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While some people were made incredibly rich, the majority lived in poverty.

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Gilded Age Politics: Crash Course US History #26

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Unfair business tactics made few powerful individuals and left no room for competition.

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Economy revolved around factories. Bad working conditions included long hours, low wages, and dangerous conditions.

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The Labor Movement in the United States | History

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Many people formed unions to bring change to industrial jobs. Many bosses used intimidation tactics to stop the formation of unions. Both the bosses and union members used violence to acomplish their tasks

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The origin of labor unions dates back to the eighteenth century and the industrial revolution in Europe. Union membership and power peaked around 1970. At that time, private sector union membership began a steady decline that continues today. However, membership in public sector unions continues to grow consistently.

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The poster child for Capitalism, J.D. Rockefeller was an excellent businessman and used loopholes and wasted nothing to make money. He made trusts with railroad companies and became a billionaire. His Standard Oil Company was the largest business in the land.

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With steel in high demand, Andrew Carnegie seized the opportunity and used his ruthless business tactics to acquire a monopoly. He bought out competition and bought out every business that sold him supplies to cut  production costs.

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Alexander Graham Bell revolutionized communication with the invention of the telephone in 1876. This device help skyrocket the business world and increase trade.

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Unlike other entrepreneurs, Morgan was born into a wealthy family and his father had already made a name for himself in the banking industry. He started in an executive track position in one of New York's finest banks. he later invested in several companies and ended up buying a bridge and tubing company. His most renowned purchase was when he bought the Carnegie Steel Company for $500 million. Within 10 years steel was worth over a billion dollars.

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The light bulb was a huge game changer in the time of candles. It allowed people to not be dependent on the sun and candles for a source of light. Developed by Thomas Edison in 1879, urban areas consumed the product at a staggering rate.

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Let There Be Light - The Invention Of The Light Bulb I THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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There were separate jobs thought to be had by a certain gender. Men work included wage work and politics, while women were childbearing and domestic work.

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The Victorian Era

When was the Victorian era? This era spanned from 1837 to 1901, the years that coincided with Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne and her death. The Victorian era is seen as an era of contradiction. Social movements that promoted public morality coincided with a divisive class system that imposed harsh living conditions on the working and lower classes. Dignity and repression were contrasted with child labor and rampant prostitution.

Family and Duty

What were the values of Victorian era? Families were an all-important structure in the Victorian era. Most families during this period were quite large, with five or six children on average. As such, their structure was patriarchal, the father as the head, and everyone in the family fulfilling a specific role.

For Victorian parents, the upbringing of their children was the most important responsibility. They believed that a child must know right from wrong in order to adhere to the strict moral code as an adult. As such, consequences were freely given for those children who did not follow the rules.

Truthfulness was another Victorian moral that was taken very seriously. This idea was utilized as a way in which to determine someone's character; Victorians valued the moral character of a person more than the factual basis of his or her assertions.

Charity

The act of charity to the 'deserving poor' was an important part of the Victorian era value system. Who were the deserving poor? These included in that category were the sick and infirm, orphans and widows, and the elderly. The idea that it was the obligation of the upper class to care for and manage the remainder of the population.

Victorian era charities saw the role of the church start evolving, becoming the main instrument of charity. Charity was about involving every being in some kind of social service and good work.

Sexual Propriety

The ideas of prudery and repression were features of the Victorian era code of morality, though there is evidence of the existence of a small collection of erotica from the Victorian era, one of the most famous being My Secret Life, which was written by Anonymous and discreetly distributed in the late nineteenth century.

However, verbal and written communications regarding sexuality and emotions were often conveyed by using what was known as the language of the flowers. More specifically, it became popular to use flowers to send secretive messages of affection and love. During the Victorian era, the publication of flower dictionaries explaining the meaning of plants, flowers and herbs, sparked the spread of this 'language' throughout Europe. This was important because the same flower could have opposite meanings depending on how it was arranged or delivered.

What was the view regarding the moral expectations of women during the Victorian era? Well, different social classes in Victorian times were held to different standards when it came to sexual propriety. In the upper and middle class, women were expected to have no sexual relations before marriage.The only premarital sex that would take place would be between men and servants or prostitutes because the upper and middle class women would not go against the standards of accepted sexual conduct.

Victorian literature and art was full of examples of women paying dearly for straying from these moral expectations. The upper class Victorians strictly enforced these beliefs and values, so that women would continue to be seen as pure. In contrast, it was far more acceptable for those belonging to the working class to have sex before marriage.

