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New Harmony, a town in Indiana, was the site of a social experiment led by Robert Owen. Inspired by religious revivals and the perfectionist social reform movement, Owen wanted to create a secular utopian society of morals, education, and wealth. However, the community economically collapsed after about 2 years.

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Robert Owen was a Scottish cotton mill owner and social reformer. He came to America to create experimental utopian communities, the first of which was the one in New Harmony. Owen was very anti-religious due to Christianity's beliefs that all humans were inherently sinful. He attempted to gain support for his project and socialist ideals among American politicians and scholars. Due to the failure of New Harmony, Owen sold the property to his sons and returned to Britain for the remainder of his life.

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Robert Owen and his partner, William Maclure, brought a group of scientists to New Harmony. Many of these scientists became successful geologists in New Harmony. New Harmony was home to the largest geology museum and laboratory in the west during this time period. As a result, New Harmony became known as a center for geological research.

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New Harmony schools became the the first public schools to be open to both boys and girls, encouraging early education for all. The first industrial and trade schools were also opened in New Harmony.

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New Harmony eventually failed due to backlash from its residents over the project's anti-religious sentiments and weak economy.