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Beryllium is an extremely strong, light, solid element that has many unique properties. It is a metal that is shiny grey in colour and has a density of 1.85 grams per every cubic centimetre. Considering how light Beryllium is for a metal it has high melting and boiling points. 1287 degrees Celsius is Beryllium's melting point and 2471 degrees Celsius is the boiling point. It is located in the 2nd group of the periodic table and is considered an Alkaline Earth metal. Beryllium is also a great conductor of heat but conducts electricity poorly. It is transparent to X-rays which means that Beryllium can't absorb X-rays but they can pass through the metal. Beryllium can be very toxic and is not affected by nitric acid. It can be used in alloys to harden materials.

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Beryllium is a toxic element that mainly affects the health of humans but it can also harm wildlife. Beryllium is found throughout the air, water and soil in very small amounts but humans add more and more beryllium into the air as a result of burning coal and oil. During weathering of other rocks and minerals the small particles of beryllium can enter waterways. Beryllium can become insoluble when reacting with chemicals in water which causes the beryllium to become more contained and is no longer as toxic to anything that is exposed to it. Some fresh food items can contain beryllium which can affect wildlife but the beryllium usually passes through the body quickly and the risk of side affects is minimal. Beryllium does not cause pollution in the environment and it is very unlikely that there ever will be a large enough amount of the metal to have a negative impact on the global environment. The mining of the metal however can cause problems in the environment that is being dug up. Having to destroy parts of ecosystems to mine the element creates loss in nature and wildlife and the machinery needed for mining causes pollution. There is also a limited amount of the material which means that if the rate of mining accelerates faster than knew metal can form, their will be none to use.

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Beryllium is not overly abundant and it is only found and mined in a few countries including  China, Mozambique, Russia and Brazil but the USA is by far the leading provider of Beryllium in the world. It is mainly taken from the minerals beryl and bertrandite.  In 2016 the United States provided 190 metric tonnes of Beryllium compared to 275 in 2015. The state of Utah in the USA provides nearly two thirds of the worlds supply. It is located in the crust layer of the Earth mainly in igneous rocks.

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Beryllium is an amazing element, as I learned when I got it for a science project for school. Obviously, I decided to make a video to explain its basic properties. Enjoy!

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Beryllium was first discovered in 1798 when the similarities between Beryl and Emerald were questioned by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, a French chemist, who discovered Beryllium in an oxide form. It was not until 1828 that two chemists, Friedrich Wolhler and Antoine Bussy from Germany and France respectively, isolated the metal by reducing beryllium chloride and potassium in a platinum crucible.
When testing the element the first scientists tasted it and found that it was very sweet. They also then discovered that it was toxic.
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

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As Beryllium has 2 valence electrons it reacts with elements in group 6 of the periodic table which have 6 valence electrons. An element such as oxygen will transfer valence electrons between beryllium and itself to gain a full outer shell. When beryllium and oxygen  react in the air, they form beryllium oxide which creates a layer on the beryllium preventing the two from reacting more.

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The Atomic Structure of Beryllium is 2,2. Beryllium contains 5 Neutrons (no charge) and 4 Protons (positive charge) in the Nucleus. It also consists of two Electron Shells with 4 Electrons (negative charge) between them. The inner shell contains 2 Electrons and the Valence Shell contains 2 Valence Electrons.

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Beryllium is the 4th element on the periodic table. It has a symbol of Be, an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9.012. Beryllium contains 4 protons as signified by the atomic number as well as 4 electrons. It contains 5 neutrons which can be figured out when the atomic mass is rounded to the nearest whole number and the atomic number is then subtracted. Beryllium is used for large scale items such as missiles, nuclear weapons, jet planes, space crafts and satellite parts but can also be used as an alloy to harden materials. As it can not absorb X-rays it is often used as the windows between X-ray machines.