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Digital Graphic company that are willing to help us produce our Timeline graphics.  Email redparrotsigns@gmail.com

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Full colour digital images create graphics that demand and hold attention. Keep clients and customers informed and focused on your communication objectives with superb reproduction; vibrant colours and eye catching designs.

If you can imagine it, we can produce it, leaving a striking, full colour impression of your brand, product or service.

Our digital printing process is extremely sophisticated, creating custom images in full colour for both indoor and outdoor applications.

Banners

Window Graphics

Contra Vision

Posters

Vehicle Livery

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Taxi Stickers / Labels

Signage

All of the above can be used for Advertising, Sales Campaigns, Company Golf Days, Promotions, Special Occasions, Birthdays etc.

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Digital Graphics - Red Parrot Signs Company Manchester

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Full colour digital images create graphics that demand and hold attention. Keep clients and customers informed and focused on your communication objectives with superb reproduction; vibrant colours and eye catching designs. If you can imagine it, we can produce it, leaving a striking, full colour impression of your brand, product or service.

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exploring layout of object and floor design using Floorplanner.

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experimental layout using floor planner

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Pinterest

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*The Listening Project.  *Health. Click through to these to hear more conversations relating to health.
Conversation between friends, Angeline and Tina, about their experiences of post-natal depression.

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Conversation between friends, Angeline and Tina, about their experiences of post-natal depression. - Listening Project - Accents and dialects | British Library - Sounds

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The Listening Project conversations collectively form a picture of our lives and relationships today. Recordings were made by BBC producers of people sharing an intimate conversation, lasting up to an hour and on a topic of the speakers' choice.

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Pop up circles

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Timeline dates

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Timeline dates

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My lab, broadly speaking, is interested in trying to understand interactions between cells and materials. Those could be materials that are present within living tissue or materials that we use for engineering purposes to try to do something of technological or therapeutic interest.

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The known history of ophthalmology dates back to the early days of written history, in which initial observations and speculations about the eye were recorded. Over the ages, the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the eye continued to develop, and several major breakthroughs took place.

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Doctors of BC Medical Museum : 995.2.9: Auriscope Kit in Case

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Black leather case with purple velvet and silk lining containing 3 round specula, 4mm, 6mm and 1 squashed into oval shape, an auriscope with magnified eyepiece [lens in hardened rubber casing] & internal lamp with socket for electrical plug, a jointed instrument holder with clamp, a pen shaped light source with socket for electrical plug and a mirror with handle.

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Brunton Silver plated Otoscope by Arnold

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Brunton Silver plated Otoscope by Arnold

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Brunton Silver plated Otoscope by Arnold - Phisick | Medical Antiques

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A wunderkammer of antique medical, surgical and dental instruments. Photographs and related articles illuminate a history of medicine within a searchable database. For doctors, historians, collectors or the curious casual browser.

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Background: Inspection of or interventions in the external ear canal and the nostrils pose similar technical problems. This is the reason why early instruments devised for otoscopy and rhinoscopy were based on an identical principle.

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Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 1996; 75(5): 311-318
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-997586

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Bilder aus der Geschichte der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, dargestellt an Instrumenten aus der Sammlung im Deutschen Medizinhistorischen Museum in Ingolstadt The History of Ear-Specula. Pictures from the History of Otorhinolaryngology, Highlighted by Exhibits of the Deutsche Medizinhistorische Museum in Ingolstadt: H. Feldmann

HNO-Klinik, Universität Münster

Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
29 February 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Der äußere Gehörgang und das Naseninnere sind für eine Inspektion oder operative Eingriffe ohne technische Hilfsmittel nur sehr beschränkt zugänglich und bieten in dieser Hinsicht ähnliche Probleme. Darum stützten sich die Instrumente zur Otoskopie und Rhinoskopie im Anfang auf ein einheitliches Prinzip. Es waren zangenförmige Spreizinstrumente, vergleichbar den heutigen Nasenspecula, wie sie besonders in der Wundarznei zum Inspizieren enger Wundkanäle schon früher entwickelt worden waren. Zangenförmige Specula: Die erste Beschreibung und bildliche Darstellung eines Ohren- und Nasenspekulums diesen Typus findet sich bei Guy de Chauliac 1363. Technisch ausgereifte Modelle wurden dann von Fabricius Hildanus 1646 und Perret 1772 vorgestellt. Kramer (1836) verbesserte das zangenförmige Instrument speziell für die Otoskopie und schuf so das in der ersten Hälfte des 19.Jahrhunderts am weitesten verbreitete Ohrspekulum. Weitere Varianten dieses Typus stammten u.a. von Lincke und Schmalz (1846). Trichterförmige Specula: Ignaz Gruber in Wien entwickelte die ersten nicht gespaltenen und nicht spreizbaren Ohrtrichter aus Metall. Sie hatten eine einfache konische Form. W. R. Wilde aus Dublin hatte diese Trichter 1844 bei Gruber kennengelernt und sie dann systematisch verbessert. Durch ihn und A. v. Tröltsch, der sie wiederum bei Wilde gesehen hatte, wurden sie international verbreitet. Eine andere, flaschenförmig geschwungene Trichterform geht auf Schmalz (1846) und Erhard (1859) zurück, wurde aber erst von Josef Gruber in Wien 1870 zu einem kommerziell verfügbaren Instrument entwickelt. Die heute gebräuchlichen Ohrtrichter sind von A. Hartmann in Berlin 1881 angegeben worden. Spezielle Weiterentwicklungen: Eine wichtige Ergänzung der Hilfsmittel bei der Otoskopie, deren Bedeutung sofort erkannt wurde, war die Erfindung des pneumatischen Ohrtrichters durch E. Siegle 1864 in Stuttgart. Sie gestattete neben der Inspektion zugleich eine Prüfung der Beweglichkeit des Trommelfelles. Das Otoskop des englischen Militärarztes J. Brunton von 1862 verband zuerst in handlicher Anordnung Ohrtrichter verschiedener Größen mit einer Beleuchtung und Lupenvergrößerung. Es ist ein gedanklicher Vorläufer der heute von Allgemeinärzten und Kinderärzten bevorzugten Otoskope mit Batteriebetrieb. Diese kamen etwa ab 1928 in Gebrauch. Diese Entwicklung der Instrumente zur Otoskopie wird ausführlich dargestellt und durch zahlreiche Abbildungen illustriert.

