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Americans produced the weapons and equipment that would help win the war. In United States, factories converted their peacetime operations to wartime production and made everything from machine guns to boots.
Shortage of consumer goods
In US youngsters saved their pennies and bought government war stamps and bonds to help finance the war
Prejudice against Japaenese Americans. Feb.19, 1942 Roosevelt issued an executive order calling for the internment of Japanese
Americans because they were considered a threat to the country.
D-Day invasion- May 1944

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Consequences of the Wars: Treaties and Peace Ideas

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Consequences of the Wars: Treaties and Peace Ideas

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WW2: The UN was an international organization intended to protect members  against aggression. Each UN could vote on an issue in the General Assembly. The Security Council was a body of 11 members who has the real power to investigate and settle problems. The ideals of rights for the UN was that all are "born free and equal". Everyone has "the right to life, liberty, and justice..."; they also  encouraged liberty and justice for everyone around the world.

The US idea of punishing specific criminals while aiding its former enemies was different than the Treaty of Versailles. After World War 2, European countries were let in ruins so US Secretary of State, George Marshall, created the Marshall Plan to offer aid to needy European nations. Compared to the Treaty of Versailles where the allies blamed countries like Germany for Europe's problems. As for punishing specific criminals, the the Nuremberg Trials 22 Nazi leaders were accused of "crimes against humanity" and waging war of aggression. Ten of those Nazi leaders were executed while the others committed suicide

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Consequences of the Wars: Treaties and Peace Ideas

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Consequences of the Wars: Treaties and Peace Ideas

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WW1:The main provisions in the Versailles Treaty was that a League of Nations was to be formed to prevent any conflict and to keep peace. The treaty punished Germany by taking away most of Germany’s land and it substantially restricted the military operations, but none of these provisions were as bad as Article 231 which put the full responsibility of the war on Germany. As a result of this article Germany had to pay for the full reparations of the war. This was a flawed treaty because after the treaty was signed it left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in the minds of the German people because of how impoverished the entire country of Germany was, which later served as a deciding point in starting WW2 because Hitler tapped into the rage of the people by using extreme nationalism.

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WWI
-Total war means countries devoted all their resources to the war effort

-Because of total war in WWI, women had to work in factories, offices and shops. They also had to build tanks, plow fields, paved streets, ran hospitals, and they supplied troops with food, clothing, and weapons.
-The allies won because of propaganda, rationing, and drafting

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Trench Warfare: By early 1915, opposing armies on the Western Front had dug miles of parallel trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire. In this type of warfare, soldiers fought each other from trenches. the conditions were awful because space was limited and mud was everywhere.  When the commander woke up his soldiers they immediately had to go and fight, and as explained in the book there was blood splashing everywhere.
Types of weapons: machine-guns, artillery fire, calibers, poison gas, larger artillery, tanks, and submarines.
Blitzkrieg Warfare: Hitler and Stalin made a pact, and after making it Hitler quickly moved to conquer Poland. He surprised attacked Poland on September 1st 1939. Germany used technology such as tanks, troop trucks, aircraft, and artillery. Hitler managed to conquer the Western part of Poland. The German invasion of Poland was the first test of Germany's newest military strategy which is called the Blitzkrieg or lighting war. It involved using fast-moving airplanes and tanks, followed by massive infantry forces to take the defenders by surprise and quickly overwhelm them.
Types of Weapons:maxim machine gun, tanks, first military plane, poison gas, blitzkrieg, German me 262 (jet plane) , atomic bomb.
The bomb: The U.S dropped two atomic bombs on Japan and became the first nation to use nuclear weapons. An atomic bomb creates an explosion that causes massive damage. the radioactive particles released are carried by winds for weeks.

