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Disturbing

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Real

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criticizes capitalist spatial practice

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broken

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Susanna, speaks about what it's like to be a lesbian 

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Susanna, speaks about what it's like to be a lesbian 

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The fight against nature becomes an individual's ability to overcome the desert's unpredictable and deadly forces, just as each character's reason for migrating is heavily individualistic.

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The women find faith within each other to fight injustice.

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Most cannery workers were women and they rose up to strike against unfair wages

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Most cannery workers were women and they rose up to strike against unfair wages

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False Reality

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Difficult

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lapsed priest: learns a new way to apprehend his faith

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Hardship

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Lucha is a very feminist figure who fights for women's rights

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Lucha is a very feminist figure who fights for women's rights

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Lucha's name translates to "fight" in Spanish

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Lucha's name translates to "fight" in Spanish

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The American dream is only real if you're sleeping.

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This concept is almost useless for some characters who die from exhaustion or attacks (Celia, Armando, Cerda, etc.), but for others, like Menda who commit to surviving the desert over come its challenges. Borrego also survives from Menda's determination while Nicanor chooses to end his life because he loses faith/hope and can't go on with his guilt/regret, neither of which resulted from the desert but from within.

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Hopeful

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Mexican American quest for personal and political liberation

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In many of the characters' stories, the river is a source of life. For Menda, she witnesses her family's massacre the first time she crosses the river into another country, but this same river brings her back to better opportunity when she leaves Jacinto. For Celia and Dna. Encarnacion, the river is where they made love with men they loved which resulted in conceptions. Even for Nicanor and Borrego, their river is embodied in the ocean. However, the desert is desolate where no life grows and countless die. The river not only flows north but it also dries up just before one reaches north.

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While the present shows a sinister side of nature, the past reveals the novel's characters as being one with it. Dna. Encarnacion grew up in a forest while Nicanor and Borrego were involved in agribusiness and want to live off the land. It's only when their lives are disrupted by the economy (NAFTA) that this harmony is disrupted, leading them to La Joyita and for some, their deaths.