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Okapi is the only living relative of the giraffe. This beautiful animal lives in the northern, central and eastern parts of the Congo (Africa). Okapi prefers dense and damp vegetation, so it inhabits rainforests. Okapi was discovered in 1900, with 45 000 animals that lived in the wild at the time.

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Squid Physical Characteristics

The anatomy of a squid is quite interesting, so if you haven't given it much thought you may want to look closer at them. The first thing you will notice is that they are symmetric along the length of their bodies. This allows them to easily move along in the water.

The head of a squid is different than anything else you have seen that lives in the water. It is much larger than the body. It is flat but it has a large volume to it. The size and shape of it is going to vary depending on the species of squid you are referring to.

A squid features eight arms that have suckers along the length of it. They also feature only two tentacles. Many people assume the arms are on the wrong end of the squid. This is because they assume the fin at the end of it is really the head. However, the head is located close to the arms and the tentacles.

The mantle is the cavity of the body for a squid. This helps to protect them as they move in the water. It also serves as a place for them to maintain the nutrients they take in for their own survival.

Plenty of research has been done on the topic of anatomy relating to the digestive system. It is extremely complex and that is always more interesting to researchers. The food is taken to the stomach region and then taken to what is known as the caecum. This is where the digestion process ends up taking place. From there it moves to the liver and is absorbed by the body.

It is quite interesting to discover that the squid has three hearts. There is the central heart which functions normally to circulate the blood through the body. The other two work to supply blood to the gills.

The mouth of a squid is very small and it is beak like. You may have to look closely on one in order to locate it. They also have two small eyes that they use to see what is going on around them. The squid also features a very large sized brain compared to its overall body size.

They have the ability to use a variety of senses. For example squid are extremely sensitive to touch. They also have receptors on their body that make them very sensitive to taste as well. It is believed they have a taste ability that is about 1,000 times better than most humans.

While squid are color blind, they do have excellent eyesight. They are able to see both in the shallow water and deeper regions. They can see well in the day as well as during the night time. Squid have the ability to see in a range of 360 degrees too which is quite interesting. They call also smell quite well. This is accomplished by using pits and glands that are found underneath their eyes.

The overall anatomy of the squid is different from other types of creatures found in the water. However, as you can see it does work out quite well for them. Their survival in the water depends on their unique anatomy. They have continued to evolve too over the course of time in order to continue being a part of our world.

Studying the anatomy of the squid allows researchers to find out more about that evolution process. It also helps them to understand the survival of these creatures. Since they offer a source of food for many other animals out there it is important for us to readily identify what makes them move and function as they do.

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The anatomy of a squid is quite interesting, so if you haven't given it much thought you may want to look closer at them. The first thing you will notice is that they are symmetric along the length of their bodies. This allows them to easily move along in the water.

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A spider does not have ears. Mammals hear with help of hairs that are located in the ear where pressure waves in the air are converted to electric signals. These signals are then sent to the brain and interpreted as sound. A spider hears with very tiny hairs on her legs (thrichobotria).

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The senses of a Spider

Since the Spider doesn't have very good vision they rely on other senses to be able to help them out. They do have four pairs of eyes but they are nearsighted. They aren't able to see very far. What they can see depends on how the eyes are arranged too. They can be very different for the various types of species. Some of the eyes only pick up vision based on the direction from which the light is coming.

It is really quite amazing to see this up close if you are able to through an enhance image where you can see the details of what each set of eyes is taking part in.

There are main eyes that are able to form the images. Yet they can't see those that are far away. In many instances what they do see can be in the format of shadows. They often rely on vibrations to help them to identify danger or to be able to be aware of when there is prey in their Spider webs.

Spiders are able to tell their direction by their eyes as they have very poor balance or sense of direction. They tend to create webs where they can quickly move down to escape or for prey. This is because it is harder and more time consuming for them to move up. Spiders seem to have a very slow pace but don't underestimate that some can move quickly and even jump long distances.