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When was the Victorian era? This era spanned from 1837 to 1901, the years that coincided with Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne and her death. The Victorian era is seen as an era of contradiction. Social movements that promoted public morality coincided with a divisive class system that imposed harsh living conditions on the working and lower classes.

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Baseball became America's pastime in the 1800's. The National League was formed in 1876 and Americans were able to watch professionals play. The National League and its rival, the American League, played for the first World Series Championship.  in 1903. The baseball craze led to the financing of large grandstand arenas such as Fen-Way Park in Boston, Shibe Park in Philadelphia, and Wrigley Field in Chicago.

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In The Book of American Pastimes (New York: The Author, 1866), Charles A.Peverelly wrote: "The game of Base Ball has now become beyond question the leading feature of the out-door sports of the United States ... It is a game which is peculiarly suited to the American temperament and disposition; the nine innings are played in the brief space of two and one half hours, or less. From the moment the first striker takes his position, and poises his bat, it has an excitement and vim about it ... in short, the pastime suits the people, and the people suit the pastime."

This print depicts Union soldiers playing a baseball game in a Confederate prisoner of war camp in North Carolina during the American Civil War. Baseball had evolved into an organized sport in the 1840s and 1850s. Many early teams were established in New York City and Brooklyn. Alexander Cartwright (of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club), drew up rules that were widely adopted. By 1866 baseball was being referred to as the national pastime.

The Brooklyn Atlantics dominated early baseball by winning championships in 1861, 1864, and 1865. The Atlantics usually crushed their competition, scoring two or three times more runs than their opponents. The game was an amateur sport. According to the rules of the National Association of Base Ball Players, athletes could not accept wages to play ball, although gifts and jobs were sometimes offered as a means of compensation.

This team portrait is an original photograph mounted on a card; a forerunner of the baseball cards that became popular in the 1880s. At the start of the 1865 season, the Atlantics presented opposing teams with framed photographs of the "Champion Nine." The photographer, Scottish-born Charles H. Williamson (1826-1874), opened a daguerreotype studio in Brooklyn in 1851 and worked as a photographer until his death.

This decorative label is an early example of a tobacco company using a generic baseball scene to help sell its product.

Members of the Washington, D.C., National League team appear in studio poses that were also used on individual baseball cigarette cards. Catcher Connie Mack (see detail below) later managed the Philadelphia Athletics for fifty years and was elected to the Hall of Fame. In some of the individual pictures you can see a string suspending the ball. The players that year were: C. Carroll, E. Daily, P. Dealey, J. Donnelly, J. Farrell, F. Gilmore, P. Hines, C. Mack, A. Myers, B. O'Brien, H. O'Day, D. Shaw, G. Shoch, J. Whitney.

This souvenir group portrait shows the Baltimore Orioles and a team of players from other National League clubs who barnstormed in exhibition games. At least three of the men portrayed, Jesse Burkett, Jimmy Collins, and Hughie Jennings, were later elected to the Hall of Fame.

According to baseball historian Paul Dickson, this photograph is believed to be the first photo of a "softball" (indoor baseball) team.

This proud but ultimately tragic assemblage of players, coaches, and mascot is the baseball squad from the battleship USS Maine. The team had just won the Navy baseball championship held in Key West, Florida, in December 1897, beating a team from the cruiser USS Marblehead eighteen to three. The Maine's star was a black pitcher named William Lambert (upper right), and engine stoker from Hampton, Virginia, who was described by one shipmate as "a master of speed, curves, and control."

Two months after this celebratory photograph was taken, on February 15, 1898, all but one of these men died when the Maine exploded and sank in Havana harbor, killing 260 of the ship's crew and sparking the Spanish-American War. Other than the goat, which was left behind in Key West when the ship was ordered to Cuba, the lone survivor was John Bloomer (upper left). Only minutes before this devastating--and still mysterious--explosion, C.H. Newton (middle row, second from left) had sounded taps for the crew at the usual time of 9:10 p.m. Caption written by Alan Bisbort for the 1997 Library of Congress Baseball Calendar.

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Baseball Beginnings | Early Baseball Pictures, 1860s to 1920s | Articles and Essays | By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s | Digital Collections | Library of Congress

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In The Book of American Pastimes (New York: The Author, 1866), Charles A.Peverelly wrote: "The game of Base Ball has now become beyond question the leading feature of the out-door sports of the United States ...

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Cities spread like wildfire and it raised the standard of living. Industrialists started building up instead of horizontally.