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This court decision declared that Mexican American students are not considered Native American, therefore marking an end to legal segregation in California (since Native Americans were not considered citizens at the time).

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This landmark supreme court decision declared segregation unconstitutional since, after careful analysis and hard evidence presented, they found that separate is inherently unequal.

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After segregation became illegal in 1954, nine brave young black children attempted to, and eventually succeeded in, entering Little Rock High School, which became a weeks-long standoff between these children trying to get an education and racist white people trying to force them out. Afterwards, the students experienced physical and verbal harassment, as well as shunning from all the white students.

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Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960  

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Convention Against Discrimination in Education, 1960  

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The U.N. issued this convention in 1960 in "recognition of the global use of education to subjugate national minorities" (Spring, 113). They identified and defined the worldwide issue of discrimination which, at the time, was a hotly debated topic, and was also pervasive in many national institutions, whether overtly written in law or hidden under the guise of other, purer, intentions.

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During the height of the great Civil Rights Movement, Latinx teens across East LA came together to boycott their schools, calling for action in the form of firing "anti Mexican-American" (129) teachers and integrating Mexican culture and teaching Spanish within the curriculum.

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The federal government pledged to fund dual language instruction, though this was later undone by the 1980s US Secretary of Education, William Bennett, who appointed subordinates who also opposed bilingual education, leading to damaging policy that has yet to be reversed nation-wide.

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Indian Education Act (1972), Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975), and Native American Languages Act (1990)

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Indian Education Act (1972), Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975), and Native American Languages Act (1990)

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The aforementioned acts promoted financial assistance for special needs required for a successfully integrated Native American education (1972 & 75), along with protections to their right to dual language instruction (1990).

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This long-term supreme court battle (whose ruling later proved difficult to enforce) focused on the educational opportunity for non-English speaking students, particularly Asian students in San Francisco, California--the parents of whom began this lawsuit. Overall, the justices ruled in favor of the Lau family and, as a result, set the precedent for the right to some form of dual language instruction in order for non-English speaking students to get an equal education in the US.

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This supreme court lawsuit battled over getting rid of 'grossly ineffective teachers.' Although the court sided with the nine student plaintiffs in 2015, that it was unconstitutional, the decision was later reversed by another court in 2016. When people attempted to appeal, the courts turned the appeal down.

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Students are getting up and speaking out all over the US, calling out the segregated systems and the unfair policies and policing in place which specifically target and disadvantage low income neighborhoods and students of color. In just the "Teach Us All" video, I could see a group advocating for restorative justice over harsh discipline policies and addressing unbalanced suspension rates, along with another group fighting to get metal detectors out of schools. They care about bilingual education and integration of cultures and students of different economic status and cultural or racial background. Since they cannot vote, they march and use their voice to draw as much attention as they can to the issues they face daily. The issues that say, "we don't care about you."

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Why do we, as teachers need to know this?

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Why do we, as teachers need to know this?

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Firstly, we should try all the time to inform ourselves of past injustices done to marginalized populations and dominated cultures because, as George Santayana said, "Those who forget history are doomed to repeat it." These events are as much a part of modern American culture and history as the first Thanksgiving, and much more important to be informed about. Once we know the past, we can see better how these prejudices subtly pervade in future policy, or even through de facto segregation. It also allows us to become better educators to our students. They must be informed of these things as well, in order to gain a better understanding and comprehension of true US history, and how we can learn from the struggles of the past to create an integrated future.