Many species of Spiders have very sensitive nails at the end of the limbs. This is going to help them be able to pick up various types of movement around them. They also use this to help them with tasting and smelling.

There are Spiders that give off a type of chemical and then others can pick up the scent. This can serve as a type of warning to other Spiders that they are in a habitat that is already occupied. It can also be used as a means of attracting each other for the purpose of mating.

The sense of smell is very strong for the Spider. They also use that for finding mates. The females usually stay in their habitat and the males venture out to find them, drawn in by such smells around them.

They have senses that tell them when it is going to be too hot or too cold too. This is part of how they are able to find shelter when it is too cold for them to survive in a given location. Most Spiders do better in the warmer regions.

Spiders also use their senses to stay out of each others way. There can be fierce competition among species. Seeing a certain type of web may be all it takes for a given Spider to high tail it out of a particular area.

Even though there has been plenty of quality research about Spider senses, we still have lots of questions. They have a very extreme central nervous system that allows them to rely on all the senses in the way that they do. Without the combination of efforts they wouldn't be able to survive.

Many experts believe the senses of a Spider can account for why they do attack humans. If they are touched by accident or on purpose it could trigger a natural defense mechanism in them. They only react and that is part of why they get such a bad reputation. However, they aren't known to just attack humans for no reason at all.

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Since the Spider doesn't have very good vision they rely on other senses to be able to help them out. They do have four pairs of eyes but they are nearsighted. They aren't able to see very far. What they can see depends on how the eyes are arranged too.

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pit organs. Pit vipers have two pit organs, one on each side of the head between the eye and nostril. Some boas and pythons have many pits along the lip of the upper jaw. Pit organs enable a snake to detect the exact location of another animal by the body heat it gives off.

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Senses

Sight Hearing Smell/Taste Touch The 6th sense

Snakes senses range from nonexistent to beyond belief. Please note ahead of time that nothing below is universal for all snakes. There will always be an exception to the rule and each snake has it's senses tuned differently. Below is only a generalized look at their senses.

This sense is not as developed as others, nor should it really. Snakes, being ground crawlers, would have a limited view of their surroundings due to their height, thus having the ability to see great distances would be useless. Useless, that is, unless you were an arboreal snake. These snakes have very well developed eyes and most of them have stereoscopic vision. The reason for this lies in the snake's prey: birds and mammals. Bird eating snakes spend their time coiled on tree branches near areas where birds are known to fly by. These areas could be in an overpopulated rainforest or near a communal nest. The snakes wait with a portion of their body either hanging down or in a striking position and when a bird flies by they strike out to grab them. This kind of precision requires good 3D vision. It's not surprising to note that bird eating or mammal grabbing tree snakes have oversized eyes. Sometimes to the point of rediculousness.
Colour vision can be found in at least some snakes. Tropical versions would be more likely to have colour vision then desert relatives and their skin generally reflects this.
Time of day also effects vision. Nocturnal and crepuscular snakes usually have vertical pupils. A tapetum may or may not be present. Diurnal species generally have rounded pupils although this is not always the case as many boids have vertical pupils and a diurnal existence. Exceptions to the rule. Believe it or not this is one of the most acute senses in snakes.

As most people should know by now (from various documentaries, books and who knows how many TV specials) snakes lack external ears. This is sometimes misinterpreted as having no ears, which is false. Snakes do have ears, inner ears that allow them to hear low frequency airborne vibrations. But snakes have another more acute way of hearing, they hear with their jaw.
Strange as it might sound, it is true. Ground vibrations are transmitted through the snakes body to the quadrate bone (the connection between the lower jaw and skull) where it later goes the middle ear bone (columella) and then to the inner ear.
This means that a snake will always hear you coming before you even see it.

