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Thomas Hobbes was born on April 5th, 1588 and died on December 4th, 1679. He was an English Philosopher, Scientist, and historian. He was known best for his political philosophy.

Hobbes believed that the only true form of government was absolute monarchy. He argued this in his work, Leviathan.

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John Locke (1632-1704), was an English philosopher and physician who was known as "The Father of Liberalism". Locke believed in a form of direct democracy that existed only to give people rights such as the right to life, liberty, and property. Locke thought if the government tampered with any of those rights, the government should be rebelled against.

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A Constitutional Monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of the state within the parameters of a written, unwritten, or blended constitution.

Today, most of the constitutional monarchies are mostly linked with with Western European countries such as the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Spain, Luxembourg, Monaco, Liechtenstein, and Sweden. However, the two most congested constitutional monarchies in the world are in Asia: Japan and Thailand.

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Montesquieu was born on January 18, 1689 in France and died on February 10, 1755 in France. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were two of the many influences he had.

Montesquieu was a french lawyer and a political philosopher. He is best known for his thoughts on separation of powers. Montesquieu believed that the powers were divided into the executive, the judicial, and the legislative branches.

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Some characteristics that almost all democratic countries have are, citizens rule, free elections, and citizen participation.

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There are two main types of democracy. There is Direct and there is representative. Direct focuses on all of the citizens getting to vote on every important decision. Representative democracy only lets the people vote on the group of people who are going to make the decisions for our country. They do not get to vote on every important decision, like the direct democracy.

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A democracy is a government run by the people. Each citizen has a say in how the government is run. This is very different from a monarchy or a dictatorship because everyone has an opinion on what is best for their country. When your government is monarchy you have no say at all, and have to do what the ruler

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A Monarchy is a kind of government where a monarch, a kind of hereditary ruler, becomes the head of state.

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The countries that have an absolute Monarchy are Vatican City, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Swaziland.

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Monarchies were mostly tribes or small groups of people who decided to let their leader pass on their office to their children. Over the years deciding who becomes the next monarch got more complicated. Now the oldest son or, in some countries, daughter, gets to become the next monarch when the old one dies.

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The Monarchy is one of the oldest type of government.

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An Autocracy is a system of government where the power is concentrated in the hands of one main person. The ruler has most control with very little input from group members. There are two types of autocracy: Monarchy and Constitutional.

Cuba, Syria, China and Iran are some of the countries that have an autocracy government system. Some autocratic leaders were King Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth I, and Queen Isabella I.

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Pros:
-When decisions need to be make quickly, there doesn't need to be a meeting consulting a large group of people.
-In some situations that are stressful or urgent, group members may prefer an autocratic system.

Cons:
-Autocratic leaders usually make choices off of their own ideas and rarely accept advice from others.
-Some people dislike that they do not have a say in rules and laws in their country.
-It is also found that there is lack of creative solutions from problems due to one person resolving the situations.

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An Oligarchy is a system of government when all of the power is vested in a small amount of people in a dominant class.  "Government by the few."  Oligarchs are usually not elected and use their relationships and money to influence the elected officials. Oligarchs only associate with others who share the same traits as them. An Oligarchy can operate like a dictatorship, but instead of just one person ruling, their is a group. An Oligarchy manages the society which lets most people live normal day to day lives.

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Oligarchy governments are found in the countries of China, North Korea, Soviet Union, and Venezuela.