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Thomas Alva Edison [11/2/1847－18/10/1931], an American scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. 'The Wizard of Menlo Park', as the title from media, Edison owned a large number of invention patents, and he is the first person who combined and used mass production principals and industrial laboratory for inventions and discoveries.

The patents of inventions under Edison's name were more than one thousand units, and the inventions of himself were more than two thousand units. The most famous four inventions of Edison are the phonograph, modified electric light bulb, kinetoscope and direct current, they are still influencing the world in nowadays.

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Phonograph is a device for recording and reproduction the sound mechanically. It was invented in year 1877 by Edison the inventor. Due to phonograph's records can be copy and produce massively and easily, and the sound play time was longer than most of the cylindrical record media, it had been named as one of the greatest invention of Edison.

It was an accidental discovery. Edison was researching and improving the telegraph machine one day, a monotonous sound got his attention, it was from the machine. He discovered that the machine had different sound while he typed on the paper with different force. Thereby, he had a suppose, can a carrier in motion with different channels create different sounds?

Another time when Edison was testing telephone, he noticed that plate of telephone would vibrate with the sound from the other side, he used a pin to test it, the regular rule was founded after this experiment. After few months of creations and improvements, a basic phonograph prototype had been created, the first phonograph.

'This is a machine that can speak.'

An odd machine with large cylinder, sound receiver and sound plate. In the final experiment, the song 'Mary Had A Little Lamb' sang by Edison was replayed from the machine peacefully...

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The news of 'the machine that can speak' created quite a stir in the international society. In year 1877, Edison demonstrated his machine in public, as soon as he gained another title, 'The Napoleon Bonaparte of Scientific World', phonograph became one of the three inspiring inventions of the 19th Century.

During the early periods of phonograph, Edison changed and improved the phonograph constantly for better performance, for the next fifty years, old and deaf Edison continued his efforts on phonograph until he died.

For the next one hundred and forty years, the massive waves of inventions those lifted by Edison's phonograph are meaningful and significant to the human history. From electric gramophone to magnetic tape sound recorder, from magnetic tape video recorder to laser recorder... With their appearances, to retrospect the origin, isn't that all from the grand invention of Edison?

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1.  'The Incredible Talking Machine'. Time Inc. June 23, 2010. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013.

2. 'The History of the Edison Cylinder Phonograph'. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2011-10-14.

3. 'The Biography of Thomas Edison'. Gerald Beals. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03.