# data[].attributes.body
Purposeful attitude

Neutral about the topic

"I am not in the least pin upon that matter, because it is very well known, that they are every day dying..." (page 5)

Cacophonous diction

Run on/long sentences with lists

"the propagation of swine's flesh, and improvement in the art of making good bacon, so much wanted among us by the great destruction of pigs, too frequent at our tables..." (6).

Plethora of descriptive words used to create vivid imagery

"But, as to my self, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length utterly despairing of success, I fortunately fell upon this proposal" (7).

Piece is read with a cold/dry sarcastic tone of voice

# data[].attributes.body
Swift writes this proposal to educate the upper class about the gap between the wealthy and poor, hoping that this conflict of poverty will come to light.

"I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country" (8).

At the end of the piece, he finally admits that he had "no other motive than the public good of [his] country", which shows his true purpose of writing this piece.

# data[].attributes.body
Swift intends to reach out to the overruling British forces and the upper class of Ireland.

Swift does not directly call to the audience.

By writing this "Proposal", Swift assumes that the readers can help and that they are willing to help.

"I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration" (3). This quote shows that he is talking to the public who can do something about the problem, which the reader can infer that he means the wealthy.

# data[].attributes.body
Dublin, Ireland (1729)

During this time, Ireland was still under the control of Britain, which caused political and social conflicts as well as gaps between the upper class and lower class.

"These mothers instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants" (1).

This evidence exaggerates the gap between the classes by describing the lower class was "forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg" during that time.

# data[].attributes.headline
Decide if you think the satire is Juvenalian or Horatian and why

# data[].attributes.subject
Decide if you think the satire is Juvenalian or Horatian and why

# data[].attributes.body
The satire begins as Horatian by stating, "I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl before twelve years old, is no saleable commodity, and even when they come to this age, they will not yield above three pounds, or three pounds and half a crown at most, on the exchange; which cannot turn to account either to the parents or kingdom, the charge of nutriments and rags having been at least four times that value" (page 2). Swift then goes on to say the only solution the the problem is to, "I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragout" (3). Swift then dramatically changes his technique as be ends Juvenalian, "I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children, by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past childbearing" (8).

# data[].attributes.body
This piece is an example of the technique reductio ad absurdum, a ridiculous exaggeration. In order to put an end to starvation in Dublin, Swift proposes the poor eat their children.

He also uses reduction through an extended metaphor by reducing the children to the status of animals. Swift had "been assured by a very knowing American of his acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled" (3).

Irony: He uses verbal irony when he says, "I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children" (3). The irony is where he suggests the landlords have "devoured" the parents and they practically own the children.

Asyndeton: Swift  uses long sentences and descriptive images to portray the children as animals. It is evident when he says, "It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms" (1).

Anaphora: He uses anaphora on page 7 when he says, "Of taxing our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: Of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: Of curing the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: Of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance." This is a list of alternatives to eating children which he says will not work and this use of repetition demostrates how he is dedicated to his cause.

# data[].attributes.body
Swift satirizes the im-povered families in Ireland. He points out how desperate the homeless are.

Swift, lowkey, calls out the upper class for allowing this to happen. Swift addresses the upper class through his proposal as if there is no one left to help the issue of poverty.

Swift presents his subject blatently, "It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms" (11).

# data[].attributes.body
Dr. Jonathan Swift, an Irish writer, writes the satirical proposal, "A Modest Proposal" (1729) argues that there is a problem in the Irish lower classes. Swift develops his thesis through satirical statements with the intention of the reader realizing that it is a concerning problem. Swift writes "A Modest Proposal" to draw sympathy towards the desperate in order to spark a change in the ideology and philanthropy of the wealthy. Swift intends to reach out to the upper Irish class and possibly the British (Great Britian controlled Ireland at this time).

# data[].attributes.body
Dr. Jonathan Swift (1729)