Summary

Background: Inspection of or interventions in the external ear canal and the nostrils pose similar technical problems. This is the reason why early instruments devised for otoscopy and rhinoscopy were based on an identical principle. They were shaped like a pair of tongs, comparable to nasal specula of today. A similar type of instrument had been developed earlier by barber surgeons for inspecting narrow wound cavities. Tong-shaped specula: The first description and illustration of an aural and nasal speculum was provided by Guy de Chauliac in Montpellier, France in 1363. Sophisticated modeis were presented by Fabricius Hildanus in Germany in 1646 and J. J. Perret in Paris in 1772, who offered them in his illustrated catalogue of surgical instruments at fixed prices. W. Kramer (1836) in Berlin improved this tong-shaped instrument and devised the ear speculum named after him that was generally favored during the first half of the 19th century. Further variations of this type were presented by Lincke and Schmalz (1846) in Germany. Funnel-shaped specula: Ignaz Gruber in Vienna in 1838 devised the first funnel-shaped ear specula made of metal. They had a simple conical shape, were not divided into separate jaws, and could not be spread. Gruber himself did not publish his invention, but he demonstrated his ear specula to W. R. Wilde from Dublin, who had paid a visit to his office in Vienna. Wilde reported on this in 1844, and subsequently systematically refined Gruber's specula. A. v. Tröltsch from Würzburg (Germany) had seen these instruments at Wilde's office and it was Wilde himself and v. Tröltsch who helped this type of ear speculum to gain acceptance on an international scale. A different type of bottle-shaped ear speculum was first used by Schmalz (1846) and Erhard (1859) in Germany, but it was only developed into a commercially available instrument by Josef Gruber in Vienna in 1870. The ear specula most in use today were first presented by A. Hartmann in Berlin in 1881. Supplementary inventions: An important supplementary invention was the pneumatic ear speculum by E. Siegle in Stuttgart (Germany) in 1864. lt permitted not only inspecting the tympanic membrane but also examining its compliance and response to variations in air pressure in the ear canal. The importance of this instrument was recognized at once and has remained undisputed to this day. J. Brunton, an English military surgeon, presented his otoscope in 1862. It was the first device to incorporate interchangeable ear specula, illumination by a perforated mirror, and a magnifying lens into one handy instrument. It is the precursor of the modern diagnostic sets comprised of a battery-handle, various specula, and accessories for otoscopy, rhinoscopy, and ophthalmoscopy which started to come into use in the late twenties of this century. This historical development of the ear specula is described and illustrated in detail.

Schlüsselwörter

Geschichte der HNO-Heilkunde - Otoskopie - Ohrtrichter - Ohr-Specula

Key words

History of otorhinolaryngology - History of otology - Otoscopy - Ear specula - Aural specula

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Thieme E-Journals - Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie / Abstract

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 1996; 75(5): 311-318DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-997586 © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Bilder aus der Geschichte der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, dargestellt an Instrumenten aus der Sammlung im Deutschen Medizinhistorischen Museum in Ingolstadt The History of Ear-Specula. Pictures from the History of Otorhinolaryngology, Highlighted by Exhibits of the Deutsche Medizinhistorische Museum in Ingolstadt: H.

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Invention of the eye test

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If you have glasses or contact lenses, your prescription is likely a baffling list of numbers and acronyms. Blame Ferdinand Monoyer.

The French ophthalmologist, born on this date (May 9) in 1836, was responsible for the diopter - the unit of measurement we use to assess lenses and vision - as well as modern-day eye charts seen in many opticians across the globe.

On what would have been his 181st birthday, Google has designed an animated Google Doodle to honour the anniversary. The Doodle features a pair of eyes on the left, which form the 'O's in the word Google, alongside an eye chart on the right. As the eyes squint, the letters on the right become blurred. Monoyer's signature is also hidden in the chart.

