# data[].attributes.body
Strongly find pit bulls to be vicious, this causes for policy to be made restricting the breed

# data[].attributes.body
are more tolerant which gives hope into erasing the stigma in the future

# data[].attributes.body
Younger people side with nurture while older people side with nature

# data[].attributes.body
Are pitbulls vicious?

robotics
ask five random people per class
Ask teachers
ask neighbors

# data[].attributes.body
Lallanilla, Marc. “Are Pit Bulls Really Dangerous?” LiveScience, Purch, 14 Feb. 2013, www.livescience.com/27145-are-pit-bulls-dangerous.html.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
(Image credit: <a href="http://www.shutterstock.com/gallery-56831p1.html">Sergey Lavrentev </a> | <a href="http://www.shutterstock.com/">Shutterstock</a>)

Tales of pit bulls mauling youngsters seem to abound, with one story hitting the news in 2013 detailing police in Nassau County, New York, who were searching door-to-door for two pit bulls that had attacked a teenage boy and three women during a 30-minute period on Feb. 13 of that year.

"One literally went for my leg and [the] other was trying to jump on top of me, but I was hitting them, and I was punching them," Janelle Manning, 24, told CBS New York at the time. "They both weren't letting go, once they got a hold of my leg." Because of her leg injuries, Manning struggled to walk up and down stairs, CBS reported. "These dogs were, like, trained to kill; trained to hurt and viciously attack people," she said.

But do pit bulls deserve their reputation as vicious "attack" dogs? An overwhelming amount of evidence suggests, in some instances, they do.

A five-year review of dog-bite injuries from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, published in 2009 in the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, found that almost 51 percent of the attacks were from pit bulls, almost 9 percent were from Rottweilers and 6 percent were from mixes of those two breeds.

In other words, a whopping two-thirds of the hospital's dog-attack injuries involved just two breeds, pit bulls and Rottweilers.

Other studies confirm these statistics: A 15-year study published in 2009 in the American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology revealed that pit bulls, Rottweilers and German shepherds were responsible for the majority of fatal dog attacks in the state of Kentucky. [ See What Your Dog's Breed Says About You]

And a 2011 study from the Annals of Surgery revealed that "attacks by pit bulls are associated with higher morbidity rates, higher hospital charges and a higher risk of death than are attacks by other breeds of dogs."

The authors of that 2011 study go on to say, "Strict regulation of pit bulls may substantially reduces the U.S. mortality rates related to dog bites."

Pit bulls and the law

Some states and cities have acted on the research: The state of Maryland has determined that pit bulls are "inherently dangerous" and all owners are liable for any injuries they cause, according to the Baltimore Sun.

Even the U.S. Army has acknowledged that pit bulls are high-risk dogs; they are therefore prohibited in some military housing units.

Pit bulls join several other breeds on the list of dogs that are recognized as more likely to attack and cause significant injury: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed data and found the following breeds are implicated in a majority of dog-bite fatalities:

Pit bulls

Rottweilers

German shepherds

Huskies

Wolf hybrids

Malamutes

Doberman pinschers

Chow-chows

Saint Bernards

Great Danes

It's worth noting that no matter how these data are arranged - mixed breeds versus pure breeds, injuries versus fatalities - pit bulls consistently rank at the top of the list for attacks, and by a wide margin. (Rottweilers generally rank a distant second.)

Paying the price for pit bulls

As a result of the overwhelming evidence against pit bulls, home owners and landlords often must pay significantly higher insurance premiums if they have a pit bull or other recognized "bad dog" breed on their property. [ Infographic: Dog Bite Incidents]

Fans of pit bulls are quick to assert that a dog's propensity for attack depends in large part on its owner and how it is raised, and there's considerable evidence that owners of pit bulls and other high-risk dogs are themselves high-risk people.

A 2006 study from the Journal of Interpersonal Violence revealed that owners of vicious dogs were significantly more likely to have criminal convictions for aggressive crimes, drugs, alcohol, domestic violence, crimes involving children and firearms.

These findings were confirmed in a 2009 report published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences. The authors of that report wrote, "Vicious dog owners reported significantly more criminal behaviors than other dog owners," and they were ranked "higher in sensation seeking and primary psychopathy."

And a 2011 study, also in the Journal of Forensic Sciences, found that "vicious dog owners reported significantly higher criminal thinking, entitlement, sentimentality and super-optimism tendencies. Vicious dog owners were arrested, engaged in physical fights, and used marijuana significantly more than other dog owners."

What exactly is a 'pit bull'?

The term "pit bull" is a general term encompassing three distinct, though related, breeds: the American pit bull terrier, the American Staffordshire terrier, and the Staffordshire bull terrier.

They were originally bred as "catch dogs" for hunting and attacking large animals like wild boar, for herding livestock and for pit fighting.

