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Merneptah, also spelled Meneptah, or Merenptah, (died 1204?), king of Egypt (reigned 1213-04 bc) who successfully defended Egypt against a serious invasion from Libya.

The 13th son of his long-lived father, Ramses II, Merneptah was nearing 60 years of age at his accession in about 1213. Toward the end of his father's reign, Egypt's military preparedness had deteriorated. Early in Merneptah's reign, his troops had to suppress a revolt in Palestine by the cities of Ashqelon, Gezer, and Yenoam. (The action is shown by battle reliefs at al-Karnak previously ascribed to Ramses II.) Merneptah's greatest challenge, however, came from the west. Libyans had penetrated the buffer territory west of the delta oases and were encroaching on Egyptian lands. About 1209 Merneptah learned that some Sea Peoples, wanderers who had been displaced from Asia Minor and the Aegean lands and were roving the Middle East, had joined and armed the Libyans and with them were conspiring to attack Memphis and Heliopolis, the great administrative and religious centres near the delta's apex.

After receiving assurances in a dream from Ptah, god of endangered Memphis, the aged king marshaled his forces and prepared to meet the enemy. The site of the battle is disputed, but a place somewhere west of the apex of the delta is suggested by references in the four accounts of the war. At dawn of a spring day in 1209, the Libyans and their allies appeared, evidently expecting a pitched battle. Merneptah, however, unleashed his archers against them, while his infantry and chariotry held fast. For six hours the bowmen massacred the foe, after which the latter's chief fled, and the Egyptian chariotry and infantry routed the demoralized enemy. It was a great victory in which the Libyans and Sea Peoples lost nearly 9,400 men. Egypt was relieved, and Merneptah ordered the carving of four great commemorative texts. One of these, the famous "Israel Stela," refers to the suppression of the revolt in Palestine. It contains the earliest-known reference to Israel, which Merneptah counted among the peoples that he defeated. Hebrew scholars suggest that the circumstances agree approximately with the period noted in biblical books from late Exodus to Judges. A fragmentary stela from the Sudan also suggests that the king quelled a rebellion in Lower Nubia, probably after his Palestinian exploits.

He probably died in about 1204. He left few monuments, but in his conduct of Egypt's defense and diplomacy he was at least the equal of his father.

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Merneptah, king of Egypt (reigned 1213-04 bc) who successfully defended Egypt against a serious invasion from Libya. The 13th son of his long-lived father, Ramses II, Merneptah was nearing 60 years of age at his accession in about 1213. Toward the end of his father's reign, Egypt's military

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Photo colorizer Jordan Lloyd of Dynamichrome was recently commissioned to digitally color reconstructed photos of the discovery and exploration of Tutankhaten's tomb starting in 1922.

The project took several months, and a great deal of research was done into finding accurate color references for things seen in the photos.

The photo above was taken just as King Tut's coffin lid was taken off. Tutankhamun is seen lying intact with a 24-pound burial mask made of solid gold. Here are other before-and-after photos in the series:

December 1922: The Antechamber

December 1922: The Antechamber

December 1922: The Antechamber

December 1922: The Antechamber

December 1922: The Antechamber

c. 1923

c.1923: The Treasury

November 29, 1923

December 1923

c.1923: The Treasury

c.1923: The Treasury

c.1923: The Treasury

c.1924(?)

December 2, 1923: The Burial Chamber

December 1923: The Burial Chamber

December 1923: The Burial Chamber

January 1924

January 4, 1924

October 1925

October 1925

The original black-and-white photos in this project were captured by Egyptologist Harry Burton, and the colorization was done with the Griffith Institute in Oxford and SC Exhibitions based in Germany for their upcoming exhibition " The Discovery of King Tut," which opens on November 21st on 5th Avenue in New York.

P.S. Last year, we featured a behind-the-scenes look at Lloyd's colorization work. You can also find more on his website, Instagram, and Twitter.
Image credits: All images by Harry Burton. ©The Griffith Institute, Oxford. Colorized by Dynamichrome for the exhibition "The Discovery of King Tut" on New York's 5th Avenue on November 21st, 2015 in conjunction with SC Exhibitions.

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Colorized Photos of the Discovery of King Tut's Tomb

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Photo colorizer Jordan Lloyd of Dynamichrome was recently commissioned to digitally color reconstructed photos of the discovery and exploration of Tutankhaten's tomb starting in 1922. The project took several months, and a great deal of research was done into finding accurate color references for things seen in the photos.

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Hatshepsut Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com

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Today it is generally recognized that Hatshepsut assumed the position of Pharaoh. The length of her reign usually is given as twenty-two years. The third-century B.C. historian, Manetho, gave that figure of twenty-one years and nine months, and he had access to many records that now are lost.

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Tutankhamun Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com

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Tutankhamun (sometimes called King Tut) was a Pharaoh (like a king) of Ancient Egypt from about 1334 BC to 1323 BC. He became Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (royal family) during the New Kingdom at 9 years old. Tutankhamun ruled only 9 years and died very young, at 18, so he is known as The Boy King.

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The name 'Seti' means "of Set", which indicates that he was consecrated to the god Set (or "Seth"). As with most pharaohs, Seti had several names. Upon his ascension, he took the prenomen "mn-m3't-r' ", usually vocalized as Menmaatre, in Egyptian, which means "Eternal is the Justice of Re."

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Egyptian Pharaohs! Visit this site dedicated to providing information, facts and history about Egyptian Pharaohs. Fast and accurate facts and information about Egyptian Pharaohs.