Although not the first to create an eye chart for ophthalmology - Germany's Heinrich Küchler is widely accepted as the first to create a chart in 1836 using figures cut from calendars, books, and newspapers glued in rows of decreasing sizes - Monoyer's legacy has been the one that has lasted the longest.
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Building on the work of Küchler, as well as the visual acuity chart design of Herman Snellen from 1862 used commonly in the US, Monoyer developed his chart to run alongside a visual acuity measurement known as the diopter. The diopter measures the distance you'd have to be from text to read it.

The Snellen Eye Chart was invented as a way to improve the subjective nature of vision testing and involved patients reading passages of text held their hands or held at a distance by the doctor. This test was dependent, however, upon the reading ability of the patient, typeface, and the fact the patient could guess the next word by reading a sentence. So he switched to letters.

Characters on the first Snellen Charts included: A, C, E, G, L, N, P, R, T, 5, V, Z, B, D, 4, F, H, K, O, S, 3, U, Y, A, C, E, G and L, and were Egyptian Paragons or slab serifs of contrasting line thickness with cross strokes on terminals.

Monoyer, who ran an ophthalmic clinic at the hospital in Nancy, France, took this initial idea and used it to introduce the first test-types corresponding to a decimal system in 1875. He selected his font style on a letter-by-letter basis because he didn't feel there was a need to select the same linear dimensions in every case. For example, a letter H that is as wide as it is high can look too drawn out, and he believed that if you're going to judge a person's vision by it, that letter needed to be as legible as possible.

In Monoyer's charts, every row represents a different diopter, from smallest to largest. A diopter indicates how powerful a lens is in order to properly focus light on a person's retina. It is officially defined as being "the inverse of a person's focal length in metres."

A shortsighted person with a -1.00 diopter lens can see objects at one metre clearly before they become blurred. Similarly, someone with a -2.00 diopter measurement needs a lens that's twice as powerful, meaning they can only see objects up to a 1/2 metre away clearly. A -3.00 lens would mean the person can only see a distance of up to 1/3 of a metre clearly, and so on. Most nearsighted people are in the range of -1.50 to -7.00 diopters.

Alternatively, longsighted people who need a +1.00 diopter lens can see objects at one metre clearly, but anything closer than that is blurred.

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Ferdinand Monoyer is the reason your eyesight is measured in decimals

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If you have glasses or contact lenses, your prescription is likely a baffling list of numbers and acronyms. Blame Ferdinand Monoyer. The French ophthalmologist, born on this date (May 9) in 1836, was responsible for the diopter - the unit of measurement we use to assess lenses and vision - as well as modern-day eye charts seen in many opticians across the globe.

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Ophthalmoscopy is an examination of the back part of the eye (fundus), which includes the retina, optic disc, choroid, and blood vessels.

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Read our article and learn more on MedlinePlus: Ophthalmoscopy

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Appropiate Technology in the Third World. 

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Appropiate Technology in the Third World. 

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1. Ophthalmoscope Bulbs. A sturdy, battery operated interchangeable ophthalmoscope and auroscope  (maybe use with rechargable batteries.  The Welsh Allyn 3.5 V halogen diagnostic set  with charger unit from Steward Medical is a good example. 1984

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The cardiologist in the Third World. | The BMJ

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Methods of Examination. 9 December 1978

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Br Med J 1976; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6026.52-c (Published 03 July 1976)

Cite this as: Br Med J 1976;2:52
Ever since the invention of the ophthalmoscope in 1850 no totally enclosed part of the body has compared with the inner eye for ease of direct observation through a natural optical aperture.

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Concept / ideas exploring layout of a waiting room, various seating positions/table

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Visual ideas for The Doctors Waiting Room

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Doctor's Waiting Room Cartoons and Comics - funny pictures from CartoonStock

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Doctor's Waiting Room funny cartoons from CartoonStock directory - the world's largest on-line collection of cartoons and comics.

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A brief history into the development of the Ophthalmoscopy, eye tools and surgery methods.

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Collection Helmholtz's Description of an Ophthalmoscope

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Collection Helmholtz's Description of an Ophthalmoscope

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http://www.museumofvision.org/collection/artifacts?accession=1998.014.00001

Helmholtz's Description of an Ophthalmoscope

ACCESSION № | 1998.014.00001
CATEGORY | Textbook
PURPOSE | Literature
SPECIFIC NAME | Helmholtz's Description of an Ophthalmoscope
DATE | 1916

Description"Helmholtz's Description of the Ophthalmoscope: Being an English Translation of von Helmholtz's "Beschreibung eines Augenspiegels"" by Thomas Hall Shastid, published by the Cleveland Press, Chicago, 1916. Title page includes the note: "the first translation of this classic into any language" and "Edition limited to 500 copies. For private distribution only." Inside front cover is a book plate which reads "To Charles F. Prentice with The Translator's Compliments".

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Hermann von Helmholtz, MD (1821-1894) and the Ophthalmoscope

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Helmholtz's instrument showed that light entering the pupil is reflected back to its source. Furthermore, the light follows the same path out of the eye as it took entering the pupil.