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Many healthcare professionals play a part in the battle against COVID-19, including physical therapists, nurses, pharmaceutical scientists, and pulmonologists. Every profession has taken a different role in this fight.

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The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented threat to the health of people worldwide. Coronaviruses have been around for many years, but a newly identified form (SARS-CoV-2) is spread through droplets in the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Social distancing and the wearing of masks has been used to prevent the spread, but thousands of new cases arise daily in the United States alone. Symptoms of this virus include fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, a new loss of taste, and muscle or body aches. COVID-19 has proved to be deadly, with a death toll of reaching 250,000 in the United States and over 1.3 million worldwide. COVID-19 can be diagnosed with a laboratory test, and the extensive use of this testing has aided in the prevention of the continued spread. Thankfully, a vaccine is being formulated by medical professionals across the world in hopes to slow the infection and death rates with the use of a widespread vaccine.

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Pulmonologists are doctors that specialize in the respiratory system and as we know the coronavirus attacks the lungs. In early January when this pandemic had started they were trying to figure out how the virus affected children while also using social media to help track the symptoms of others. They used apps like Whats app and Facebook Messenger with groups of journalists, civil society, medical professionals and the general public. Overall, the social media outlet allowed for these lung specialists to gather intel on the virus without harm or risk of spreading it. This helped these doctors realize that people becoming sick but having increasingly harmful complications compared to others, had suffered from a pre-existing condition. Which is of great concern for individuals living with these conditions, and a major challenge for global healthcare systems and biomedical research. As pulmonologists learned more about the virus they realized most children were showing symptoms similar to the flu or common cold. However, it is important to keep in mind that even children who are asymptomatic or demonstrate mild symptoms still play an important role in disease transmission. As of now there are almost 50 million cases, 32.7 million have recovered, and a little more than 1 million have passed away. 94% of the deaths are individuals that suffered from a pre-existing condition.

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COVID-19 is a very serious illness discovered in late 2019.

People who are exposed to the virus may experience respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath or coughing. Also, others may experience symptoms similar to the common cold, such as a runny nose or a fever.

The virus is spread by droplets that come out of the mouth and nose, so that's why it is essential that people wear their masks and social distance.

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In the United States alone, there has been 236,960 death's at the start of November. With COVID-19, there has been many concerns in the community, such as poor heath, economic decline, and people losing their jobs. In all, to get to the bottom of this pandemic, our healthcare workers needs to band together into one strong community in order for a solution to be discovered to end the pandemic.

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How is each profession involved in the fight against COVID-19?

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How is each profession involved in the fight against COVID-19?

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How is each profession involved in the fight against COVID-19?

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How is each profession involved in the fight against COVID-19?

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Q&A with Pulmonologist Dr. Michael Niederman | Weill Cornell Medicine

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Nursing is undoubtedly one of the most affected professions by COVID-19. Not only have nurses sacrificed their life to support patient care, but are also deeply committed to keeping medical institutions as the safest place to be during emergencies. Despite being so directly exposed to the virus, nurses are responsible for caring for patients and in some cases, educating the public about how to keep safe during these unprecedented times.

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Physical Therapist's Fight Against Covid-19 

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Physical Therapist's Fight Against Covid-19 

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Physical Therapists are involved the fight against Covid-19 and our considered to be in the front line fighting in hospitals along with doing home visits. Specifically, physical therapists that are focusing on the heart and lungs. They are used during and after you have recovered from COVID-19 and they help with strength and endurance. Depending on how serious the patient has got it and how long they had it for, different approaches would we taken. If one were hospitalized, but not put a vent once they recovered, they would be weak, have body aches, and the cardiovascular endurance would be less. If the patient were on a ventilator, for either days, weeks, or months, they would also have those symptoms, but the heart and lung would be significantly worse. PT’s would come into the extensive care unit and try to help a patient get active to better their quality of life. This can include just having them sit up and stand up or having them take a few steps. the recovery can be a long and hard process, but physical therapy is necessary so the heart and lungs can go back to what it was if not stronger than before Covid. If the patient was not put on vent, then during their fight of Covid they would be given certain exercises to keep them active whether it be walking or using an exercise bike for a certain amount of times a day. While this is happening in the hospitals, there are still home visits that are being given along with clinical visits, but both of those have several differences due to Covid.

Info from Podcast found on: https://www.choosept.com/radio/detail/physical-therapy-s-role-in-fight-against-covid-19

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Physician Assistants' Fight Against COVID-19

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Physician Assistants' Fight Against COVID-19

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Physicians Assistants are frontline providers caring for millions of patients. Their roles in the healthcare field allows them to be flexible in all different specialties and locations. During Covid-19, physician assistants fight to extend their boundaries to further aid during the coronavirus pandemic. Physician assistants struggle with their limitations in the healthcare field due to their need for supervision. All things considered; physician assistants are extremely irritated with the outdated law that stops them from using their years of experience to help out during the pandemic. With that being said, progressive states like New York, Maine, Massachusetts have lifted the laws that restrict physician assistants to assist other healthcare workers during the pandemic. On the other hand, states like Florida, California, Arizona, and Texas have not lifted the laws to allow physician assistants' freedom in the healthcare field

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Biomedical Scientist Fight against Covid-19

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Biomedical Scientist Fight against Covid-19

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During this terrible time the Biomedical Scientist are really under the heat with this virus. They are working hard to find a cure with the tools that they have with them.
"Biomedical scientists working with COVID-19 have an important new tool to help them better understand the virus and feel confident about the structural models they are using in their research."

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Biomedical scientists working with COVID-19 have an important new tool to help them better understand the virus and feel confident about the structural models they are using in their research.

Wladek Minor, PhD, of the School of Medicine, and other top structural biologists have led an international team of scientists to investigate the protein structures contained in the virus - structures that are vital to developing treatments and vaccines. The team has created a Web resource that provides scientists an easy way to see the progress of the structural biology community in this area. It also includes the team's assessment of the quality of the individual models and enhanced versions of these structures, when possible.

"We have carefully analyzed the available models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and present the results with the aim of helping the broad biomedical community. Structural models are ultimately the interpretation of the original researchers and sometimes are suboptimal. This is why a second set of eyes to validate important structures is so crucial," said Minor, of UVA's Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics. "In most cases, only minor corrections could be suggested. However, in several cases, the revisions were significant, especially in the sensitive area of protein-ligand complexes that are critical for follow-up research, like drug discovery work. The current health crisis demands that all SARS-CoV-2 structures are of the highest quality possible."

Science at Lightning Speed

When the threat of the coronavirus became apparent, scientists worldwide responded at an unprecedented pace to determine the atomic structure of the virus and its protein constituents.

Researchers are using the resulting structural models in a variety of applications, ranging from structure-based drug design to planning a range of biomedical experiments. For that reason, it is essential that the atomic models are as accurate as possible. Because of the urgency of the pandemic, most of these structures are deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), a global repository of macromolecular structures, before publication and peer review.

The members of the team, who are experts in structure validation and interpretation, noticed opportunities to improve several SARS-CoV-2 models using state-of-the-art refinement approaches. That led them to create the new web resource. It is updated with new structures weekly, in sync with the PDB.

In some cases, the team has worked with the researchers who generated the original structure to ensure that the site contains the most accurate models. This team has longstanding experience in correcting biomedically important structural models - for instance, in the field of antibiotic resistance.

"Working on a project driven by strong international collaborations is an enormous opportunity for younger scientists, like Ivan Shabalin and Dariusz Brzezinski, who will undoubtedly lead other highly impactful studies in the near future," Minor said.