There's a myth that pit bulls have "locking jaws" that seize up when biting. Though pit bulls have strong jaws and, like most dogs, will hold onto their prey after biting it, there is no evidence that a pit bull's jaws are anatomically different from those of other breeds.

Even fans of pit bulls acknowledge the breed is different from other dogs. "I tell people right off the bat, if you want a dog-park-type dog, a dog you can just run off-leash, please do not get a pit bull," Ami Ciontos, founder and president of the Atlanta Underdog Initiative, a pit bull rescue group, told CNN.com.

"I want to make sure that whomever I adopt to is educated about the breed," Ciontos said. "We want to make sure they understand the stigma about the breed and that they are held to a higher standard."

Marc Lallanilla has been a science writer and health editor at About.com and a producer with ABCNews.com. His freelance writing has appeared in the Los Angeles Times and TheWeek.com. Marc has a Master's degree in environmental planning from the University of California, Berkeley, and an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
(Image credit: Sergey Lavrentev | Shutterstock ) Tales of pit bulls mauling youngsters seem to abound, with one story hitting the news in 2013 detailing police in Nassau County, New York, who were searching door-to-door for two pit bulls that had attacked a teenage boy and three women during a 30-minute period on Feb.

# data[].attributes.body
“Dog Breeds That Frequently Bite Humans.” Kisling, Nestico & Redick, 3 July 2018, www.knrlegal.com/dog-breeds-frequently-bite-humans/.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
When reviewing dog bite statistics, it is important to keep a few facts in mind. Any dog can bite. Whether or not a certain dog is aggressive, hostile, or reactive depends on how it was raised. Any breed of dog can be trained and socialized well, making it safe to be around strangers and children. A dog can also be un-trained or trained to fight or protect its family. This makes the dog more likely to act out or bite someone it perceives as a threat. Unfortunately, certain breeds are more often trained to be aggressive or protective. These often include inherently strong breeds like pit bulls and Rottweilers.

If you or a loved one have been bitten by a dog, you may not be focused on the breed or its training. You're worried about how you will cover the unexpected expenses and handle the ramifications of such a traumatic event.

Instead of taking this on by yourself, you should contact our Ohio injury law firm Kisling, Nestico & Redick at 1-800-HURT-NOW to speak to one of our qualified dog bite attorneys. Depending on the location of your case, a personal injury lawyer in Akron, Toledo, Columbus, Youngstown, or Cleveland can get started on your potential case today. We have 11 offices in Ohio to best serve you at a location near you.

Dog Bite Facts

Based on data regarding dog attacks in the U.S. and Canada between 1982 and 2014, the dogs most likely to bite humans are:

The Concern Over Pitt Bulls

Pitt bulls are regularly cited has one of the most dangerous dog breeds. Between 2005 and 2016, Pitt bull attacks led to 64.8 percent of all dog-related deaths. Over this decade, this type of dog caused 254 deaths.

The number of pit bull attacks and fatalities is not because pit bull breeds are inherently violent. Organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) do not recognize any difference between a pit bull's potential aggressiveness and any other breed's capacity for violence. However, there are reasons why pit bulls contribute to such a large percentage of animal attacks and fatalities. These breeds of dogs are stocky and have one of the strongest jaws of any type of dog.

Throughout history, pit bulls have been bred for to fight. Not only will the breed be tenacious in a fight after being injured, their strength enables them to inflict the maximum amount of damage on another dog. When pit bulls bite, they tend to lock their jaw and shake. Unfortunately, this translates to their ability to significantly injure or kill another dog or person.

Other Dog Breeds That Cause Fatalities

After pit bulls, there are a number of other dog breeds that caused fatalities between 2005 and 2016:

Rottweilers - 11 percent

German shepherds - 3.8 percent

American bulldog - 3.6 percent

Mixed breeds - 3.3 percent

Mastiff/Bullmastiff - 3.1 percent

Husky - 3.1 percent

Unknown, unreleased, or a combination - 7.3 percent

Recovering Compensation After a Dog Bite in Ohio

If you or loved one have been bitten by a dog in Ohio, call us today. Under the Ohio Dog Bite statute, a dog's owner is almost always responsible for any injuries their dog causes. This is known as strict liability. The only limitations to this may be if there is evidence of you provoking the dog before the attack or trespassing on another person's property. However, if neither of these factors are part of your case, contact us about seeking compensation for your or your loved one's dog bite injuries. You may need to file a third-party insurance claim or a personal injury lawsuit.

You may also attempt to recover compensation based on Ohio's common law regarding dog bites. If you believe the dog's owner knew it was vicious or had previously been aggressive, then you may be able to pursue a monetary recovery based on negligence.

