps from Spain, came from the areas now known as Holland and the

Rhineland, bringing with them a knowledge of working in bronze. They arrived towards the end of the late Neolithic period and the beginning of the period known as the early Bronze Age in about 2000 BC,

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4000 BC                     Neolithic farmers from Europe arrive by ship  

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4000 BC                     Neolithic farmers from Europe arrive by ship  

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Stone Age hunters were joined by other peoples, immigrants from the Continent, small men

and women, rarely more than 5ft 6ins in height, who

crossed the sea in little skin boats, dug-out canoes and

wicker-woven coracles, bringing with them a different way

of life. They made clearings in the forests for their animals,

grew crops, fashioned themselves axes and other tools from flint baked pottery. They established meeting places and

tribal centres. Followed by other immigrants, they developed

the custom of burying their dead in stone tombs. The construction of the earliest earthwork sites began during the Early Neolithic (c. 4000 - 3300 BC) in the form of long barrows used for communal burial and the first causewayed .enclosures

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4500 BC                      Farming is introduced to Britain .                               The Iberians (From the Spanish Peninsula and North African Coast). 

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4500 BC                      Farming is introduced to Britain .                               The Iberians (From the Spanish Peninsula and North African Coast). 

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The first agricultural settlements began to emerge when immigrants from Europe brought with them knowledge of agriculture. Hunter-gather ways of life continued but the increasing range of material culture, such as pottery, leaf-shaped arrowheads and polished stone axes, and the control of local resources by individual groups would have caused it to be replaced by distinct territories occupied by different groups.

There were also roving bands of hunters who lived on the wild animals they could trap and kill, the fish they could catch in the rivers, or the wild plants they could pick. They grew no crops and had no livestock

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STONE AGE               NEOLITHIC                         (4,500 BC- 2,300 BC)                                        (NEW STONE AGE)    

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STONE AGE               NEOLITHIC                         (4,500 BC- 2,300 BC)                                        (NEW STONE AGE)    

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This is the final division of the Stone Age when the first developments of farming appeared.

It comprises a progression of behavioural and cultural characteristics and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals

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10,000 BC                           The people of the Middle Stone Age and the bow invention.

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10,000 BC                           The people of the Middle Stone Age and the bow invention.

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These people known as the Middle Stone Age People lived when the weather was much colder than today, so they kept warm wearing fur and lighting fire outside their caves which also helped to scare wild animals away. First bows were developed at this time

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MESOLITHIC
(10,000 BC- 4,500 BC)

It is  the period between the OLD STONE AGE  and the Neolithic.

It is associated with a decline in the group hunting of large animals in favour of a broader hunter-gatherer way of life,

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800,000 BC                   People migrate to 'Britain' from Europe. Britain is still  part of the  continent. 

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800,000 BC                   People migrate to 'Britain' from Europe. Britain is still  part of the  continent. 

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People migrate to 'Britain' from Europe. (Homo antecesor (800,000 BC)
Mammoth, rhino and giant beavers live in 'Britain' (It wasn’t Britain yet, that’s why the inverted commas)Earliest human tools were found on the Suffolk coast as evidence.

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PALEOLITHIC
(3,3 M BC-10,000 BC)

(OLD STONE AGE)

This is where our timeline begins. The stone age. Its first stage known as Palaeolithic is also called the Old Stone Age.

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 900,000 BC                       The earliest evidence of human occupation  is found at Happisburgh on the Norfolk coast.

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 900,000 BC                       The earliest evidence of human occupation  is found at Happisburgh on the Norfolk coast.

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Happisburgh, Norfolk Coast. This is where the Earliest evidence of human occupation was found, with stone tools and footprints probably made by the Homo antecessor. Environmental data suggests that temperatures were relatively cool. This raises the possibility that these early Britons may have been among the first humans to use fire to keep warm. They may also have been some of the earliest humans to wear fur clothing.

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