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World War 1
Nationalism caused a rivalry among the leading powers of Europe. Nationalism was a deep devotion to one's nation. Nationalism was a factor in causing the war because nations wanted to overpower each other and ethnic groups wanted independence from other countries. The leading powers at the time were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France. This rivalry stemmed from the competition for material and markets, and territorial disputes.
Imperialism and militarism were other causes of the war. Imperialism was extending a nation's power and influence by using military force. Nations competed for colonies in Africa and Asia which increased their hostility towards one another. Militarism was the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war and was also a cause for the war. Many of the nations at the time had powerful militaries that were ready for mobilization.
Mistrust and rivalries also lead many nations to create alliances. An alliance was a group of nations that had a common purpose. If a nation was attacked, its allies would aid it in battle. This was the upside in an alliance, but alliances also had a downside. If two nations declared war on each other, they would drag their allies into a war causing a larger war. Before the war, Germany saw France as a threat to their peace and wanted to form an alliance with many nations so that France didn’t have many allies. Germany had formed the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy, and made a treaty with Russia. The treaty ended in 1890 and Russia formed an alliance with France. Germany was also trying to increase its naval power by building more ships. Great Britain saw it as a threat and join Russia and France forming the Triple Entente.

World War 2
After military leaders took control of Japan, they were looking at foreign expansion, or imperialism, to solve their economic problems. After taking over Manchuria, Japan was told by the League of Nations to stop what they were doing. Japan ignored them and later attacked China. The Japanese were successful and took Beijing and other northern cities while the Chinese retreated westward.

After the League of Nations failed to stop Japan, Mussolini decided build a colonial empire in Africa. Italy attacked Ethiopia and was victorious because of the advances in their technology. The leader asked for help from the League but they did nothing. Britain didn’t intervene when Italian supplies passed through the British-controlled Suez Canal because they hoped it would keep peace in Europe. Hitler actions also weren’t stopped. He disobeyed the Versailles Treaty by rearming Germany and increasing the size of their military. Germany’s militarism allowed it to takeover Rhineland. Britain and France did nothing because the wanted to maintain peace. Later Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an alliance and were known as the Axis Powers. In Spain General Franco received aid from Hitler and Mussolini in his revolt during the Spanish Civil War. His forces were called the Nationalists. The forces of the Republicans received no help except from Soviet Russia. After defeating the republicans, Franco became Spain’s fascist dictator.

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WWI:
At the beginning of WW1 the Central Powers was made up of Germany and Austria- Hungary. The Ottoman Empire joined later on in 1914 and Bulgaria in 1915.
The Allied Powers were made up of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States.

WW2:
The Axis Powers consisted of Germany, Japan, Italy , Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania.
U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and Yugoslavia
were  part of the the Allies.

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WW1
-  Killed more than 9 million soldiers, sailors, and flyers and another 5 million civilians
- It involved more countries (28)
- It cost more money ($338 billion) than any other war.
- Four years of war killed a million troops from the British Empire, 1.5 million troops from the Hapsburg Empire, 1.7 million French troops, 1.7 million Russians, and 2 million German troops
- Influenza (1918) was more destructive than the war itself killing 20 million people world wide.
- Destroyed acres of farmland, homes, villages, and towns.
WW2
- 40 million europeans dead
- Warsaw destroyed
^ By January 1945, only 153,000 people remained
- Berlin totally bombed
^ No water, electricity, or food
- Wandering POWs, cc survivors, and refuges
- Over $300 billion in costs
- Thousands died of famine and disease following after
- Communist party membership and influence began to decline
- Economies of French and Italy slowly began to recover
- Agriculture was disrupted; leading to transportation system ruined with harvest being unable to reach cities (Postwar winter)

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World War I -
On June 28,1914 , a Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand . This caused the Austro-Hungarians wanted to attack Serbia , but Russia promised to back up Serbia if that happened. Germany , ally of Austria-Hungary saw Russia as a threat so Germany declared war on Russia and their ally France.
World War II-
In 1939 at 4:45 am about 1.5 million German troops invaded along  Polish's border. Germany bombed their airfields and German warships attacked Polish Naval forces. Hitler claimed this invasion was a defensive action , but Britain and France didn't agree . So on September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany , initiating the second world war.
On December 7, 1941 Japan organized a surprise attack on Hawaii . The Japanese wanted to destroy their military base . this cause Franklin D. Roosevelt to ask congress to declare war on japan . A couple days later Japanese allies like Germany and Italy declared war on on the United States. Causing the U.s to get involved in the World War II