"It is extremely rewarding to be able to add my expertise to a project that has the potential to make an immense impact on the lives of millions of people," Shabalin said.

Enhancing COVID-19 Research

The team has described the new resource in a free access article published in the FEBS Journal.

Reference: "Ligand‐centered assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 drug target models in the Protein Data Bank" by Alexander Wlodawer, Zbigniew Dauter, Ivan Shabalin, Miroslaw Gilski, Dariusz Brzezinski, Marcin Kowiel, Wladek Minor, Bernhard Rupp and Mariusz Jaskolski, 17 May 2020, FEBS Journal.
DOI: 10.1111/febs.15366

Project collaborators include Alexander Wlodawer, of the National Cancer Institute (NCI); Zbigniew Dauter, of the NCI & Argonne National Laboratory; Shabalin, of UVA; Miroslaw Gilski, of A. Mickiewicz University (AMU) & Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (IBCH), Polish Academy of Sciences; Brzezinski, of the Poznan University of Technology & IBCH, Poland, and UVA; Marcin Kowiel, of IBCH; Bernhard Rupp, of k.k. Hofkristallamt USA and Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; and Mariusz Jaskolski of AMU and IBCH.

The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, grant R01-GM132595; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, contract HHSN272201700060C; the Polish National Agency for
Academic Exchange, grant No. PPN/BEK/2018/1/00058/U/00001 and the Austrian Science Foundation.

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Biomedical Scientists Create a New Tool for Developing COVID-19 Treatments & Vaccines

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Biomedical scientists working with COVID-19 have an important new tool to help them better understand the virus and feel confident about the structural models they are using in their research. Wladek Minor, PhD, of the School of Medicine, and other top structural biologists have led an internatio

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Public health is used to promote and protect the health and welfare of the entire population within a community.

This is achieved by spreading awareness of diseases, preventing, and detecting the spreading of illnesses, researching diseases, promoting health behaviors, and educating people on how to stay safe from infectious diseases.

We can look at public health as not just one individual puzzle piece or person, but as all the puzzle pieces that are connected to create a full picture, or in this case an entire population.

One example of a public health agency is The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which helps protect Americans by controlling and spreading awareness of infectious diseases to reduce any possible threats to the health of the entire U.S population

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Public Health is focusing on how COVID-19 is impacting the  entire community.

Public Health's main task is planning the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available.

Example: public health is trying to determine the high-risk groups, such as front line workers.

Promotes "social justice" or the balance between individuals and the entire society by being the voice that highlights major issues within the community, such as the spike in unemployment due to the pandemic.

Public health also collaborates with organizations, town officials, as well as federal and state agencies to get an estimate of how many vaccines need to be administered throughout the country.

Due to public health’s collaborations with other agencies, at the state level, public health has started a widespread vaccination campaign to increase emergency funding due to the pandemic.

Public health is also educating the public about vaccines, since a lot of people may be hesitant to get this new vaccine due to misinformation seen on social media and the anti-vaccination movement.

To solve this problem, public health researches diseases spread in the community by sharing only scientific research to the public and they provide scientific-based articles about the benefits of vaccination.

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Example video of what public health would use to educate people about vaccines

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Example video of what public health would use to educate people about vaccines

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What's Herd Immunity? Physician Explains How It Protects Us

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How is each profession involved in the fight against COVID-19?

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How is each profession involved in the fight against COVID-19?

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Covid-19 is a virus originating from China that has changed the world for the worse. Many lives have been changed and/or loss because of COVID-19. In order to keep the virus under control many professions had to step and join the fight against it. Today we'll be going over 4 professions that have had a role in the fight against COVID.

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What role do Epidemiologists serve? Epidemiologist are professionals when it comes to tackling Public Health issues. They are usually employed by Federal Government Agencies and their role is to analyze data to find causes and patterns of Illness and injury in the population. How are Epidemiologist involved with fighting Covid? For Covid Epidemiologist are involved with analyzing Covid data to stop potential spreading, this means tracing outbreaks to the source and controlling those who may be infected. Epidemiologists also have a role in business and stay at home orders, working with the house of representatives to attempt make these orders and regulations come to life. One last important thing to note is that they are involved with predicting the necessary hospital equipment that will be needed to help those who may get infected.

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Nurses all over the world play an important role during disease outbreaks, and during the covid pandemic they are working extremely long hours in order to aide their patients. Most nurses are risking their lives during this pandemic, not just in hospitals but also nursing homes and doctors offices. Often times, nurses are on the front line because they are dealing with patients more frequently and for longer periods of time, when compared to doctors and other professions. Due to the severity and susceptibility of COVID-19, it can often cause a lot of stress and anxiety for those on the front line, so they are using extensive protocols in order to test negative and continue working for their patients. Another impact COVID had has on nurses is they are often given new roles to take on as well as new tasks that they have likely not performed before. This calls for extensive training and longer hours in order to meet all of their patients needs. While adapting to the new norm of wearing masks and washing their hands, nurses also have to wear PPE, consisting of gowns, gloves and sometimes even goggles and full face shields when dealing with patients who have tested positive.

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Pharmaceutical scientists are on the frontline of developing new drugs and figuring out which ones combat which issue. They work for hours in labs and must go through lots of testing and clinical trials before a drug can be released. Pharmaceutical Scientists have been working for months in labs to create a vaccine to protect against COVID-19. Although no vaccine has been released yet, there are many that are in the stages leading up to the release and there are also many clinical trials that are ongoing. All companies are working very hard to come out with a treatment or a vaccine for COVID and are in a race to see who will find one that works first. There are now more than 40 candidates with most in phase 3 of the trial. Companies are using all their resources and investments to put towards a new vaccine. In addition, these companies are working alongside global health authorities and the government. Scientists have to research past diseases and medicines to see what medicines will work with these symptoms. One of the most successful vaccine so far has been founded by Pfizer, which is an American company, and BioNTech, which is a German company. This vaccine has been proven 90% effective in preventing the virus and is in phase 3 trials with more than 40,000 participants. https://youtu.be/8CFs7kD-S8I

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Physical therapists have helped in the fight against Coivd-19 by adapting and changing many of the ways that they would typically treat a patient. The first of these changes is limiting the amount of patients that are seen in person by the physical therapist. To do this, only patients who have conditions that require them to be seen in person are able to schedule appointments. If a person is allowed to schedule an appointment, there are still many precautions taken.

When the patient arrives at the clinic, they must go through a Coivid-19 screening process that involves their temperature being taken, and then the asking of a series of questions. If they pass this screening, they must continue to wear a mask throughout the entire appointment, and the physical therapist does the same. The physical therapist also ensures that the least amount of contact possible is made with the patient, to further lower the risk of infection.

For patients who are not able to be seen in person, telemedicine is being used. This involves the physical therapist video chatting with the patient in real time, and walking them through the exercises that they would have been doing at the clinic. This allows the patient to receive close to the same treatment that they would have been receiving at the clinic, but without having to risk infection. The following is a link to a video about how telemedicine is being used in physical therapy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihi2ascrj5g

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Comparing and contrasting the Professions.

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Comparing and contrasting the Professions.

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There are many similarities and differences with how these professions are handling Covid-19, lets start with what they do similarly. Some major points that are similar between all professions is the need for PPE and making sure their job gets done. In order for this pandemic to lessen, these professions need to continuously use the protective protocols in place so that the spread is contained. Through wearing PPE and discarding old PPE, there is less of a chance for contamination from patient to the health care worker and cross contamination from the the healthcare worker to the patient. Most of the front line workers and even those working in labs experience stress and anxiety due to the likelihood of being exposed, which makes these jobs extremely difficult, but also extremely important. A clear difference is the handling of patients, Nurses have to constantly work with patients who may or may not have Covid-19, while the rest of the professions work with little to no patients like Epidemiologists and Pharmaceutical Scientist or they have decreased contact with patients like Physical therapist.