Contact Our Ohio Dog Bite Lawyers Today

If you or a loved one were injured in a dog attack, contact our Ohio injury law firm at Kisling, Nestico & Redick as soon as possible. We will review your situation, investigate liability for the attack, and seek to obtain the greatest amount of compensation possible for your injuries.

Call us at 1-800-HURT-NOW to schedule an initial consultation.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dog Breeds that Frequently Bite Humans | Kisling, Nestico & Redick

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When reviewing dog bite statistics, it is important to keep a few facts in mind. Any dog can bite. Whether or not a certain dog is aggressive, hostile, or reactive depends on how it was raised. Any breed of dog can be trained and socialized well, making it safe to be around strangers and children.

# data[].attributes.body
Holland, Joshua. “Pitbulls Used to Be Considered the Perfect ‘Nanny Dogs’ for Children -- Until the Media Turned Them Into Monsters.” Alternet, www.alternet.org/civil-liberties/pitbulls-used-be-considered-perfect-nanny-dogs-children-until-media-turned-them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
For most of the 114 years since the American pitbull terrier was first recognized by the United Kennel Club, the breed was rightly seen as the perfect "nanny dog" for children because of its friendly nature, loyalty and stability. As the ASPCA notes, the pitbulls were "once considered especially non-aggressive to people."

Today, as any owner of a "pitbull-type" dog* can attest, parents often recoil in horror when they spot one of these animals, pulling their children close as if to protect them from a marauding werewolf. Fanciful myths about the breed abound, and some public officials have compared their bites to those of sharks and tigers.

Since the 1980s, the media have falsely portrayed the pitbull as a bloodthirsty monster, inherently more dangerous than other strong breeds of dog. There is absolutely no factual basis for that narrative, but it's led to a vicious cycle in which people who want a badass dog to fight, or to guard property, or to intimidate rival gangs tend to choose pitbulls (or Rottweilers, another much-maligned breed). Pitbulls are the dog of choice for irresponsible breeders, dog-fighters, people who want a tough-looking dog to tie up in their yard and those who refuse to have their male dogs fixed because they think those big, swinging balls makes them look tough by proxy ( 86 percent of fatal canine attacks involve an unneutered male, according to the American Humane Society).

A 2009 study in the Journal of Forensic Science ($$), found that the owners of vicious dogs, regardless of the breed, had "significantly more criminal behaviors than other dog owners." The researchers added that "vicious dog owners were higher in sensation seeking and primary psychopathy," and concluded that "vicious dog ownership may be a simple marker of broader social deviance." And according to the ASPCA, "Pit Bulls often attract the worst kind of dog owners."

All of those human failings lead to poorly socialized and potentially aggressive dogs. It is because pitbulls are disproportionately favored by these kinds of owners that they're responsible for a statistically outsized share of serious attacks on humans. These incidents are then reported - and very often misreported - with breathless sensationalism by the media, and the cycle continues.

Meanwhile, advocates say that pitbulls are the most frequently abused, tortured, abandoned and euthanized breed of dog in the United States. Shelters across the country are overflowing with pitbull mixes. Because of their stigma, they're often difficult to adopt out; a ride to the shelter is almost always a one-way trip for pitties.

We have tragically betrayed our children's beloved nanny-dogs, raising them irresponsibly, training them to be aggressive and then turning them into pariahs when they behave as any dog would in similar circumstances.
The Facts
According to the American Veterinary Medicine Association, "controlled studies have not identified this breed group as disproportionately dangerous." The American Temperance Testing Society (ATTS) puts thousands of dogs - purebreds and spayed and neutered mixed-breeds - through their paces each year. The dogs are tested for skittishness, aggression and their ability to differentiate between threatening and non-threatening humans. Among all of the breeds ATTS tested - over 30,000 dogs through May 2011 -- 83 percent passed the test. How did pitbulls do? They showed an above average temperament, with 86 percent making the grade. Pitbulls are the second most tolerant breed tested by ATTS, after only golden retreivers.

Pitbulls do not have special "locking jaws" - that's pure mythology. They don't demonstrate some sort of special shaking action when they bite - all dogs display similar biting behavior. Pitbulls do not exert an unusual amount of bite-force for their size. Multiple studies have found that bite force correlates to body-weight, and tests of three breeds conducted by National Geographic found that the American pitbull terrier exerted less bite-force than German shepherds or Rottweilers.

While they have been a favorite of dog-fighters for a century, pitbulls weren't originally bred for fighting. According to the United Kennel Club, sometime in the 19th century European breeders began crossing various terriers with bulldogs in search of a breed that had the former's enthusiasm and the latter's stamina and strength. The pitbull breeds that resulted were then imported and embraced "as catch dogs for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt, to drive livestock, and as family companions." (UKC also notes that pitbulls "have always been noted for their love of children," but aren't "the best choice for a guard dog since they are extremely friendly, even with strangers.")