These two senses are grouped here for a reason. The sense of smell and the sense of taste have combined to form one of the most powerful chemosensory devices in the animal kingdom.
Snakes, like all other tetrapods, have two nostrils with which to breathe. Other than breathing though the nostrils don't do much else in the way of smell. Instead snakes have gone a different route, one taken by their lepidosaurian relatives a long time ago. Instead of using only their nose, snakes have adapted their tongue and sense of taste to capturing scent particles in the air and transforming it into olfactory information.
While many lizards have this ability only some truly use it to it's full extent and even then none go to the extremes of snakes. They accomplish this with the help of the vomeronasal organ or Jacobson's organ as it is more commonly called. This organ located at the roof of the snake's mouth, takes in information gathered by the tongue and transforms it into smell, thus making all snakes limbless bloodhounds with scales. Touch is another one of the most highly developed of all the serpent senses. As one can imagine touch would play a vital role in the life of a creature that lives on it's belly.
So it is no surprise to hear that snake bodies are flooded with tactile receptors that allow them to feel the slightest change in their environment. This allows for quick changes in muscular movement during locomotion as the snake's tactile receptors sense the slightest shift in the ground.
Tactile receptors also come in handy during social encounters where touch and smell become the communication of choice. Snakes are very responsive to touch. Along with the five main senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) some snakes have another sixth sense. The ability to sense the heat of other creatures.
The two main groups of snakes have heat sensitive pits. The boids (pythons and boas) and the pit vipers (CROTALIDAE). Although a few other snakes possess this remarkable heat seeking ability, these two are the most prominent.
In boids a row of heat pits are located on the lips in crevices called supralabial pits (top jaw) and/or infralabial pits (bottom jaw). These pits are able to sense slight changes in the ambient temperature, a valuable hunting tool for a nocturnal hunter.

Of course not all boids are nocturnal, many are diurnal likeCorallus caninus still contain the heat pits. These snakes grab small mammals and birds from tree limbs and it is thought that the heat pits help guide the snakes in their strike. This heat seeking ability would be quite beneficial to a snake that is given only one chance to get it right. The other group, the pit vipers, have concentrated their supralabial pits into only two super sensitive heat pits and unlike those of the boids, these pits have the ability to actually give a heat image to the brain, so now instead of heat seeking we have heat seeing.

The pits are comprised of a double chamber divided by a membrane and positioned against a prominenet cavity in the maxillary bones. The pit membrane itself is comprised of a double sheet of epidermis, separated by connective tissue, tiny blood vessels, and free nerve endings from the trigeminal nerve. There is a small pore in front of the eye that connects the inner pit chamber with outer air leaving the outer pit chamber to form the visible pit on the snake's face. These pits are easily mistaken for nostrils thus making the snakes look like they have four instead of two nostrils.
The heat seeing ability of the pits allows pit vipers to hunt their prey in the complete darkness of a moonless night or in the hole of the prey. These pits are so sensitive that a blinded pit viper can sense a mouse that is a mere 10 ⁰ warmer than the surrounding air from 70cm away. With such a powerful (almost science fiction like) ability it was quickly accepted that these crotalines used their pits for hunting. While this is no doubt true other findings have shown that the pits might serve another function entirely, for that of defense (As mentioned in Snakes: The Evolution of Mystery in Nature, by Harry W. Greene, p. 254-255). It is believed that with the increased parental attention crotalids showed towards their young combined with their rather static defenses, the pits would have been used to help evaluate and track potential threats in their environment.
The chances are quite likely that the pits in crotalids were used for all of the above. Nature rarely gives something only one use.
With senses that range from ordinary (sight) to extraordinary (The Predator like heat seeing) is it a wonder why snakes have come to dominate so many terrestrial habitats?

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The Senses of Snakes

The senses of snakes are very valuable to them. Most species don't see well and they don't have limbs. They use their long tongue that allows them to pick up on various smells. They shoot that in and out and they move it up and down too. This allows them to pick up various smells from all around them.

They also take those smells back into the mouth and into the Jacobson's Organ in the mouth. The scents will rub off there and they can be tasted. That is what sends a message to the brain. It is trying to categorize it as a meal, danger, or a possible mate. The fork in the tongue allows for more scents to be picked up than if it was just one piece.

Snakes can also tell which direction scents that they pick up are coming from. This can help them to go after prey or to wait for it. They may decide they need to retreat or that they need to be ready to be defensive should that movement continue into their direction.