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Most of our four professions are working indirectly with one another, but by doing so helps against the fight against the virus. For example, Epidemiologists research the virus and different causes of the disease. Then, pharmaceutical scientists use this research to create a vaccine to treat the virus and help stop the spread of it. Nurses use the vaccine on their sick patients to help them get better. Finally, these patients go to physical therapy after getting out of the hospital in order to become stronger.

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Raphael's Epidemiologist sources:
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/epidemiologists.htm
https://www-nature-com.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/articles/d41586-020-02402-5
"FROM ABSTRACT TO REALITY: VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGIST HELPS TO FIGHT SPREAD OF COVID-19." States News Service, 30 Apr. 2020. Gale Academic OneFile Select, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A622428431/EAIM?u=mlin_n_umass&sid=EAIM&xid=a221dc03. Accessed 24 Nov. 2020.
https://www-sciencemag-org.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/news/2020/09/fight-covid-19-young-epidemiologist-bridges-gulf-between-science-and-us-politics
Steven's Physical therapist sources:
“Physical Therapist Management of Patients With Diagnosed or Suspected COVID-19.” APTA, 5 May 2020, www.apta.org/patient-care/public-health-population-care/coronavirus/management-of-patients.
Kayleigh's Nurse Sources: Labrague, L. J., & de Los Santos, J. (2020). Fear of Covid-19, psychological distress, worksatisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. ​Journal of Nursing Management​.

Julia's Pharmaceutical scientist sources.
“The Latest on the Biopharmaceutical Industry's Efforts to Beat Coronavirus.” PhRMA,  https://phrma.org/coronavirus

Erman, Michael, and Julie Steenhuysen. “Pfizer Vaccine Trial Success Signals Breakthrough in Pandemic Battle.” Reuters, Thomson Reuters, 9 Nov. 2020, www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-vaccines-pfizer-idUSKBN27P1ID

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Public Health Professionals' Fight Against COVID-19

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Public Health Professionals' Fight Against COVID-19

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Public health professionals are the ones who have been monitoring and keeping track of the coronavirus throughout this pandemic. Not only have they been gathering information regarding the virus to gain knowledge on what is going on and what they can do to help stop this pandemic, but they have also been making sure that the information they uncover is reached out to the public so they are informed as well. The public health community has been trying to fund and support initiatives to help stop this pandemic such as promoting individuals to get an influenza vaccine so the flu doesn't rise as a big issue alongside COVID-19. As well as social distancing and wearing a mask around others, making a plan for distributing the future vaccine, and many more. They have also been trying to diminish and support the mental strain this pandemic has brought upon many individuals.

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Public health improves quality of life, extends life expectancy, reduces human suffering and saves resources over the long term.

Donate today and help APHA promote and protect the health of all people by creating the healthiest nation in one generation.

APHA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

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Public health improves quality of life, extends life expectancy, reduces human suffering and saves resources over the long term. Donate today and help APHA promote and protect the health of all people by creating the healthiest nation in one generation. APHA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

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Nurses directly interact with patients who have the virus. They are constantly in danger because of this exposure. In order to treat patients efficiently, they must assign degrees of urgency to wounded or ill patients. They provide care to all their patients while also carrying out infectious disease prevention, such as social distancing techniques. Nurses also maintain supplies of medical equipment and protective equipment by making sure other people do not steal or hoard those items. Since the pandemic is so out of hand, they much enforce sanitation rules and procedures while also teaching others symptom awareness and sanitation. Since nurse’s work overtime, they must minimize face to face contact with patients to keep themselves safe. Communicating with family members of patients is also a very hard part of the job, especially when your patient dies. Other responsibilities include quarantining patients, monitoring disease progression, monitoring nutrition and exercise of patients, and providing psychological support to their patients and family. At the end of the day nurses must also change out of their work clothes before entering their homes to protect their family from the virus.

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Below is video of a nurse explaining what it's like to be working during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Life of a COVID-19 Nurse at Harborview’s ICU | UW Medicine

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Physical therapists have been forced to adapt through the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways. Changes in patient care, methods, and safety have been made throughout the entirety of the pandemic. One of the primary challenges faced by physical therapists during the pandemic is related to patient intake. Some of the most difficult decisions are surrounding whether to treat patients or close outpatient clinics in the interest of health safety. Decisions such as these are especially taxing in a time like this because there is a large surge of patients in need of physical therapy after facing serious disease. While some outpatient clinics were shut down initially, many have opened back up and those who were able to stay open used many safety precautions to protect the health of patients. Another major challenge faced by physical therapists is their changing work environment. Many appointments have been held in a social distancing friendly manner, using telemedicine. These appointments typically involve a physical therapist talking the patient through stretches and exercises. Patients receiving physical therapy have also been effected.  Most patients face COVID-19 screening or testing prior to receiving treatment, and it is recommended that those who are considered at-risk to shift to telemedicine. Physical therapists have also faced an influx of the number of patients with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. People who have been hospitalized with COVID-19 need physical therapy to build their strength and get back on their feet.

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Physical Therapy Treatment for COVID-19 Victims

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Physical Therapy Treatment for COVID-19 Victims

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Below is the link for a short video describing the beginning of treatment for Tony, who spent 3 weeks in the ICU with COVID-19.

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Journey to Recovery: COVID-19 Rehabilitation at Athletico Physical Therapy

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During the covid-19 pandemic, pharmaceutical scientists have been hard at work researching and developing new drugs to help combat the virus. Many pharmaceutical scientist are hard at working right now to create a viable vaccine to combat Covid-19. While they don't have to to come face to face with patients, pharmaceutical scientist fight behind the scenes for the well-being of the people. Currently, many different pharmaceutical companies have announced that they are in the final stages of the vaccination trials and are almost ready to release the vaccine.

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Pharmaceutical Scientist fight against Covid-19

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Pharmaceutical Scientist fight against Covid-19

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Facts about Vaccine distribution in the U.S

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COVID-19 Vaccine U.S. Distribution Fact Sheet

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Pfizer is working closely with the U.S. government, including state officials, on vaccine distribution, and we are very grateful for their partnership. Pfizer is a proven, reliable multinational vaccine producer, supplying vaccines to more than

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Dr. Fauci and other health leaders talk about vaccines.

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

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Tell Me More | Episode 1 | Tell Me More About Vaccines

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- Each of these professions experienced a shift in their roles in everyday work.
-All of them, in different ways, have made an impact in the recovery of patients with COVID-19.
-Nurses, Pulmonologists, and Physical therapists all work one on one with patients.
-Pulmonologists and nurses work with patients during the time they are sick.
-Professionals in all of these positions are losing family time due to the increased need during the pandemic.
-All of the workers in these positions face personal health safety risks.
-Pulmonologists and Pharmaceutical Scientists both work on looking for a cure while not directly working with patients.

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-Pharmaceutical scientists do not work directly with patients because they are in labs studying and developing new medications.
-Physical therapists are more focused on the aftermath of COVID-19 instead of the duration of their sickness.
-Nurses and Pulmonologists work directly with patients while they have COVID-19.
-Pulmonologists focus on the symptoms that are related to the lungs, while nurses are more focused on the overall well-being of the patients.

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How do these professionals support each other's efforts against COVID-19?

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How do these professionals support each other's efforts against COVID-19?

