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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-VRkKX2bRIYod5KUzFXrJt6Jjrjb0LSg0bSvrDn7CVc/edit

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Born: April 15, 1912

Died: July 8, 1994

Communist leader of North Korea from 1948 to 1994

Part of a family that fled to Manchuria during Japanese occupation of Korea

Joined Korean guerrilla resistance against Japanese (then to be known as a young brave legend fighting fierce battles for Korea)

Noticed by Soviet authorities and sent to Soviet Union for political & military training.

Led Korean contingent as major during WWII

After Japanese surrender in 1945, returns to Korea with fellow Soviet-trained Koreans

Established a communist provisional government under soviet guidance (turned into North Korea)

After the war, South Korea was influenced by the US whilst the Soviet Union and china influenced North Korea

Thus Kims rise to power was supported by the Soviet Union and was welcomed by the people at the time

^^^^^ was since Korea had been a monarch throughout its entire history and the people were welcoming to continue the tradition.

Kim ruled with the help of his relatives + Anti - Japanese fellow Guerrilla soldiers.

Had an ideology called “Juche”. At the core of ‘Juche’ was nationalism, xenophobic, and racist beliefs.

Also kept citizens constantly attached to him by brainwashing, manipulation, etc.

For instance, viewing Korea as extremely hostile and making North Koreans believe in North Korea is a utopia.

Basically made himself “a god” where people would dare to go up against

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enjoy.

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Juan Domingo Perón was born in 1895, Lobos, Bueno Aires

Juan Peron rose to power in 1946 in Argentina

Juan Peron regime was considered a left wing government as he created amny policies that are left-wing however, he did not consider himself to be pro-left as he disliked the leftists in his own party

The crisis that made this possible was the Infamous Decade

The great depression caused the beginning of what is called the Infamous Decade

The prices of commodities fell and by 1933 they were 50% of their price in 1928

The economic problems caused political unrest and instability

In 1930 caused the overthrow of the Unión Cívica Radical (UCR; Radical Party) democratic government, led by Hipólito Yrigoyen, with army officers with popular support

This then started a 13 year autocratic conseverative rule that was called the Infamous Decade, all Argentine presidential elections were won by electoral fraud or coups d’état

The Infamous Decade was full of corruption and there was no democracy as traditional political parties were banned from participating in elections; opponents to the regime were persecuted, imprisoned and tortured.

The economic problems that had started in 1930 had caused many rurual workers to move to the cities hoping to find new jobs but found themselves working in “very precarious conditions”

Now more than ever the gaps between the rich and the poor were exposed, and communism was looking better to the people than ever before.

Methods used to rise to power: force or legal:

The governments of the Infamous Decade were very unpopular due to the widespread corruption and lack of democracy, many of the citizens of Argentina were politically frustrated.

Middle class felt they weren’t being heard or listened to, the intellectuals and artist could not express their thoughts of the government and the working class lacked the organisation to fight against the government

Juan peron was the first political figure that effectivey adressed the problems of the working class

The GOU

A Secret society that led the coup against the government of Argentina and placed Juan Peron in power

Juan Peron was a founding member

They comprised of mostly young officers from middle and lower class families with anti-communist, ultra-catholic and nationalist ideals

They claimed that they had come to end the corruption in the governments and help restore the Argentine constitution.

Peron was appointed secretary of labor, his influence grew and in 1944 he also became vice president and minister of war.

October of 1945, Perón was ousted from his positions by a coup of constitutionally minded civilians and officers and was imprisoned

Many people appelaed for his release and he was released

October 17, he addressed a crowd of 300,000 people from the balcony of the presidential palace, and promised to lead the people to victory in the coming presidential election

He was elected president in June 1946

Peron is famous as a dictator, but he was a freely-elected one

Methods used to maintain power: treatment of opposition, treatment of minority groups, propaganda, domestic policy

Peron kept his support with his impressive populist alliance, and his vision of self-sufficiency for Argentina

In later years he became more authoritarian

He began restriciting the press, allowing no criticism of him, and producing propaganda painting him as a savior of the poor

Peronist regime pumped out propaganda of every kind, exploiting every medium

He jailed his opposition and any other parties that tried to run for the presidency

His relationship with Evita his wife was one of the greatest political resources to him

This meant when she died in 1952 , so did his greatest politcal resource did too , causing the support for him to dissolve and he was later ousted three years later

In 1973, after 18 years of exile, he returned to Argentina and won the presidency again. His third wife, Isabel de Martinez Perón, was elected as vice president and in 1974 succeeded him upon his death.