While snakes don't have external ears they are still able to hear. They rely heavily upon various types of vibrations that come all around them. They hear that movement and they are able to decide if they will get to eat or if they should retreat at that point in time.

Some species of snakes have very good vision but it is a common myth that none of them see well. Those that aren't able to see rely heavily on other forms of senses to help them survive. There are species of snakes that have infrared vision too. This allows them to see the body heat of things around them. They can detect the location and the size.

They use their senses to help them determine when the temperatures are changing enough that they need to find a place for hibernating. They won't do that the first chilly day that comes along. Instead, they will instinctively known by their senses when they need to slow down their metabolism for them to be able to survive until the warmer weather comes along again.

Digestion can take a very long time for any snake, especially when they consume large meals. They use their senses to determine danger around them. If they have a fear they will cause their bodies to expel the food. Then they can move again and get out of the way. This is a type of sense that prevents them from being unable to move as some form of predator or threat comes closer.

The compilation of senses allow the snake to be a very creative an intelligent living creature. They are able to stay out of the way of harm most of the time. They are also able to find food sources even when it is hard for them to visually see what is around them.

There has been a great deal of studies conducted to learn more about the various senses of the snake. What has been determined is that they are able to get around with ease and to know what their environment looks like.

This is just one more way that nature has given the snake a way to defense itself. There are many living things in the wild that also retreat when they hear that rattle as it isn't only humans that way to stay away from snakes.

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The senses of snakes are very valuable to them. Most species don't see well and they don't have limbs. They use their long tongue that allows them to pick up on various smells. They shoot that in and out and they move it up and down too.

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A cats five senses are the same that we humans have: sight, hearing , smell, taste and touch. Unique feline sensory organs, all working in unison. However, there are some definite differences...your ears don't look like your cats ears. The cats senses contribute to its ability to hunt, and climb, and even to survive and are often superior to our human equivalents. Understanding how these senses operate enables you support and maintain your cat's optimal health.

Eyes and Sight

One of the cats five senses is vision and they also have excellent night vision, and extensive binocular and peripheral vision that enables them to accurately judge distances. Their eyes are large and prominent, placed well forward on the head, and like humans, face forward. The size and position of the eyes permit as much light as possible to enter them and ensure an extensive field of vision. These are important factors in hunting and nocturnal prowling.

Cats cannot see in total darkness but can see better in dim light than many other animals In bright light, their pupils contract to narrow vertical slits. In the dark, these slits enlarge to round openings that admit a maximum amount of light. Another feature of the cat's eye is the nictitating membrane, a "third eyelid" in the inner corner of each eye that acts as a protective screen in case of damage to the surface.

If the third eyelid is visible, it may indicate that the cat has an eye injury, is suffering from dehydration, infection or possibly stress. Pain will also cause the third eyelid to pop up. Your vet should investigate any changes in your cat's eye as soon as possible. Your cat needs all the cats five senses operable.

A recommendation is for owners to look out for signs such as: cloudy surface (injury or infection of the cornea); reddening (hemorrhage/blood in the eye or conjunctivitis); a half-closed eye (foreign body in the eye, irritant, flu, injury); changes to the pupil (lens cataract, injury, infection, diabetes or congenital defect); discharge (clear: blocked tear ducts, allergic conjunctivitis, sticky, yellow or green infectious conjunctivitis).

Cats can also suffer from three serious diseases of the eye , all of which can progress to blindness. They are progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which is a degenerative disease of the retina; cataracts (cloudy patches on the lens), and glaucoma (too much fluid pressure build up within the eye.

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Ears and Hearing

Another of the cats five senses are the ears . Large and flaring at the base, a cat's ears taper to rounded or pointed tips, and stand erect in almost all breeds. They are extremely sensitive, and cats can perceive a wide range of sounds including those with ultrasonic frequencies. They can detect many sounds that humans cannot hear. A cat will usually turn its head in the direction of a sound. Two of a cats five senses come into play and this aids in both hearing and vision. The cat's ear contains a complicated mechanism for maintaining body balance, as it does in humans.

