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Was an ARMS RACE at first, all countries were trying to show that they had the power to defeat others. eventually became an actual war

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Countries encouraged the idea that their kingdom was the greatest in the world. The only way it could be tested was through a war.

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Austria and Hungary taking control of Bosnia and Yugoslavia... resulting in uprisings

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Italy's loyalty could be "bought by highest bidder" as they a) sought support against France and b) wished to be a Great Power

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Misunderstanding resulted in Britain feeling attacked by Germany and preparing for conflict, contrasting the intention of the message, to exploit British isolationism.

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German plan to defeat Russia that relied on quick movement of troops to avoid a dual front war. The failure to execute such plan resulted in the invasion of Belgium's neutrality, bringing Britain in to war

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Heir to A-H throne Franz Ferdinand was assassinated b Serbian nationalist group - the Black Hand.

= A-H demands investigation into his assassination --> sends Serbia referendum requiring all their demands to be met or else, war would be declared
--> Serbia does not want to allow an investigation as they want to guarantee their chances of gaining Allies in the event of war; does not want their secret alliance with RUS to be discovered

= Serbia refuses demands = A-H (and GER ally) declares war

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Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary (due to opposition against Russian interest drove Russia away

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Archduke is assassinated by the Black Hand

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Anglo-German rivalry led to growing economic tension and naval competition

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A-H and Russia both sought Balkan territories.

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European nations' imperial ambitions in Africa and Europe brought them into direct conflict with each other = tension btwn countries as they struggle to maintain the 'balance of power'
--> every country wants to become the most powerful nation through acquistion of

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The British empire seemed unlikely to seek allies during the 1890s, especially with long-term rival France. However, the defeat in the Boer War demonstrated that it was one thing to stand proud in isolation from the continent, but another to have no friends at all. They ultimately decided that German naval growth was a greater threat then French colonialism.

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Three Emperor's League = GER, A-H, Russia. However, both A-H and RUS expressed interest in Balkans = mistrust

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Many European powers wanted to take the Balkans bringing them into conflict with each other

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Germany did not want alliance between France and Russia - would result in war on two fronts

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Many Russian aristocrats preferred to speak French, drawing the countries closer together. French investment in Russian infrastructure had a similar affect.

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The increasing ambitions for military activity, to intimidate other countries

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Irreparable GER-FRA relationship due to Germany's takeover of Alsace and Lorraine

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Nicholas II foreign policy

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Incompetence of Wilhelm

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Desire to obtain the Balkan Region and the Dardanelles 

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Desire to obtain the Balkan Region and the Dardanelles 

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Russian support for Serbia brought them into conflict with Austria Hungary

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Germany takes over Alsace and Lorraine for their abundance in iron ore to further build their naval power

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Refusal to sign the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia allowing Russia to ally with France. This was a result of Wilhelm Kaiser's hatred towards everything Bismarckian.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by the Serbs

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Alliances

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Large European powers being Germany, France, and Britain all vying for colonies and therefore power as well as resource in just. Other powers also in the in the colonial race includes Spain, Holland, Italy, and Portugal.

The British Empire had the largest colonial kingdom, controlling around 25% of the world's land. The fact that the British Empire was so vast and powerful, it led them to assume a sense of national superiority and this made them a target for rivals to rise against.

Kaiser Wilhelm II's wanted to establish a naval fleet that was larger than that of the current naval power, Britain. The construction of the new naval fleet lead to rising tensions between Germany and Britain.

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A strengthened alliance between Germany and A-H pushed Russia away towards a France, despite Bismarck's intentions.

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Kaiser Wilhelm's building of the German Navy

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Franco-Prussian war humiliates France- inflames relations between France and Germany

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Britain felt threatened by German's navy = contested their supremacy at sea

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Scramble for Africa