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1)What is Chemical Equilibrium?

2)What are 3 of the 5 characteristics of Equilibrium?

3)Write the equilibrium expression.

4)What is a closed system?

5)What does the Law of Mass state?

6)Explain the Le Chatelier's Principle.

7)What 3 factors affect Le Chatelier's Principle?

8)How does temperature affect Le Chatelier's Principle?

9)Explain the Haber Process.

10)Explain the Contact Process.

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The interaction between molecules (substances that are made of atoms that bond through sharing of electrons to form covalent) and other molecules or ions(atoms that have lost or gained electrons) are governed by physical forces.

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What Are Intermolecular Forces?

Have you ever gently placed a paper clip or other small object on the surface of water? Did the paper clip float? If so, you have witnessed the result of the interactions of billions of water molecules that keep the surface of the liquid water from allowing the paper clip to sink! The interaction between molecules (substances that are made of atoms that bond through sharing of electrons to form covalent bonds) and other molecules or ions (atoms that have lost or gained electrons) are governed by physical forces. These forces, known as intermolecular forces, arise from the way electrons are shared within the covalent bonds of different molecules.

Two basic possibilities arise when considering the sharing of electrons between atoms that are covalently bonded together. Some molecules, like those found in petroleum or even olive oil, have equal sharing of electrons in their covalent bonds, known as non-polar molecules. Other molecules have unequal sharing of electrons (also known as polar molecules) between atoms where one atom pulls the electrons in the covalent bond closer to itself to form a partial negative charge, and the atoms in the molecule that have their electrons pulled away form a partial positive charge. The partial positive and negative charges in the molecule create a dipole.

Types of Intermolecular Interactions

Ion-dipole interactions occur when ions interact with polar molecules and represent the strongest of the forces that are discussed here. The charged ions are attracted to the dipole with the opposite partial charge. You have witnessed the results of this type of interaction if you have ever seen table salt dissolved into a glass of water. Table salt is made of positively charged sodium ions (Na^+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl^-). The sodium ions are attracted to the partial negative charge of the oxygen atoms in neighboring water molecules. The chloride ions are attracted to the partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms of neighboring water molecules. Therefore, the attractive interactions allow the ions to be surrounded by water molecules and dissolve.

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intermolecular forces in chemistry: definition

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types & examples - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Intermolecular Forces in Chemistry: Definition, Types & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Have you ever gently placed a paper clip or other small object on the surface of water? Did the paper clip float? If so, you have witnessed the result of the interactions of billions of water molecules that keep the surface of the liquid water from allowing the paper clip to sink!

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The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.

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The major industrial process used to make sulfuric acid, by oxidizing sulfur dioxide in the presence of a solid catalyst and absorbing the resulting sulfur trioxide in water.

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Manufacturing Sulphuric acid: The Contact Process

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The Websites I used for research: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0362.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/chemreac/energychangesrev2.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zrg7hyc/revision/4 -- Created using PowToon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video.

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An industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, using an iron catalyst at high temperature and pressure.

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What Is The Haber Process | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Increase in pressure = favors the rxn that produces fewer moles of gas, and vise versa.

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Increase in temp. = always favors the rxn that consumes heat, and vise versa.

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Substance added =shift in direction that consumes some of the added substance.
Substance removed =rxn the produces that substance occurs to a greater extent.

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When a change("stress") is applied to a system at equilibrium , the system will shift it equilibrium position to counteract the effect of the disturbance.

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7.1 Le Chatelier's principle (concentration and pressure) SL

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7.1 Le Chatelier's principle Applications and skills: Application of Le Châtelier's principle to predict the qualitative effects of changes of temperature, pressure and concentration on the position of equilibrium and on the value of the equilibrium constant. This video covers changes in concentration and pressure. The next video covers changes in temperature.

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Method of solving equilibrium problems(where the equilibrium concentration is unknown).

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Expression is equal to the concentration of each product raised to its coefficient in a balanced chemical equation and multiplied together, divided by the concentrate ion of the product of reactants to the power of their coefficients.

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The proposition that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants.

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The same equilibrium mixture will result under the same conditions; no matter whether the rxn is started with all reactants, all products, or a mixture of both. http://www.geosci.ipfw.edu/PhysSys/Unit_1/directional.jpg

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This refers to observable properties such as color and density; these do not change as they depend on the concentrations of the components in the mixture.

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They are being produced and destroyed at an equal rate.

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Prevents exchange of matter with surroundings, so equilibrium is achieved where both reactants and products can react and recombine with each other.

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The rxn has not stopped; the forward and backward rxns are still not occurring.

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-The state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time.