A cat's ear-flaps are easily torn, bitten or scratched in fights because they are so prominent. Deep wounds should be examined and treated by your vet to avoid the risk of infection. If you notice your cat holding down its ear and vigorously shaking its head, one of the cats five senses has kicked in...there may be a bacterial or yeast/fungal infection of the ear. This could also signal that there's a foreign object in the ear such as a tick or grass seed, or indicate the presence of parasites or ear mites. With ear mites, there will probably be extreme irritation and a discharge of brown wax.

Reddening and swelling of the ear tips could be a fly strike, hematoma, vascular or immune mediated problem or neoplasia. For example, a raw and bleeding ear tip and constant scratching of the ear might be a squamous cell carcinoma...a common tumor that can affect the ear pinnae. Reddening and swelling of the ear tips could also be sunburn.

This one of the cats five senses that displays the first sign of most ear problems with itchiness or pain which will cause the animal to shake its head, scratch or paw at it ears and possibly hold the ear down. It is important to realize that problems cannot be diagnosed on symptoms alone. Overlapping symptoms can occur, so an examination and diagnostic testing may be necessary to get a correct treatment.

Other problems that could affect the ear include trauma, polyps, abscesses from wounds and scabies. Cushing's Disease can also cause hair loss on the ears, while allergies can cause ear problems and itchiness as well.

Nose and Ability to Smell

Another of the cats five senses is smell . A while back it was thought a cat's sense of smell was secondary to other species, but in reality they have a highly developed sense of smell that enables them to scent prey (or their favorite food) at surprising distances. The tip of a cat's nose is leathery and may be black, reddish or pink. It is usually cool and moist to the touch. when cats sneeze it usually indicates a problem.

The most common reason cats sneeze is due to upper respiratory infections. These can be from several different viruses or bacteria. Some of these can be prevented with vaccinations, but problems with chronic carrier cats, virus strain variation, and early infection of kittens keep the incidence of these diseases high. All the cats five senses need to be healthy.

Although the cats five senses are to help protect the animal, they can develop life-threatening illnesses from many of these common viral and bacterial causes. Pneumonia can follow upper respiratory disease, especially if the cat is weak, poorly nourished, young or immune compromised. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) weaken the immune response and may cause the cat to succumb to infectious disease that would only cause a mild illness in an otherwise healthy cat.

The upper respiratory diseases most commonly encountered are feline viral rhinotrachetis (FVR), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia psittaci and Bordetella bronchiseptia. Feline viral rhinotracheitis or 'rhino', is a feline herpes virus that can cause eye lesions as well as affecting the nose, pharynx, and tonsils. It can cause severe damage to the structures inside the nose, especially with secondary bacterial involvement. Some will have such damage that they have constant problems with nasal discharge. Vaccinations prevent illness but cats still may be infected and become carriers.

FCV is associated with sneezing, fever, nasal discharge, inflamed eyelids, and most commonly, ulcers on the tongue. Vaccination protects against most of the strain variations but not all. Chlamydia is reported to only be a factor in some 5-10% of feline upper respiratory disease. It can become quite a problem in cat colonies. Swollen eyelids, thick discharge, and squinting are typically seen with this bacterial organism. Sneezing and nasal discharge are common signs.

Bordetella bronchiseptica is the most common cause of "kennel cough" in dogs, but it was realized to be a probable primary cause of some respiratory disease in cats. Cats do not have the cough characteristic of canine infections, but fever, sneezing, nasal discharge, and pneumonia may be seen. Factors such as stress, crowding, poor sanitation and weaning all contribute to the severity of signs. An intranasal vaccine is available.

Treatment for feline upper respiratory infections varies . Sometimes the signs are mild, and the cat may recover reasonably fast. Often antibiotics are prescribed to help prevent secondary bacterial invasion. Other cats need hospitalization with antibiotic, fluid, and nutritional therapy. Cats with stuffy noses and/or fever may not feel like eating.

