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About 620,000 soldiers died

2/3rds of the deaths were due to disease

the war caused many doctors to rethink their ways of treating the wounded and infected

At the start of the war, medical knowledge and equipment wasn’t enough to heal the wounded and infected (diseases like dysentery, typhoid fever, pneumonia, mumps, measles, and tuberculosis were common)

Diseases spread among poorly sanitized camps

Germ theory, clean medical practices, advanced equipment, and organized hospitalization systems were not known and training was emerging out of the “heroic era"

physicians recommended bloodletting, purging, blistering, or a combination of all three to remedy the sick, which was actually often worse than the disease itself

Others died because of the disorganization in transporting the wounded

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Many soldiers suffered from haphazard hospitalization systems.

Many people died because they did not receive the care they needed in makeshift hospitals.

Available facilities were completely occupied by wounded and sick soldiers.

These conditions, however, did speed up many technological and medical advancements.

Jonathon Letterman established the Letterman Plan, a highly organized ambulance system with horses and mules.

At field dressing stations, medics administered whiskey for shock or morphine for pain. After that, they either returned to battle or were sent to field hospitals.

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William A. Hammond of the Union army designed new hospitals and set the standard for hygiene in his army.

Field and pavilion hospitals replaced makeshift hospitals.

Hospital systems became more efficient, so medical records and reports could be tracked more easily. This allowed beneficial treatments to become more standardized.

Hammond and Letterman encouraged the triage organization system, where soldiers were divided into three categories: mortally wounded, slightly wounded, and surgical cases. Surgeons had access to anesthetics for their patients. This system is still in use today.

During the war, amputation, which was a life-saving procedure, was invented to treat injuries from Minié balls, which were a new form of weaponry. Only 25% of Union soldiers died from these injuries, while 75% of civilians with similar injuries died.

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•Many soldiers were wounded during the civil war causing over crowded hospitals

•Armies started creating big pavilion-style hospitals
-This was more effective  because the army’s hospitals were much more sanitary
•Volunteers, nurses (female and male), surgeons, hospital stewards and more helped heal the sick

The buildings had many rows of beds and lots of windows for cross ventilation

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A physical exam was required

sometimes they let people with disabilities join because the number of men enlisting was getting smaller as the ward drew on

Both the North and South had set forth a draft by the end to make sure they had enough soldiers to fight

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Was not a popular in the U.S. until the Civil War

It was used to keep bodies preserved when shipped home

Almost all embalmers were either pharmacists or surgeons who knew about the chemical compounds

The stations in which embalming took place were makeshift and setup near the hospitals, railroads, and battlefields

Thousands and thousands of soldiers were embalmed (10,000-40,000)

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2F60374253.weebly.com%2Fcivil-war-nursing.html&psig=AOvVaw0p32h3_XCY8wh50NNqIZnm&ust=1587650815127000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCLj-u6ma_OgCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/mssc/bullrun/52wounded.htm
http://www.pbs.org/mercy-street/uncover-history/behind-lens/hospitals-civil-war/

https://www.civilwarmed.org/enlist/

https://www.civilwarmed.org/evacuation-2/
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/civil-war-medicine