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COVID-19 has made the lives of healthcare professionals extremely difficult. All of the workers in these positions go out of their way to make the lives of others easier and safer. For example, each of these professions are focused on different stages of the COVID-19 virus. Some professions are focused more on mitigation, while some are more focused on recovery and getting back to full health. These professions work together indirectly, although their efforts combine into the overall health of the patient.

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-It is a field of study which involves working by seeking out new drugs as well as making new drugs that can be used to improve the well-being of people in society.

--The difference between working in the field of pharmaceutical science and being a pharmacist is that those that work in pharmaceutical science work in labs to develop new drugs that can be used to treat illnesses or pre- existing conditions, while a pharmacist can prescribe and administer drugs that already exist

-Some of the top pharmaceutical companies out there include Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and and Roche

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Pharmaceutical Science's Fight Against COVID-19

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Pharmaceutical Science's Fight Against COVID-19

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-People are depending on pharmaceutical scientists very heavily in hopes of finding a vaccine for COVID
-As of right now there is no vaccine available and the best way to avoid contracting COVID-19 is to maintain good hygiene(e.g handwashing), wearing a mask when out in public spaces, maintain good social distancing of 6 feet, and avoid people that may be potentially exposing themselves to the virus
-Most recently there have been a few possible candidates for a vaccine manufactured from companies Moderna and Pfizer
-Both vaccines are said to be 95% effective
-The vaccines are given in two doses, on small dose is administered, then the second dose is given a month later
-The only known side effects is pain at the injection site
-Although the vaccines seem promising, it has to be approved by the FDA to determine if it safe to be given to people
-so far no one has any severe reactions to the second dose of the vaccine
-once approved, the pharmaceutical companies have to prove if they can produce the vaccines at a large scale
-Moderna promised that 20 million doses will be out by the end of 2020,while Pfizer states that it will distribute 50 million
Sources
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859

https://www.phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/0-9/091120-DevelopingNewVaccinesandTreatments.pdf

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/11/16/moderna-pfizer-covid-vaccine-heres-what-we-know-them/6308571002/

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What is Occupational Therapy          (OT)?

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What is Occupational Therapy          (OT)?

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Occupational therapy is a very rewarding profession that helps others recover and perform the meaningful activities of life to a variety of populations.

They can work in many different settings: schools, hospitals, including rehabilitation and mental health hospitals, prisons, etc.

The OT has to make each therapy exercise custommed to the patient’s needs. This is called a holistic approach.

An OT uses the patient’s own, preferred, meaningful “occupations” as their main form of intervention. Initially, the therapist will gather an occupational profile, to understand what motivates the individual to reach their goals, improve independence, and ultimately, their quality of life.

An “occupation” can be anything the individual does from the moment they wake up in the morning until they go to sleep at night.

The main occupations fall under the following categories: ADLs, IADLs, sleep, leisure, work/education, play, social participation.

ADLs are activities of daily living that are needed like feeding, dressing, bathing, toileting.

IADLs are meal prep, driving, child care, pet care.

It is very important to help rehabilitate that person to return to their prior level of function or learn how to work through life changing events.

Sources

https://www.aota.org/Conference-Events/OTMonth/what-is-OT.aspx

https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/psychosocial/principles/Pages/holistic.aspx

https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/Advocacy/Federal/coding/OT-Practice-Framework-Table-1-Occupations.pdf

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, occupational therapists’ role continues to be relevant and vital to those affected directly and indirectly.

For example, especially with the geriatric population, elders are becoming more deconditioned as quarantine continues.

These people who sustained injuries or were in need of OT before the pandemic still need it, it does not disappear.

OT’s are having an increased role in telehealth but many still but still go out to treat the client in person like in home health etc.

On the AOTA website they write, “First priority is to facilitate the information sharing, guidance, and advocacy that will equip you to navigate through complex situations.” Communication is key right now between OT’s since things are so drastically different.

Sources

https://www.aota.org/Practice/Manage/telehealth/Nonphysician-Evisits.aspx

https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/Practice/Ethics/Advisory/Ethical-Response-to-COVID-19.pdf

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Clinical science is the part of health that is focused around testing/diagnoses and treatments. They analyze biospecimen for any abnormalities in levels such as iron, sugar, etc. Particularly with people that need to watch their levels (let’s say diabetes), testing is important for monitoring their condition.
Depending on the size of the lab they work in, they may also be the ones to collect the samples or have someone employed to collect the samples.
Besides that there is also testing done for viruses or bacterial infections such as the flu or strep throat.
Sources:
BECOMING A CLINICAL LABORATORY PROFESSIONAL. (n.d.), from https://ascls.org/career-center-lab-pros

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Currently the field is under a lot of pressure for testing.
Testing for Covid-19 requires collecting a sample from the nasal cavity.

Source:
Testing for COVID-19. (n.d.), from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html

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Med Lab Scientists: Unsung heroes in diagnosing COVID-19

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-Exercise science is a theory-based, research that aims to understand and promote individual well-being by applying solutions to health problems that are related to physical inactivity.

-Exercise science can sometimes be confused with kinesiology but they are not the same thing. Kinesiology is a broad field that deals with the study of movement, function and performance and how that movement affects overall health. So exercise science is a subcategory of kinesiology.

-With an exercise science degree you can become a physical therapist. PTs evaluate your condition and develop a care plan that guides your therapy. They also teach you special exercises to help you move and function better. A PT’s overall goal is to ease pain and help you function, move, and live better.

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Physical Therapist's Fight Against Covid-19

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Physical Therapist's Fight Against Covid-19

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Physical therapists have played an important role in patients lives throughout the course of the pandemic. PT's help reduce strain on the healthcare system by keeping their patients out of emergency rooms. PT's have also been helping assist patients who have had major surgeries delayed, lessen their pain until they can have their previously approved procedures. Physical therapists across the country are also now seeing patients who have recovered from Covid-19 and are putting them through rehab as part of their coronavirus treatment. Lauren Stiles is a PT who works with recovered Covid cases and talks about life after overcoming Covid-19 and says “Once patients recover from COVID symptoms, their journey is not over. They may still require coronavirus treatment in order to get back to normal after their initial recovery. A percentage of patients require hospitalization, meaning bed rest is necessary in order for them to recover. Although this is necessary, it can lead to complications of the musculoskeletal system including strength loss, atrophy and contracture. These deficits can lead to difficulty standing from a seated position, walking and performing daily activity, as well as increases in pain. Physical therapy can help improve these deficits through a personalized exercise prescription. Illness and hospitalization also lead to decreased endurance and reduced lung capacity post recovery. Physical therapy can address this by using exercise to improve aerobic capacity while patients’ levels of exertion are being monitored.”

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

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https://go-gale-com.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=mlin_n_umass&id=GALE%7CA635554500&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco&password=NostimonHmar&ugroup=outside

https://www.provocollege.edu/blog/on-the-front-lines-the-role-of-nurses-during-a-pandemic/

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/doi/full/10.1002/ppul.24870

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=22&sid=19d50c2b-993f-4f4e-954a-eef66f581fc0%40sdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=32903476&db=cmedm

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.umasslowell.idm.oclc.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=19&sid=60db4f58-aa12-49ff-b86e-23cc6b269ce2%40sessionmgr4008

https://www.lung.org

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264618/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7439639/

https://youtu.be/aBoaCHKJKd8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9jjceShUCI

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/index.html

https://www.apta.org/patient-care/public-health-population-care/coronavirus

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Dietitians are highly qualified and legally regulated. They are the only professionals specifically trained to support the nutrition and hydration needs of acutely and chronically ill people with a wide range of conditions and monitor the nutritional status of populations at risk, including older adults and people with food insecurity. Dietitians are essential to ensuring that nutrition is delivered in the safest and most effective way for each patient. Dietitians are experts in assessing the nutritional demands of each individual patient taking into account the age, gender and other underlying medical conditions the patient may have. Dietitians have an important role in rehabilitation, reducing risk of complications and shortening recovery times. Patients who have suffered COVID-19 and have been hospitalized will be at increased risk of malnutrition and will likely have suffered loss of muscle during their stay.