Other reasons for sneezing can include fungal or parasitic infections that can vary depending on the pet's location. Dust, pollen or chemical irritants and allergies are potential causes, as are tooth infections, trauma, congenital defects and nasal polyps or tumors. Some cats get pieces of plants or other foreign objects lodged in their nose or pharyngeal area that can cause sudden sneezing and possible nasal discharge.

Feline Asthma is a common disease in cats and hinders one of the cats five senses. Episodic wheezing, coughing, and increased effort in breathing are seen. It can be caused by an allergic reaction, bacterial infection, heart-worm disease and irritants. On occasion, it can be life threatening. Diagnostic test are important because there can be several causes and other similar diseases.

Taste and Dental-Digestive Health

Another of the cats five senses brings us to the fact that cats are finicky eaters unless they live wild and can't be too choosey. Their preference tends to be fish, then meat. New diets to a routine one are welcomed. From the age of about 6 months to 12 months your cat needs 600-800 calories a day to maintain its growth energy levels. After that an average adult cat requires only about 450 calories a day.

This is about one can of food a day. A decrease in appetite or chewing problems might signal dental problems. Lifting up the lips and looking at the teeth and gums might give a clue of dental tartar, gingivitis and mouth odor. Many cats have severe problems and never display signs of pain. Dental cleaning and prophylaxis is the key to a healthy mouth.

Other oral problems can be broken teeth from trauma, an immune mediated problem called lymphocytic/plasmocytic stomatitis, oral cancer neurological problems that affect chewing, and musculoskeltal problems. Treatment depends on the problem and some of them have multiple causes and treatments. Most cat owners are unable to brush their cat's teeth, so yearly dental exams and cleanings are important. If you are able to do dental home care that's great but for those who can't there are dental diets that can help a bit. The standard of dental care in any species is dental teeth cleaning.

Ask your vet to investigate any painful areas of the tooth, lumps in the mouth or ulcers on the lips, gums or tongue while he's doing the teeth. Remember that this one of the cats five senses ...the tongue... it is not only used for eating and drinking purposes because cats spend a lot of time grooming themselves. The tongue has a rough surface which, combined with saliva, helps to remove dirt and other substances from the fur. Self-grooming keeps the coat clean, massages the skin, removes loose hair, and stimulates hair growth. For those hard-to-reach places your cat will lick its front paws and use them like a washcloth.

One of the Cats Five Senses ...sense of touch

Last of the cats five senses is touch. The superior sense of touch that cats possess gives them agility and grace. Touch is the recognition of a pressure stimulus on the body's surface. Touch/pressure receptors are located on the surface of the skin. Whiskers are also part of the cat's touch sensory mechanism. Cats generally like to be touched behind the ears, under the chin, down the neck, along the back and at the base of the tail.

Most cats do not like to be touched on their feet, tails and bellies. Some cats will bite or scratch people who pet them too much. The message is stop. In this situation, its best to accept that the cat does not enjoy excessive petting. Simply watch for signs of intolerance before the bite happens. A cats five senses are always working in unison.

Restraining a cat is another touch situation that is met with a variety of responses. Cats that have calm personalities are more tolerant of being restrained while being held on an owner's lap or being controlled during a vet visit. A classic way to restrain a cat is to grab it by the scruff of the neck. If you hold the loose skin on the back of the neck, most cats become more passive.

This method is how a mother cat holds her kittens when moving or controlling them. However, you have to give the cat's body proper support to prevent problems because if the cat feels unbalanced it will fight being held or carried. A good way to carry a cat is to support it from underneath and cradle it upright in your arms.