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Idi Amin Fact Sheet

Like many African leaders including Nyerere and Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, Idi Amin never knew the date of his birth. According to his army documents, he was born around 1925 in a remote northwestern region near the borders of Sudan and Congo, while Uganda was under British control. His father was a farmer of the small Kakwa tribe and his mother was from the Lugbara people.

1946 - Amin joined the ‘king’s African rifles’, a part of the British colonial army

1959 - Amin attained the rank of effendi (highest position for a black officer to have in ‘king’s African rifles’, a part of the British colonial army)

1962 - Uganda gains independence, and political leader Milton Obote became prime minister

In February 1966, charges were raised in Uganda's Parliament that two years earlier Amin, carrying out Obote's orders, had misappropriated $350,000 in gold and ivory from guerrillas in Congo who he was supposed to have supplied with arms. Idi Amin's forces arrested the five ministers who raised the issue and Milton Obote suspended the constitution. Two days later Amin was put in full charge of all the military and the police.

After a few years and two failed but unidentified assassination attempts, Obote started to question Amin’s loyalty to him and ordered his arrest. At that time, Obote was on his way to a commonwealth conference in Singapore, so Amin staged a coup d’etat during his absence on January 25, 1971. He forced Obote into exile. The coup d’etat was done by soldiers and police officers loyal to Amin

Once in power, Amin began mass executions upon the Acholi and Lango, tribes that were loyal to Obote

Idi Amin offered to “become king of Scotland and lead his Celtic subjects to independence from Britain”. He forced white residents of Kampala to carry him on a throne and kneel before him as photographers captured the moment for the world to see.

In 1972, Amin expelled Uganda’s Asian population (between 50 to 70 thousand, resulting in a collapse of the economy)

Most of the time, Amin resorted to violence to oppress all opposition, and some estimates say that he killed up to 500,000 Ugandans during his 8-year rule.

Idi Amin “declared that Hitler had been right to kill six million Jews. Having already called Julius Nyerere, then the president of Tanzania, a coward, an old woman and a prostitute, he announced that he loved Nyerere and ''would have married him if he had been a woman.'' He called Kenneth Kaunda, then the president of Zambia, an ''imperialist puppet and bootlicker'' and Henry A. Kissinger ''a murderer and a spy.'' He said he expected Queen Elizabeth to send him '' her 25-year-old knickers'' in celebration of the silver anniversary of her coronation.”

In 1979, some troops mutinied and escaped across the border into Tanzania. Amin accused the Tanzanian president of causing the unrest, and he retaliated by annexing a strip of land north of the Kagera River. Two weeks later, the Tanzanian army mobilized and managed to retake the land. The war continued, however, and on April 11, 1979, the Tanzanian army occupied the Ugandan capital; Kampala. Amin managed to escape and lived until 2003, then died because of multiple organ failure.

Citations:

biography, .com. “Idi Amin.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 15 Sept. 2020, www.biography.com/political-figure/idi-amin.
CoolBen, Admin. “The Rise to Power of the Butcher of Uganda.” Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training, 30 Aug. 2016, adst.org/2016/08/rise-power-butcher-uganda/.
History.com Editors. “Idi Amin.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 16 Dec. 2009, www.history.com/topics/africa/idi-amin.
Kaufman, Michael T. “Idi Amin, Murderous and Erratic Ruler of Uganda in the 70's, Dies in Exile.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 17 Aug. 2003, www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/world/idi-amin-murderous-and-erratic-ruler-of-uganda-in-the-70-s-dies-in-exile.html.
“Tyranny under Amin.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/place/Uganda/Tyranny-under-Amin.

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Rise to Power:
-He was an active member of socialism, he became an editor of a socialist newspaper called Avanti! And tried to spread the ideas of the party.

-Disagreed with Italy supporting neutrality so he tried convincing the socialist party to support Italian intervention in the war, he was then expelled from the party and became a fascist.

-March on Rome was where Mussolini took advantage of the insatiable economy&society and made promises in October 1922 he led 30,000 Black Shirts in the event.
Police, officials, and many people of authority didn’t stop this movement and the Italian king appointed Mussolini to lead the government as prime minister, he called himself “II Duce”

Methods used to maintain power:
-He used propaganda to gain the support of his people instead of using other harsh methods to obtain control over them.

-His idea was to brainwash the public into supporting his party and ideas so he used the press for propaganda since he knew its importance and that it implements foreign ideas into people’s heads.
Black Shirts played a massive role in silencing his oppositions by arresting and terrorizing them.  If anyone didn’t support or disobeyed the fascist rules they would be in great danger of the Black Shirts.

-At schools, fascist ideologies were taught to promote and instill nationalistic ideologies in the younger generations.

-He made many promises concerning Italy’s economic state and modernized railway stations.

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Link to Fact Sheet

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