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How Various Professions Support each others Efforts

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How Various Professions Support each others Efforts

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Various healthcare professions support each other through collaboration, where each profession focuses on a specific role in order to work towards the common goal of ending this pandemic.

Examples
1.)Pharmaceutical science helps create a vaccine to be distributed to the public. By doing so, it will help the other professions implement a care plan for their patients and to instruct them how to maintain good health.

2.)Clinical Lab Science allows us to identify who has a disease in order to get them treatment and monitor how they are doing as well as make sure that they don’t spread it if it’s a contagious disease.

3.)Since OT takes a holistic approach, they still will need to look at what is affecting their client/patient individually, specifically accounting for public health issues going on in the world. This could result in the collaboration from other professions, like exercise science. For example an OT may look at how well a person can move after developing a disease and may refer them to a PT train the person to help strengthen them.

4.)Public health initially tries to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, giving the other professions time to prepare and discover new treatments. Also, they provide vaccination education to the public to encourage others to get the vaccine created by clinical and laboratory sciences.

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Healthcare Workers Work together like an assembly line

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Healthcare Workers Work together like an assembly line

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Essentially, the collaboration of each profession can be thought of as an assembly line, where work is passed down and built off of the work done by the previous profession. Little pieces are added by each profession until the final product or a vaccine in this case is produced.

How Work is Passed Down
1.)Public health initially tries to prevent the spread of the virus by spreading education around the community based on scientific research.
2.)This allows clinical laboratory science to focus on researching diagnoses and monitoring the progress of the disease when the prevention fails.
3.)Based on the diagnoses and data discovered by clinical laboratory science, pharmaceutical science works on developing new drugs or in this case a vaccine to treat the disease.
4.)Lastly, occupational therapy and exercise science complements the other professions by helping individuals that could be exposed to COVID-19 that already received treatment adapt back to the environment. As well as help people cope with how to live safely while continuing their generally normal daily tasks.

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What do you see in common and what is different about the approach taken by each profession?

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What do you see in common and what is different about the approach taken by each profession?

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Nutritionists have helped in the fight against COVID- 19 by informing people of the proper nutrition and nutritional benefits they should be taking into account during this ongoing pandemic. Keeping a balanced diet is important for a strong immune system which is exceptionally important to consider during this time. Being locked in isolation for long periods of time can cause changes to peoples sleep schedule, eating habits, and the amount of physical activity they are getting. Proper sleep, nutrition, and physical activity, are all key factors in keeping your immune system strong and healthy. This recent lock down has also caused people develop behaviors that affect both mental and physical health which can lead to an increased risk of obesity. On the other hand, these changes to mental and physical health can also cause people to lose an unhealthy amount of weight. People may be enduring more anxiety or depression during this pandemic which can lead to less of a desire to eat or even leave bed, which can lead to unhealthy amount of weight being lost and even potentially cause eating disorders. Nutritionists have recommended taking supplements to strengthen your immune system. Supplements such as probiotics, vitamin D, and vitamin C are all good to take to help with immune system strength. Along with supplements you should also focus on maintaining a healthy diet. It is important to incorporate fruits and vegetables into your diet, along with whole grains, protein, drinking lots of water, and avoiding caffeinated beverages. Adding exercise into your day is also a great way to stay healthy, especially during the ongoing pandemic.

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Your access to the NCBI website at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov has been temporarily blocked due to a possible misuse/abuse situation involving your site. This is not an indication of a security issue such as a virus or attack. It could be something as simple as a run away script or learning how to better use E-utilities, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25497/, for more efficient work such that your work does not impact the ability of other researchers to also use our site. To restore access and understand how to better interact with our site to avoid this in the future, please have your system administrator contact info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

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Your access to the NCBI website at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov has been temporarily blocked due to a possible misuse/abuse situation involving your site. This is not an indication of a security issue such as a virus or attack.

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Video on Importance of Nutrition During Covid-19

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Video on Importance of Nutrition During Covid-19

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This video talks about how having good nutrition and dietary habits is important in order to keep your immune system strong, especially during times like these with an ongoing pandemic.

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"Nutrition for Immunity during COVID-19" Extra Helpings: From the 'Food as Medicine' series

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Nurses are on the front line fighting COVID-19. Not only in hospitals, but in nursing homes and even teaching roles. They play a large role in many different areas including:

Education

Infection Prevention

Treatment

For education, they help educate the public on strategies to prevent the virus, like hand washing and avoiding touching your face. They can help you recognize early symptoms, and screen potential patients so they can get help as quickly as possible. Nurses also implement these strategies in hospitals. They use proper hand hygiene, PPE, disinfection, and many more to try and prevent spread as they do their jobs.
Nursing also plays a big role in nursing home facilities. Elderly residents are at a much higher risk if they get infected. Nurses must prepare safe environments for these residents, and they must have care plans in place in case a resident does get sick so they can prevent anyone else contracting the virus.
Finally, and most importantly, nurses provide care to patients with COVID-19 who are in acute or critical condition. Nurses must provide critical care because pneumonia could develop and lead to death in many patients.

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What it's like to work with COVID-19 patients in ICU

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What it's like to work with COVID-19 patients in ICU

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This video shows viewers a little of what it's like working in a COVID ICU, and the hard realities of the virus.

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Life of a COVID-19 Nurse at Harborview’s ICU | UW Medicine

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Pharmacists are known as front line workers and are a vital component when it comes to responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. They have continued to provide direct patient care and perform frontline duties such as providing medicines, vaccines, therapeutics, and critical health services to the public. In the spike of this pandemic, while other professions closed their doors to the public, pharmacists remained open to the public. Two types of pharmacists that continued to provide support to the healthcare system and the public during this pandemic are community and hospital pharmacists.Community pharmacists have been delivering medication to patients free of charge, while making sure to educate their patients on health related services. It is important that community pharmacists have continued to perform consultations on minor medical conditions of patients as well as making sure the patients are safe by implementing face coverings and using different strategies to minimize close contact between pharmacy staff and between patients. Hospital or clinical pharmacists have also played a vital role in response to COVID-19. Their primary objective is always to ensure that patients are utilizing their medication in a safe manner. Some activities they have done during this pandemic include managing drug shortages, responding to pathogen outbreaks, developing local treatment protocols, and most importantly, exploring new drug therapies related to COVID-19. Although there is not a current cure for the coronavirus, hospital pharmacists have been spending their time evaluating new drugs during clinical trials to hopefully search for some sort of cure to this virus. Pharmacists throughout the country have not stopped working due to this outbreak, and have in fact been required to complete more responsibilities within their workforce. Pharmacists play an extremely important role in the healthcare system in regards to COVID-19 and will not stop until they find a cure.

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The Critical Role of Pharmacists During COVID

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The Critical Role of Pharmacists During COVID

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Pharmacy Department Plays Critical Role During COVID-19

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What do you see in common and what is different about the approach taken by each profession?

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What do you see in common and what is different about the approach taken by each profession?