One of the most interesting things about the cats five senses and feline touch is the whiskers. All cats have keen radar systems. Whiskers have been called the cat's sixth sense. see Cat Whiskers

Along with whiskers, sensory receptors on the skin transmit signals to the brain relating to touch and pressure. Sensory nerves are found throughout the skin. Specialized nerves exist that detect touch, heat, cold, pressure, pain and itch. The areas of the skin with touch receptors are called tactile dermatomes. The specific touch and pressure receptors in the sensory nerves are called mechanoreceptors

The four types of mechanoreceptors are: hair follicle receptors and Pacinian corpuscles; slowly adapting mechanoreceptors; tactile vibrissae; and nonmyelinated mechanoreceptors. The interaction between the anatomy and physiology of these recetpors are complicated, but they function in transmitting signals to the brain that are interpreted as touch or pressure.

The Pacinian corpuscle is an interesting structure found in skin, muscles, tendons, intestinal mesentery and joints. Its built like a microscopic onion, multilayered, and has dimpling of different layers through pressure or vibration which in turn sends signals to the brain.

Although a cat's whiskers have acute sensitivity, a cat's face is only one - third as sensitive to radiant heat as a human's face, but the nose is able to detect small changes in temperature. The sides of a cat's body are also less sensitive than a human's. This may explain why cats can sleep under the hoods of cats, on the hot parts of a radiator and in direct sunlight without apparent discomfort. This also explains why cats rarely flinch when they get injections.

Of the cats five senses, touch is such an important sense that it is functional when a kitten is born. Kittens utilize touch cues to keep warm by huddling with the mother and littermates and to receive nutrition through nursing. When a kitten nurses and kneads the mother's mammary region, milk flow is stimulated. Kittens are able to react to skin pain at 4 days of age.

Kittens are able to touch and place their forelimbs about 5 days after birth but it is 3 weeks before visual placing of the legs occurs. Vision and touch play roles in kitten movement and the percentage that each role of the cats five senses plays is dependent on the development of the motor cortex of the brain. So toys are of prime importance.........

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As humans, we touch with our hands, while cats touch with their paws. The touch receptors in their foot pads detect the differences in surface textures and so it's important to train kittens to scratch on a particular surface so you can hopefully prevent damage to items like sofas. Cats display touch in other manners, such as rubbing their faces along your legs and kneading your lap with their paws.

Each cat has its unique style with regard to how it touches people and objects in its environment. Individual cats respond to touch in varying ways. Most cats prefer to be gently stroked rather than petted and most cats prefer to be held with firm support but not tightness and some cats are better with minimal restraint. Stroking the lower back area, (the lumbosacral area) is not tolerated by some cats.

A cats five senses can have problem areas such as hypersensitivity to touch which can be seen in a condition called feline hyperesthesia syndrome. This condition is known as neurodermatitislumbosacral

Treatment for hyperesthesia focuses on providing the most stable physical and emotional environment for the cat. Behavior medications may be needed. Drugs include corticosteroids, progesterone hormones and even the anticonvulsant phenobarbital. If other contributing conditions are diagnosed, specific treatments are used.

Treatment generally is not curative but instead manages the clinical signs. For obese cats with fleas, treatment includes flea control, bathing and combing to remove the dead hair and allow the skin to breathe. A weight control program would also be beneficial.

Discover where your cat likes to be stroked and where he does not . Do not be disappointed if your cat does not enjoy being touched for an extended period. Chalk it up as another one of the quirky, independent behaviors of cats. Respect your cat's preferences and he will enjoy your interaction and your "together time" will be a pleasurable experience. So, this has basically covered the cats five senses.

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Cats Five Senses - touch,cat vision,cat hearing,cat taste,cat nose

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A cats five senses are the same that we humans have: sight, hearing , smell, taste and touch. Unique feline sensory organs, all working in unison. However, there are some definite differences...your ears don't look like your cats ears.

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electric fields jacobsen's organ lateral line system snakes animal senses smell echo location taste

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As humans, we get by with five senses: touch, taste, sight, smell, and hearing. They work well for us, but other animals have developed many other strange and wonderful ways to find their way around.

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Some animals have developed amazing adaptations to their environments. Many different types of energy exist in the environment, some of which humans cannot detect. Here are some examples of how some animals sense the outside world and the anatomical structures that allow them to do so.

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How Does an Owl's Hearing Work? | Super Powered Owls | BBC Earth