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Basic Factors of Language Development at this Age: The child will produce lots of sounds, and seem like they are trying to speak. They will be able to use gestures, respond to their names, and understand simple things like "no" and "yes". They can point to parts of the body when you name them, name familiar objects, and can listen when someone is reading. They also follow simple directions.

Red Flags: They don't understand simple words like "bye-bye" or "bottle". If they can't use single words, follow simple directions, or point to body parts when named. Excessive babbling and jargon is also a concern.

Number of Words: 1 to 3

Types of Sentences: Holographic sentences made of simple and not complete words. Usually with repetitive consonant sounds.

Examples Sentences: "ba-ba", "ma-ma", or "bye-bye".

Ways They can Enjoy and Practice Language: One year-olds can learn and practice language by listening to music, conversations, and having a book read to them.

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Basic Factors of Language Development at this Age: At this age children can use simple phrases, ask one to two word questions, follow simple commands, and be understood by their parents or primary caregivers.

Red Flags: If they are babbling, can speak in short sentences, have poor pronunciation or articulation, and find it difficult to follow directions.

Number of Words: 50+ words

Types of Sentences: Telegraphic sentences with two words.

Examples Sentences: "Look, truck!" or "More cookie".

Ways They can Enjoy and Practice Language: Caregivers can provide rich descriptions of objects they see, and help them expand their vocabulary. They enjoy nursery rhymes and dramatic play.

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Basic Factors of Language Development at this Age:  They can answer simple questions, speak in sentences of 5 - 6 words, speak clearly, tell stories, and can say their name and age. Their grammar skills are still developing.

Red Flags: They can comprehend nonverbal communication but they cannot say many words. They know a few words but they cannot put them into understandable sentences. What they say isn't understandable and they can't speak clearly.

Number of Words: 250 - 500

Types of Sentences: More complex sentences that contain 5 to 6 words.

Examples Sentences: "Mummy get in car" or "Me go too".

Ways They can Enjoy and Practice Language: They can play with a toy telephone, sing together, play "name the thing", read books, or pretend play with puppets and toys.

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Basic Factors of Language Development at this Age: At this age they are more aware of the sounds that make up words. They can match rhyming words, speak clearly, and become aware of using proper grammar. They can say all speech sounds in words, respond to questions, and talk without repeating themselves often. They tell short stories and can say sentences with more than one action word. They understand comparative and superlative adjectives.

Red Flags: When a child isn't using short sentences and has trouble holding a conversation (can't talk, listen, or respond to the speaker). It is a red flag when the 5 year-old can't understand or follow 2-step instructions or stopped using a language skills they once had.

Number of Words: 2,100 - 2,200

Types of Sentences: The sentences have many words, using proper grammar, and can have more than one action word.

Examples Sentences: "The dog was chasing the cat" or "The cat was chased by the dog".

Ways They can Enjoy and Practice Language: Reading more fictional stories, practicing reading and writing activities, and reading poetry.

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https://raisingchildren.net.au/preschoolers/development/language-development/language-4-5-years

https://drkarenspeech.com/vocabulary-development-school-age-years/

https://www.translateen.com/sentence/five-year-old-in-sentence-examples/

https://www.speechandlanguagekids.com/what-speech-and-language-skills-should-my-5-year-old-have/

https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/top-10-language-development-activities-for-toddlers/

https://raisingchildren.net.au/toddlers/development/language-development/language-2-3-years

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/comm-2-to-3.html

https://www.webmd.com/parenting/3-to-4-year-old-milestones#1-2

https://www.healthline.com/health/2-year-old-not-talking-but-babbling

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/toddler-speech-development/faq-20057847

https://www.healthline.com/health/baby/toddler-language-milestones#Causes-for-Concern