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Nutritionists, nurses, pharmacists all specialize in individual treatment while public health professionals are to care for the general public

They all need to follow basic health guidelines, as well as CDC guidelines

Regardless of how different each profession is, each one has the patients/general public best interests in mind

They all are essential workers

Public health works with numbers and data whereas nutritionists and nurses are more hands on

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

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Pharmacists and public health workers are both working related to the vaccine

Pharmacists are trying to find a vaccine by experimenting with new drugs and public health workers are trying to figure out what to do with the vaccine once it’s out

Public health professionals(ex: CDC) implemented interventions to keep people safe and to prevent transmission of the virus, guidelines which each profession needs to follow in the workplace

Based on dietary restrictions and conditions, nutritionists and nurses need to work together to be careful about the individual's treatment plan, this includes medication which is provided by pharmacists

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Although they are still providing visits a lot of change due to Covid-19. In conducting home visits and clinical visits, social distancing is put in place along with the appropriate amount of PPE. That would include face mask, face shields, gown, and gloves. Sometimes the physical therapist did not have those PPS because the nurses and respiratory therapists came first. Along with that the number of patients that they can see is also limited. They are screened for temperature upon entry and common questions are asked that go along with Covid, for example do you have a cough or have you had a fever within the last few days. The appointments remain as contactless as possible to prevent any contraction of Covid-19. Along with this some of the patients are seen through video chat if not necessary to go in person

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One of the things put in place is called the PACER project, short for Post acute Covid-19 exercise rehabilitation. This project was created to spread education to other rehabilitation specialists about the use of PT's for those who are at greater risk for health consequences if they contract Covid, this will include if they have a chronic health condition. With this project, they give up resources that they use to the public, so others can help those people when the PT isn't available. They make the other rehabilitation specialists aware of the aftermath of Covid and what needs to be done to rehabilitate. That way others in the hospital can help the patients once it is time for them to strengthen their heart and lungs.

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https://www.prorehab-pc.com/2020/09/coronavirus-and-physical-therapy/

https://www.choosept.com/radio/detail/physical-therapy-s-role-in-fight-against-covid-19

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How is a registered dietitian involved in the fight against covid-19?

Dietitians assess and play a huge role in helping with the COVID-19 patients. The dieticians assess the patients coming into the hospital and they look at the patients eating and hydration habits. They also help by creating an individualized nutrition and hydration plan for patients with COVID to help them recover.

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What is different and what is the same for dietitians working during a pandemic?Usually people are referred to see a dietitian by a doctor or a nurse and this still is the case for COVID-19 patients. This is probably  most people’s first time seeing a dietitian. Treatment is different for COVID-19 patients opposed to patients who have other health conditions like obesity, diabetes, or anorexia that require a dietitian. Dietitians are trying to help come up with the best plan and assess the nutritional needs of the COVID-19 patients. The same way as they would for other patients who don’t have the virus.

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

Dietitians work with many other medical professionals in the field to help treat and care for patients with COVID-19. They rely on doctors to diagnose the patient with the virus. They need nurses to help care for and monitor the patients and assist the doctor. Dietitians also rely on lab workers to help test patients and  get results for the patients covid tests. All these medical professionals help the dietitian formulate a plan on how to best  treat the specific  patient with COVID-19.

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work cited:https://www.eatrightpro.org/media/press-releases/positions-and-issues/rdns-play-integral-role-in-treating-patients-with-covid-19

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Be it in daily routine or disasters, nurses are on the frontline and are responsible for providing holistic care for all types of patients. Considering the fact that nurses constitute the majority of healthcare providers, they have a critical function in healthcare systems [2, 5]. Their roles in treating patients with COVID-19 involve triaging patients and detecting suspected cases with infections; providing essential treatment in an emergency and dealing with suspected patients with precautions; helping in decontamination and coordination with other healthcare providers; supplying holistic nursing practices in managing multiple infections simultaneously; playing critical roles in expanding care services; and dealing with relatives [7]. In crises, they have more tasks to satisfy patients and their families; therefore, nurses must be well equipped with essential knowledge and skills in managing crises involving clinical treatment, decontamination, isolation, communication, triaging, psychological support, and palliative care if necessary [8-11]. However, when they respond to a crisis such as COVID-19, they face problems that hinder them from caring for the infected patients.

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How are health care professionals supporting one another?

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How are health care professionals supporting one another?

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There are a number of ways to start up your own peer support group, as formally or informally as you want. Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, MA launched a task force in 2004 to develop a support service for care providers – the article “Peer support: healthcare professionals supporting each other after adverse medical events” lays out how the program was implemented. After a clinical colleague came in as a patient and experienced near death, one-on-one and group peer support sessions were offered; group participants felt a deep sense of esprit de corp and healing that went beyond the immediate crisis. Peers for Progress, an organization out of University of North Carolina’s Gillings School of Global Public Health, has resources on creating a peer support program that is structured for sustainability. On a smaller scale, you and a partner can sign up for PeerRx, a guided peer-to-peer program for people working in health care to keep burnout at bay. But peer support doesn’t have to be formal. Something as simple as starting a Facebook group, group chat, or even message board in the workplace can be beneficial. By creating a resource hub, you open up a way for people to share articles, tips, knowledge, and emotional support.

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What are some similarities and differences between nursing and other professions' fights against Covid-19?

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What are some similarities and differences between nursing and other professions' fights against Covid-19?

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During Covid-19, health care professionals have been in the spotlight for their excellent work ethic and caring nature. The biggest similarity between all professions during this pandemic is the focus on the health of the patients. Based on readings, all health care professionals have the same goal in mind and that is to keep as many patients as healthy as they can. As far as differences go, nurses and physicians tend to be the ones on the inside of the situations while other health care professionals may be supporting from afar. Nurses have been the ones providing direct care to patients in ICUs and hospitals. Mental health professionals, dietitians, physical therapists, and more have been there for patient support after the initial care is over.

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https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/509361

https://mhanational.org/how-healthcare-workers-can-support-each-other

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Nurse describes effects of Covid-19 on team

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Nurse describes effects of Covid-19 on team

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6euHAOg-IM

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Steps you can take to help keep your family and friends safe. Dietitians advice that you limit exposure and support your health through proper nutrition, and home food safety strategies.

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Follow These Tips to Help Keep Your Family Safe

Concerns Regarding COVID-19

COVID-19, also known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019, is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. COVID-19 is affecting communities throughout the world, and organizations such as the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are recommending populations at increased risk for complications - including older adults and individuals with serious chronic medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and lung disease - take extra precautions to protect their health.

Health agencies are also encouraging all individuals to stay home as much as possible, especially if there is an outbreak in their community. It is currently recommended that if you develop a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, to call your healthcare provider before going to the hospital or emergency room.

Food Safety Concerns

While practicing home food safety and good personal hygiene are always important, handwashing is especially critical in reducing the spread of COVID-19 and should be done often. Before preparing or eating food, it's important to wash your hands with clean water and soap for a minimum of 20 seconds. You should also wash your hands after being out in public, touching your face, coughing, sneezing, blowing your nose, or using the bathroom. If handwashing is not an option, hand sanitizer with at least 60-percent alcohol may be used until soap and water become available. Other practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting countertops and other surfaces can also serve as protection to you and others.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there is currently no evidence to suggest that COVID-19 can be transmitted through food or food packaging, but sharing food and beverages is discouraged. It is believed that the virus spreads from person-to-person through close contact or respiratory droplets, for instance when a person coughs or sneezes. However, it may be possible for viruses to survive on surfaces and objects, reinforcing the need to observe proper hygiene and food safety practices.

When ordering takeout or having food delivered practice social distancing, maintaining a distance of six feet, whenever possible. Proper food safety practices should always be implemented while preparing foods. This includes frequently washing hands with soap and water and washing surfaces and utensils with hot soapy water after each use.

Regular handwashing, along with routine cleaning and disinfecting, especially all frequently touched surfaces, remain the most effective ways to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Get more tips on shopping for food, accepting deliveries and other essential errands from the CDC.

