# data[].attributes.body
Range: rural areas were not exposed to it
- eg. 1932 radio reception was available in only 10% of small villages

Continuation of traditional culture: Choral singing, folk dancing, church festivals, beer halls all thrived. Far more people were involved in these activites than saw avant garde paintings or went to cabaret clubs

Development before Weimar: Did not all start in 1919> modernist architectural ideas were introduced before the war

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Culture = the arts
* traditional and conservative
** high culture / elites V. folk culture
*** censorship

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1920s- Cinema romanticised visions of a lost world; they depicted traditional folk tales and legends
- eg, Paul Wegner
Cinema became popular in the middle class and they became 'addicted to distraction'. Number of cinemas doubles (1919: 2,800 -- 1929: 5,200)
- Author Ernest Yunger reminisced on WWI and trenches
- Thomas Mann embraced the republic and found freedom

Walter Eroplus (founder of Bauhas school of art) look to the future instead of the past
- embraced Swiss, German, Russian, Hungerian and Austrian artists, architecture portrayed an "international style"
- Modernised style used glass, steel, concrete and no traditional ornaments

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1. Jazz Music;
Popular alongside fashion and dance from the USA // ethnic minority
Herb Fleming, member of Sam Wooding Band who toured Berlin and Hamburg in 1925

2. Theatre
Bertold Brecht wrote controversial plays such as The Threepenny Opera (1928) which was a critique of the capitalist world
Ziettheatre - street theatre

3. Architecture and Design
Merged geometric shapes with new materials, inspired pottery, textiles and graphic design
Bautiaus school founded by Walter Gropious

4. Literature
Anti-war novels // best sellers. Expressed emotions
Erich Remerque's - All Quiet on the Western Front

5. Art
Could be shocking, art was expressionist and imposes feelings onto objects and more about the artist than object
Otto Dix and George Grosz

6. Film
freedom/ innovative expressionist sci-fi regarded as first of this genre and women could have roles in Christian beliefs
Fritz Lang's metropolis in 1927

7. Cabaret
Political satire mixed with bawdy songs and strippers
Musical 'Cabaret' is set in the Kit Kat Klub in the last Weimar Years

8. Decadence
tolerance of homosexuality, transvestites and sexual liberation in big cities
El Dorado Nightclub - a transvestite nightclub

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Changes:
> reduced religious control
> abolition of the elite prep schools and 4 year basic
> progressive teachers
> Teachers required to reach "A-Levels"
> Greater access for girls
> 1920 - single type of elementary school
> students and teachers are more equal
> whole-body learning

Remains:
> class divide
> universities not reformed
> schools remained deeply divided on religious lines
> no uniform
> unreformed secondary
> running remained the same

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Social -
Better: large Jewish cities
- wealthy
- well-dressed
- German Catholics attempted to tackle racism
Worse: 1% social minority
- Polack = offensive term for Jews who came from Poland
- faced protests

Political and legal-
Better: German Jews had the full rights of citizenship
- legally equal
- supported Weimar
Worse: discriminated against
- excluded from judiciary
- not always willing to uphold Jewish rights

Economic -
Better: 75% Jewish men had professional jobs
- associated with economic activity
- 80% of business stores conducted by Jews
Worse: 1% senior bank owners were Jews
- 20% Jews were impoverished
-  economic status declined in 1920s

Cultural -
Better: concerned about racism
- many spoke out
- interfaith activities for Catholics, Jews etc
Worse: stereotypes Jews were dangerous
- radical Jews
- anti-semitism was not restrcited to radical nationalists
- protests against Jews
- Jews could not be patriots but their wealth over German Nation

# data[].attributes.body
Kurt Gerron - born to a rich family in Berlin and fought in WWI and was a doctor. He returned and became a director for films and plays and became popular in Europe. Receives offers from Hollywood, nazi's persecuted hi, and he was sent to a concentration camp and died.

Konrad Peicuch - he was a polish communist and lived in Germany after the war. He opposed the Nazi's, him and his brother were caught and beaten up infront of his mother.

Johann Trollman - a boxer (new style) and was not liked by everyone, he was very successful and lost his title. He was threatened to be kicked off the team and send to a concentration camp

Hans Massaquoi - lives a privileged life as a child and was raised with a mother in Germany. He experiences abuse on the streets and was called name. He received hostility from German Youth.

Verena Groth - daughter of a medical director and had a good upbringing as a christian. She learnt she was raised from a jewish background and the Nazi's dismissed her father but he was not sent to a concentration camp

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did NOT improve:
* number of women seats in the Reichstag declined over the years
* became the scape goat for the economic crisis and women were blames, due to them not producing children because they were at work

DID improve:
* Equal political rights
* equal pay in professions:
- financial stability
- own money
* equal educational rights
- equal access
- senior school
- university

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positive:
- legal and political rights
- Jazz musicians
- Jews (Assimilated)
- Danes
- Language rights
- Early to mid 1920s

negative:
- gypsies
- experiences on streets
- mixed race people
- poles
- Late 1920s
- Jews
- Eastern European Jewish Immigrants

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Change -
Women's attitudes began to change over time because they began to prove themselves and had more opportunities

Biggest change-
house wives
social: freedom
appearance
behaviour

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This describes younger women in the Weimar Germany who changed their appearance, behaviour and employment from the older generation.

How were they different-
- A new economic figure
- independant worker or       wage earner entering the free market
- new political figure
- new physical figure

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- felt more equal to men
- changed view on society
- more influence

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- shows her knees
- doesn't care about others views
- independance
- change in clothes
- attitude (eg. smoking)
- expressed themselves
- judged for herself
- financial independance
- behaviour change
- androgyny
- filled the role of the man
- empowered confidence