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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIcBpRpiBoc

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcVECaJgN-A

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSIDS_lvRv4

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Encryption is the process of using an encryption algorithm and an encryption key to convert the message data into a form that is not understandable without the key. A message before encryption is called plain text. When it is encoded it is called called cipher text

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1. James clicks 'sign' in his email application or selects which file is to be signed.
2. James's computer calculates the 'hash' (the message is applied to a publicly known mathematical hashing function that coverts the message into a long number referred to as the hash).
3. The hash is encrypted with James's Private Key (in this case it is known as the Signing Key) to create the Digital Signature.
4. The original message and its Digital Signature are transmitted to Jonny.
5. Jonny receives the signed message. It is identified as being signed, so his email application knows which actions need to be performed to verify it.
6. Jonny's computer decrypts the Digital Signature using James's Public Key.
7. Jonny's computer also calculates the hash of the original message (remember - the mathematical function used by James to do this is publicly known).
8. Jonny's computer compares the hashes it has computed from the received message with the now decrypted hash received with James's message.

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The Public Key is what its name suggests - Public. It is made available to everyone via a publicly accessible repository or directory. On the other hand, the Private Key must remain confidential to its respective owner. Because the key pair is mathematically related, whatever is encrypted with a Public Key may only be decrypted by its corresponding Private Key and vice versa.

For example, if James wants to send sensitive data to Jonny, and wants to be sure that only Jonny may be able to read it, he will encrypt the data with Jonny's Public Key. Only Jonny has access to his corresponding Private Key and as a result is the only person with the capability of decrypting the encrypted data back into its original form.

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Digital Signatures and Security Services

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A digital signature is used to validate the authenticity of messages, software or digital documents.

This is used like a handwritten signature but it has added security because it holds information on where it originated from, the identity and status of the document and whether there is given consent by the signer.

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A digital certificate is like a passport in the sense that it allows the user access to protected information. A digital certificate cannot be replicated because it holds the name of the certificate holder, a serial number, expiry dates and the certificate holder's public key (to encrypt messages and digital signatures).