Access to Food

During this public health emergency, government agencies have developed flexibilities to help individuals who use programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has also developed plans for children who participate in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs so that they are able to have continued access to food during prolonged school closures.

Older adults and other individuals who are considered at increased risk for complications from COVID-19 should evaluate the foods they have at home. If you are at high-risk or are unable to get the items you need, consider contacting family or friends to assist. Meal delivery and grocery delivery services may be available as an alternative option, and many businesses are offering additional precautions to help reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19.

Supplements and Claims for Cures

Currently, there are no known cures for COVID-19, though research is underway to develop a vaccine. In its continuing efforts to protect consumers, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been monitoring and warning companies that offer fraudulent products which claim to help prevent, diagnose, treat or cure COVID-19. Untested supplements and other products touted as a prevention or cure to COVID-19 that are not regulated by the FDA may be dangerous and potentially life threatening. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and FDA have jointly issued warning letters to sellers of unapproved and misbranded products claiming they can treat or prevent the virus. Learn more here.

If you think you may have COVID-19, contact your healthcare provider to discuss testing options and treatment.

For the most up-to-date information on COVID-19, check the CDC website and continue to follow the recommendations from local and federal government agencies.

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Follow These Tips to Help Keep Your Family Safe COVID-19, also known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019, is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. COVID-19 is affecting communities throughout the world, and organizations such as the World Health Organization and the U.S.

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Similarities Between Each Professions Approach Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Similarities Between Each Professions Approach Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic

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1.)A commonality between the approach between each profession is sharing findings or test results to the community in order to predict and solve recurring problems that arise within the community.

Example: in the past couple of weeks the company Pfizer and BioNTech have developed a gene-based vaccine that has shown great promise in the early stages of development. The early success of this vaccine could possibly be used as a predictor that scientists are closer to finding a solution to stop the spread of COVID-19.

2.) All the professions are geared towards offering the best care for patients and are going above and beyond to accomplish this.

3.)All of the healthcare workers are expected to follow the guidelines given to them for this pandemic, such as wearing a mask or putting on personal protective equipment (PPE)

4.) All healthcare providers put the patient health first before anything else. For example, OT sees what limits the patients movement and public health is concerned with the general health of the entire community.

5.) Health care workers are experiencing work burnout due to the prolonged stress of the pandemic by trying to fix and save the lives of thousands of people. This ultimately puts a strain on healthcare workers mental health.

NOTE: They are taking care of us, but who is taking care of them?

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Differences Between Each Professions Approach Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Differences Between Each Professions Approach Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic

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The differences between the work that each healthcare profession does brings healthcare workers together by using their individual skills to work towards a common solution to end this pandemic.

Examples

1.) Public health, pharmaceutical, and clinical laboratory science are all based on serving the community based on research to provide the best care for patients. Occupational therapy and exercise science are all based on working and treating the patient directly based on their specific needs.

2.) Occupational therapy and physical therapy focus more on the individual growth of a patient (holistic approach), where the other professions are working on a solution to benefit the whole community, whether that be by getting a vaccine or educating the community about why vaccination is important.

3.) Clinical lab science and pharmaceutical science are both almost entirely behind the scenes and work on microscopic levels trying to find the problems or solutions we can’t find with the naked eye.
4.) Pharmaceutical sciences does not involve working with patients directly and just makes the medicine and in turn they inform healthcare professionals on how to administer it and can guide them through patient teaching.

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Not only do the healthcare workers need to work as a team, us as a community need to work together as well to stop the spread of COVID-19.

Healthcare workers can only do so much to stop the spread of COVID-19.

If society decides to ignore wearing a mask and social distancing, then more lives will be lost simply due to citizens not following the rules.

Shouldn’t we want to be part of the solution to end this pandemic, not the problem that causes further spreading of COVID-19?

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Together We Thrive | Kaiser Permanente (:30)

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How Can You Help Healthcare Workers to Keep Others Safe?

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How Can You Help Healthcare Workers to Keep Others Safe?

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As human beings, we create one big community that is supposed to support and help one another. It is critical for others to become part of the fight of COVID-19 by wearing a mask and social distancing. It this case it does not take one person to make a difference, it takes all of us as a community. If we do not do our part, it makes healthcare workers job more challenging when trying to safe lives.

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Alycia's  Works Cited

Krisberg, Kim. “Public Health Ramps up for COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign: Agencies Readying.” The Nation's Health, American Public Health Association, 1 Oct. 2020, thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/content/50/8/1.1.

Wetsman, Nicole. “Pfizer's Announcement Shows the Promise of Gene-Based Vaccines.” The Verge, The Verge, 12 Nov. 2020, www.theverge.com/21562309/pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-gene-based.

“What Is Public Health?” AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION, www.apha.org/what-is-public-health.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mQkK2Dy2kI
https://about.kaiserpermanente.org/our-story/news/announcements/together-we-can-fight-the-spread-of-covid-19
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=66&v=oy1CAMObRzc&feature=emb_title
Janell"s sources
Brakeville, Ross. “Physical Therapy Exercises, Manual Therapy, Hydrotherapy. How It Works.” WebMD, WebMD, 27 July 2019, www.webmd.com/pain-management/what-is-physical-therapy.

“Coronavirus Treatment: How PT Helps with Life After COVID.” SporTherapy, 18 June 2020, www.sportherapy.com/2020/06/pt-coronavirus-treatment/.

“Physical Therapy's Role in the Fight Against COVID-19.” American Physical Therapy Association, 17 Sept. 2020, www.choosept.com/radio/detail/physical-therapy-s-role-in-fight-against-covid-19.

“What Are Exercise Science and Kinesiology?: George Fox University.” What Are Exercise Science and Kinesiology? | George Fox University, www.georgefox.edu/college-admissions/academics/article/exercise-science.html.

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What do you see in common and what is different about the approach taken by each profession?

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What do you see in common and what is different about the approach taken by each profession?

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Among all frontline workers there is a common struggle to keep up with covid-19 spikes of 2000+ cases per day.

Lack of Personal Protective Equipment

The constant cycle of rationing and reusing PPE

Frontline workers continued to put their lives at risk without the proper equipment

President-elect Joe Biden issued to invoke the Defense Production Act to boost PPE supply.

Concerns of PTSD Among Frontline Workers

Medical professionals, young and old, are witnessing a increase rate of patients becoming worst and dying in isolation

working under extreme and mental conditions

overwhelming stress of keeping themselves/ families safe from Covid-19

With that being said, medical professionals stressed for all frontline workers to seek therapy to assist their PTSD.

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Frontline Health Workers May Face Traumatic Stress After COVID-19 Crisis Ends

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

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How do the various professions complement and support one another’s efforts?

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Collaboration of all healthcare professions is very important to the wellbeing of the healthcare system. Together all the professions make up the system. They all cooperatively work together, share responsibilities, and make decisions regarding patient care.  Together they make up an effective team to save lives.  They all have different jobs and approaches but their end goal is the same.

