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His father, Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, died and left the empire to his two sons, Charlemagne and Carloman. However, Carloman died leaving only Charlemagne to take over as the new King of the Franks.

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The Vikings attacked defenseless monasteries. They eventually settled down in many parts of Europe, such as Scandinavia, Scotland, and Iceland. One Viking, Leif Eriksson made it to North America, settling in what is present day Canada

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800 - Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor

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800 - Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor

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When Charlemagne was in Rome, Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of the Romans over the Holy Roman Empire. He received the title Carolus Augustus

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Mid-800’s - Fall of the Holy Roman Empire

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Mid-800’s - Fall of the Holy Roman Empire

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Charlenagne’s descendants lacked his intelligence and point of view, casusing the empire to divide and fall.

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About 100 years after Charlemagne died most Europeans were being governed by small, local leaders.

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The Turks were driven out of Jeruselum by armies from Europe, who took control of Jeruselum.

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A second crusade was launched to take back Edessa, which was conquered by the Turks, but it was unsuccessful.

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Richard the Lionheart fought Saladin for years, but he couldnt conquer Jeruselum, however, he won the right for pilgrims to once again visit the holy city.

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Pope Innocent III started the fourth crusade in attempts to take back the Holy Land, however, the Crusaders got sidetracked and ended up conquering, and plundering, Constantinople instead.

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King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta, which stated the king was not above the law of the land and it protected the rights of the people.

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King Edward the III of England claimed he was the rightful king of France, which began the war. It lasted for over 100 years and it involved fighting over the comtrol of valuable wool trade, disputes over certain areas of land, and the support for Scotland by the French.

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1347-1350 - Black Plague Begins and Ends

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1347-1350 - Black Plague Begins and Ends

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There was no cure for the disease and it was highly contagious. It killed around 800 people in Paris, France. So many people died from this that they didn't have enough room to bury them so they would throw those who had died into a pit.

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Three men claimed they were the pope, at the same time. The Church split and consisted of a pope and an antipope. Whenever one, or both, would die the cardinals would have to elect a new pope or antipope.

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This was a period of time when the middle ages began transitioning into more modern things. For example, the printing press was invented, this marked the beginning of the renaissance.

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It consolidated power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish Kingdom, but it ended because of its use of extremely brutal methods.