# data[].attributes.body
Twins- can be any one of the three main birth order types, therefore it is nearly impossible to describe them. However, what can be detected is which of the two children is the leader.
Leader traits- resemble first borns, aggressive, loud, outspoken, opinionated, intolerant.
Follower traits- resemble shy middle child.
Variables that impact birth order roles-
Parents- Marital Status, Parenting style, critical eye of parent
Separate Family- More than a five year gap, start a 'new' family.
Adoption/Remarriage- Bumped either up or down on birth order scale, all depends on age at the time and where other kids fall.

Humanists (people are mostly good)-
Abraham Maslow- Hierarchy of needs and self-actualization.
Carl Rogers- People are basically good, unconditional positive regard, personal growth is influenced by those around especially those who are genuine and caring.

Social Theorists-
Albert Bandura- Bobo doll, Social Modeling

Cognitive Theorists-
Julian Rotter- Locus of Control-
Internal- What happens to you is based on your doing.
External- What happens to you is beyond your control.
Martin Seligman- Learned Helplessness (dogs)

Trait Theorists- Concerned with describing personality, not explaining it.
Gordon Allport- Interviews Freud- believes he ignores the conscious/obvious, studies fundamental and basic traits, believes there were 2800 traits
Tupes/Christal- The big five trait dimensions is the most currently accepted personality theory (OCEAN).
Eysenck (Hans/Sybil)- Many individual variations can be reduced to two or three genetically introduced dimensions. 3 traits- Extrovert/introvert, stability/instability, neuroticism/psychoticism.
Walter Mischel- People's behavior appears consistent because of people's initial perceptions of them. Initial perception stands out and we view later actions as supporting how we think.

# data[].attributes.body
Alfred Adler-
believes problems stem from tensions in childhood social situations- Childhood feelings of inferiority.
Pros- Leads to trying harder
Cons- Overcompensation
Inferiority Complex (I'm not as good as...)

Ideas of birth order- impacts our personality.
Oldest- Responsible, mature, high achiever.
Middle- easy going, friendly
Youngest- Immature, funny, baby-like
Only Child- Much like the oldest, can have difficulties sharing. Only should marry middles.
First Born- Energetic, Logical, Ambitious, Enterprising, Scholarly.
Middle Born #1- Loner, Quiet, Shy, Impatient, Uptight
Middle Born #2- Outgoing, Friendly, Loud, Laid back, Patient.
Youngest Born- Risk takers, Idealists, Good sense of humor, Hard working, Immature, Attention Seeking, Secretive, Sensitive.
Only Children- Mature faster, Get along well with older people, Responsible, Self-Centered, Perfectionists, Attention Seekers, Use adult language

# data[].attributes.body
Defense Mechanisms-
Repression- Forgetting situations that would cause painful emotions.
Denial- Refusing to acknowledge an intolerable reality.
Rationalization- Substituting a more acceptable but false reason for one's behavior.
Reaction Formation- Modifying an anxiety-causing impulse by performing in ways opposite to one's true feeling.
Projection- Seeing one's personality traits, attitudes, or faults in others but not in oneself.
Regression- Retreating to an earlier developmental level involving less mature responses.
Undoing- Atoning for and thus counteracting desires or acts that are regrettable.
Sublimation- People re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities.
Displacement- Shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.
Compensation- Covering up weaknesses or frustration by over gratifying oneself in another area.
Fantasy- Gratifying frustrated desires in imaginary achievements.
Identification- Increasing one's feeling of self worth by identifying oneself with people or places of importance.
Intellectualization- People use extensive vocabulary to explain relatively simple terms.

# data[].attributes.body
Freud Background-
- Personality Made up of two things: psyche (mind) and dynamic (energy)
-Very Sexist
-Obsessed with sex and aggression
-Detailed dream analyst
-Blamed mom for everything
Neo-Freudian- Psychodynamic-
Carl Jung studied under Freud but disagreed on importance that Freud put on sex.
Carl Jung's Theory-
Theory has 2 unconscious-
Personal- no man's land
Collective- Influential
3 Structures of Personality (freud)-
1. Ego Conscious-
- Controls thinking and reasoning
- reality principle
- balances angel and devil
2. Superego-unconscious-
-morality
-not present at birth
- standard of excellence for ego to strive for.
3. Id unconscious-
-devil on your shoulder
- present at birth
- all needs should be satisfied immediately
- wish fulfillment

# data[].attributes.headline
2/10 I can understand projective vs. objective tests

# data[].attributes.subject
2/10 I can understand projective vs. objective tests

# data[].attributes.body
Personality- the sum total of characteristics that classify someone as an individual.
Role- this is a persona you play in society.
Self-Concept- Your view of yourself-
1. Social self- How others see you/Self-fulfilling prophecy-
2. Private self- Your inner world/feelings
3. Body self- physical traits and abilities.
Objective personality test- from outside sources/paper tests-
1. Interview
A. Directed
B.Non-directed
2. Observation
3. Scales (Self-Interview) (agree/disagree)
Strengths of these- easy, fast, consistent
Weaknesses of these- superficial, can figure tests out.
Projective personality test- From the inside-personal)
1. Word Association Test- Stimulus words/can explain response
2. Thematic Apperception Test- Uses Pictures and Imagination (By Henry Murray)
3. Inkblot Test-  (Rorschach Test) What do you see?
Strengths- Individualized and in depth
Weaknesses- Test conditions can influence results, very subjective.

# data[].attributes.body
-organized
-tough
-closed minded
-opinionated
-hard working