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(n.d.). Retrieved from http://theana.org/

AAPA Calls on Governors to Empower Physician Assistants in COVID-19 Fight. (2020, March 31). Retrieved from https://www.aapa.org/news-central/2020/03/aapa-calls-on-governors-to-empower-physician-assistants-in-covid-19-fight/

ANA Enterprise: American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/

Bradley, M., & Chahar, P. (2020, June 30). Burnout of healthcare providers during COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.ccjm.org/content/early/2020/07/01/ccjm.87a.ccc051

CRNAs' Role in Critical Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.staffcare.com/physician-blogs/crnas-role-in-critical-care-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/

Doyle, A. (n.d.). Physician Assistant Job Description: Salary, Skills, & More. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/physician-assistant-job-description-salary-and-skills-2061819

O'Neill, M. (2020, June 03). Biomedical Scientists Create a New Tool for Developing COVID-19 Treatments & Vaccines. Retrieved from https://scitechdaily.com/biomedical-scientists-create-a-new-tool-for-developing-covid-19-treatments-vaccines/

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Pharmacists' Fight Against the Coronavirus 

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Pharmacists' Fight Against the Coronavirus 

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There are many different ways that pharmacists are taking action to help minimize the negative affects of this pandemic of which I'm going to list 3 actions. One way that they are helping is through "promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics and antiviral medications to treat patients who have, or are at a greater risk for contracting, COVID-19 and other infectious diseases" (1). By having extensive knowledge about what the proper medication is that people should be taking, there will be less people in severe conditions due to the virus. The result would be more people recuperating sooner. Another way that pharmacists are helping is by actually managing the medication and giving it to the patients along with caring for the ones that already have other medical problems. Patients who already have medical issues are more prone to getting the virus so by giving them extra attention, they have a less likely chance of getting it. Lastly, there are community pharmacists that educate the public about what steps they should be taking to minimize the risk of being exposed to the virus and what they should be doing if and once they get it. For example, they recommend treatments for people with minor viruses like the flu and just tips on remaining healthy in general. Those are some actions that they are taking for the fight against this pandemic, however there are many more!

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Similarities and Differences In Approaches Of These Professions 

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Similarities and Differences In Approaches Of These Professions 

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Three similarities between the approaches of these professions is that all of these workers are putting all of their efforts to fight against this virus. Also, they all work to minimize the affects of the virus on people once they get it. Lastly, they all need to follow proper protocols for keeping themselves and their patients safe.
Three differences between these approaches is that physical therapists are more involved in the physical affects that the virus causes and they help to move the body more to help with muscle sores as a cause of the virus. They are more body focused compared to the other professions. Nurses mainly focusing on caring for the patients' overall health while they're in the hospital and providing them with whatever they need. Another difference between these professions is that pharmacists are more focused on the medication aspect and making sure the patients receive the proper treatment.

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Overall, all of these professions complement one another by all working together to lessen the harmful affects on patients. Physical therapists are helping patients with their body health in terms of movement. That is essential because we need the patients to feel well so nurses can be there to care for them whether it be providing them with masks, making sure their beds are comfortable for them, or even administering IV's so they remain hydrated. Physical therapists and nurses complement and support pharmacists because they are there for their overall wellbeing/comfort and they need pharmacists' knowledge of medication so the patients can improve their health even more!

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Pharmacists' Powerful Role Against COVID-19!

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Pharmacists' Powerful Role Against COVID-19!

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Get all the latest news on coronavirus and more delivered daily to your inbox. Sign up here.

The world is in the grip of a pandemic unprecedented in our lifetimes. Hardship and disruption are widespread, but so are the efforts of people whose contributions we may not have fully appreciated before.

Today the U.S. is grateful for the grocery store clerks, truck drivers, and warehouse workers who are keeping our supply chains running. And of course, we thank God for the health care professionals risking their own health to save lives.
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This is how our country always comes together. Through world wars and the Great Depression and the horrible attack on September 11, 2001, Americans rush in to help.

There is no time now to allow antiquated regulations to hamper skilled individuals from contributing their knowledge and talents to the fight against coronavirus. Unfortunately, we've already witnessed how bureaucratic barriers delayed deployment of effective, broad-based COVID-19 testing.

Let our state and federal leaders take that experience as a lesson and tear down any other unnecessary obstacles right away. Among their immediate actions should be empowering all pharmacists to practice to the full scope of their license and training.

The National Community Pharmacists Association represents 21,000 pharmacy small business owners and their quarter-million employees. Together they comprise a national health care safety net with substantial reach into rural and underserved areas that will desperately need their medical expertise.

First of all, as soon as point-of-care COVID-19 test kits become available-and production must be accelerated-pharmacists should be authorized to conduct these screenings. This will help conserve precious hospital space by offering patients a convenient local testing option, quick results, and important medical counsel regarding quarantine procedures, at-home recuperation, and when and how to seek emergency care.
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Just as important, pharmacists are able to report the test results to state and national officials to act as an early warning alarm system to help officials take early steps to take proactive action.

Pharmacy-based testing isn't a new idea. It already exists in 44 states for strep throat, influenza, and other diseases. Throughout the coronavirus crisis, pharmacists have been testing to distinguish such common illnesses from COVID-19 and thereby alleviate pressures on hospitals and other urgent care providers. Most pharmacies are ready, able, and willing to add COVID-19 point of care testing to the services they provide.
SMITHFIELD CORONAVIRUS SHUTDOWN CONCERNS SHORTAGE-WARY MEAT INDUSTRY
Additionally, states should reconsider any hurriedly applied restrictions on the dispensing of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, whose potential efficacy as COVID-19 treatments is being explored. Concerns regarding stockpiling and hoarding of these drugs are much appreciated, but some policies have gone too far.

In fact, in a recent NCPA survey, 83.8 percent of independent pharmacists say they should be able to fill a prescription for a limited supply of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, as long as a patient has tested positive for COVID-19 and is under a doctor's care. And while 90 percent of survey respondents are currently having difficulty obtaining these medicines, Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA should be helping free supply up for prudent, supervised use.
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Since coronavirus arrived on U.S. shores, Americans have come to know Dr. Anthony Fauci as one of the steadiest voices guiding us through this pandemic. To community pharmacists, it came as no surprise that long before he directed the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or joined the White House Coronavirus Task Force, he began his career delivering prescriptions for his pharmacist father in Brooklyn. That was good training for where he is now. Pharmacists are well trained to partner with other health care workers.

In our current situation that will include adding pharmacists immunizing with a new COVID-19 vaccine when one becomes available. Pharmacists already immunize millions of patients a year. With more than 55,000 locations staffed with health professionals, immunizing pharmacists will play a central part in helping bring this crisis to an end.

The only thing community pharmacists ask of state and federal officials throughout it all is to be unleashed to help this nation in crisis. Because now more than ever, pharmacists are here to serve.
B. Douglas Hoey is the CEO of the National Community Pharmacists Association, which represents 21,000 locally-owned pharmacies nationwide. CLICK HERE TO READ MORE ON FOX BUSINESS

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In coronavirus pandemic, unleash pharmacists to be a potent weapon in the fight against COVID-19

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Get all the latest news on coronavirus and more delivered daily to your inbox. Sign up here . The world is in the grip of a pandemic unprecedented in our lifetimes. Hardship and disruption are widespread, but so are the efforts of people whose contributions we may not have fully appreciated before.

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https://psnet.ahrq.gov/perspective/health-care-delivery-and-pharmacists-during-covid-19-pandemic

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- While arriving to work safety protocols are put in place for both workers and patients. Temperature has to be taken and below 100.4 to enter.
-  More PPE is required to keep patients and health care workers safe.
- All are considered frontline woks during Covid.
- They all at one point had to step away from there specialties so they could help treat the patients with Covid-19 so they could have a strong recovery.

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- Although all are considered frontline, nurses work all day every day with their patients which put them more at risk dude to constant contact.
- Nutritionist and PT's help during and after the Covid fight so they can stay healthy with exercise and eating healthy; helping patients regain proper control of their motor movements and diets to be the best they can be.
-Nurses help all throughout COVID as well, but more specifically, they  assist doctors and patients during their time in hospitals and ICUs - making sure that they are able to survive and receive all the necessary treatment.