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In the late 19th century, from which countries did immigrants come from, and which towns, cities, and states did they go to?

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In the late 19th century, from which countries did immigrants come from, and which towns, cities, and states did they go to?

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What I want to talk about today is the rapid growth of US immigrants between 1850 and 1900. I'll also talk about what countries they came from, and which states they settled in. As part of my research, I looked at US Census data, some of which is shown in this slide.

I then analyzed the data and created this graph.

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In 1850, as shown on the left, almost all immigrants living in the US were from just two regions: Germany, shown in orange, and the British Isles, shown in blue. Out of the 2,244,602 foreign-born US residents, about 9 out of 10 of them were from Europe. Out of those, about 2/3 were from the British Isles, and another 29% were from Germany. 6 out of every 7 foreign-born US residents hailed from either the British Isles or Germany.

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From 1850 to 1900, the number of Canadian immigrants, as shown in yellow, grew from 147,711 (7%) to 1,179,922 (11%),  In that same time period, the number of Latin American immigrants grew from 20,773 to 137,458, with most of them coming from Mexico, and the number of Asian immigrants in the US increased a hundredfold from 1,135 to 120,248, with most of them from China.

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“Grandmother had told me while she was getting supper that he was an Austrian who came to this country a young boy and had led an adventurous life in the Far West among mining camps and cow outfits. His iron constitution was somewhat broken by mountain pneumonia, and he had drifted back to live in a milder country for a while. He had relatives in Bismarck, a German settlement to the north of us, but for a year now he had been working for grandfather” (13).

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The act placed a ten year ban from Chinese immigrating to the US and from becoming US citizens that was placed by President Chester Arthur in 1822 and the Geary Act was passed in 1902 that extended the act for another ten years. Again through the Geary Act ten years later extended this immigration for another ten years and then became permanent in 1902

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“The skewed sex ratio created “bachelor societies”–– neighborhoods of grown men living together, sleeping in bunk beds… and sharing the companionship and responsibilities that are usually dispersed across a family unit… “one-child policy" in Chinese demographics. For a variety of reasons—filial piety, tradition, the fact that sons are expected to support their parents, simple misogyny—Chinese society holds a strong preference for sons. When technology making sex-selective abortions became more readily available, many couples with just one chance at parenthood did everything in their power to make sure that kid was a son.”

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“The media focused on aspects of Chinese culture that appeared sinister and exotic to Americans. The Chinese were criticized for following a different religion, using opium, playing different gambling games, speaking a different language, wearing different clothes and styles, eating different foods, celebrating different holidays, and for living in a bachelor society (reference next point) rather than as family men with wives and children.”

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“Congress passed the exclusion act to placate worker demands and assuage prevalent concerns about maintaining white “racial purity””

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What was assimilation like in the late 19th century?

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What was assimilation like in the late 19th century?

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Now fast forward 50 years to 1900, as shown on the right. The number of foreign-born US residents grew to 10,341,276. About 86% of these residents were still from Europe, but only 31% of the European immigrants were from the British Isles, and 30% from Germany. The remaining 39% came from other regions of Europe, like Scandinavia, which made up 13% of European immigrants.

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It was “the first time federal law proscribed entry of an ethnic working group on the premise that it endangered the good order of certain localities”

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In 1850, the percentage of foreign-born residents in the US was at 9.7%. States like California (23.5%), Minnesota (32.5%), and Wisconsin (36.2%) all had high levels of foreign immigrants around that time.

By 1900, the percentage of foreign-born residents grew to 13.6%. States like Massachusetts (30.2%), North Dakota (35.4%), and Rhode Island (31.4%) had high levels of foreign immigrants in 1900.

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Placed a ten year ban from Chinese immigrating to the US and from becoming US citizens that was placed by President Chester Arthur in 1822 and the Geary Act was passed in 1902 that extended the act for another ten yearsAgain through the Geary Act ten years later extended this immigration for another ten years and then became permanent in 1902

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“They can’t any of them speak English, except one little girl, and all she can say is ‘We go Black Hawk, Nebraska’” (Cather 4).

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“The coming of Chinese laborers to the United States… affects or threatens to affect the interests of that country, or to endanger the good order of the said country or of any locality within the territory thereof”

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In the late 19th century, what provoked the Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act? How did it affect the economy at the time?

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In the late 19th century, what provoked the Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act? How did it affect the economy at the time?