Pitbulls are among dozens of strong, muscular breeds of canine. All are capable of doing damage to humans if they're not properly socialized and supervised. Most dogs do not, even when they've been neglected or abused. None are inherently monstrous - they are all just dogs. And we know what makes dogs of any breed more likely to be aggressive.

Karen Delise, research director for the National Canine Research Council and author of The Pitbull Placebo, has investigated hundreds of serious dogbite incidents in depth. As she explains:

My study of dog bite-related fatalities occurring over the past five decades has identified the poor ownership/management practices involved in the overwhelming majority of these incidents: owners obtaining dogs, and maintaining them as resident dogs outside of regular, positive human interaction, often for negative functions (i.e. guarding/protection, fighting, intimidation/status); owners failing to humanely contain, control and maintain their dogs (chained dogs, loose roaming dogs, cases of abuse/neglect); owners failing to knowledgably supervise interaction between children and dogs; and owners failing to spay or neuter dogs not used for competition, show, or in a responsible breeding program.

There are a tiny number of attacks that simply can't be explained. Occasionally, a well-raised, beloved pet without a history of behavioral issues will hurt a human - dogs are animals, after all - but these incidents are incredibly rare.
Pitbull Takes Its Turn As Media's Monster Dog
The pitbull is not the first dog to be seen as inherently dangerous. The media seem to feed off the idea of monster dogs -- it makes great copy.

As Karen Delise details in her book, in the 19th century, bloodhounds were believed to be inherently vicious, having a taste for human blood. "Eventually," she writes, "these bloodhounds fell from view, and we pushed other dogs into the spotlight, including the German Shepherd dog and the Doberman Pinscher." (Dobermans were widely believed to have abnormally small brains, turning them into mindless killers, but this, like the pitbull's "locking jaws," was simply a myth.) Other breeds that have haunted the popular imagination in the past include mastiffs and Newfoundlands. In Canada, Siberian huskies have often played the role of killer-hound.

Delise, who reviewed news accounts of fatal dog attacks going back more than 100 years, also noted a shift in the way media report these incidents. Fifty years ago, she writes, dogs were "portrayed as sentient beings that reacted to pain, discomfort, or fear. Additionally, many reports of dog attacks conveyed the understanding that aggression was a natural and expected behavior of dogs in certain circumstances. Owners and/or victims were often identified in news reports as exhibiting behaviors (intentionally or unintentionally) that caused the dog to attack."

That kind of understanding has since been replaced by an almost-singleminded focus on the breed of dogs that turn violent, stripped of any larger context.

Breed misidentification plays a significant role in the stigma attached to pitbulls. It's difficult even for experts to properly identify a breed of dog. A study published in the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science ($$) found that "87.5% of the dogs identified by an adoption agency as having specific breeds in their ancestry did not have all of those breeds detected by DNA analysis."

That problem is compounded by media sensationalism. Karen Delise studied every fatal dog bite reported in the years between 2002-2005, and found that "eleven dogs involved in fatal attacks with no Pitbull characteristics were counted as Pitbulls, while their 'true' breeds were not reported, and three dogs that were clearly not Rottweilers were identified as Rottweilers." That was among a total of 47 fatal attacks (by all breeds) reported during that period.

This dog was involved in a fatal attack and the media called it a pitbull...

According to Delise, this dog was reported as a pitbull despite the fact that animal control officers told reporters that she was in fact a Labrador mix...

This kind of misidentification creates a feedback loop, as most studies of fatal attacks rely on media reports for breed identification.

The media's role in amplifying the public's fear of pitbull-type dogs was evident in a study conducted by the National Canine Research Council in 2008. When an Arizona woman was killed by one or more dogs identified as Labrador retrievers, one local newspaper reported the story. But that same year, when a California man was killed by one or more pitbulls, the incident was reported "by at least 285 media outlets, both nationally (in 47 U.S. states) and internationally (in eight other countries). MSNBC, Forbes, USA Today, Fox News, CBS News, and ABC News all picked up the story."

And when an infant in New Jersey was reportedly killed by a Siberian husky, around a dozen local news outlets reported the tragic incident, according to the study. But when another infant was killed by what authorities described as a pitbull in Nevada the same month, it was reported by over 200 media outlets around the world, often with the word "pitbull" in the headlines. Like shark attacks, our perception of the risk associated with these dogs has a lot to do with this kind of sensationalism.
Dog Racism
Some people are understandably offended when the demonization of pitbulls is compared with bigotry against ethnic minorities, but there's one aspect of the analogy that is just too apt to ignore.

Pitbulls are disproportionately involved in serious attacks on humans, just as African Americans are found guilty of a disproportionate number of crimes in the United States. That's simply what the raw data say.

Most people consider the claim that blacks are inherently more criminal than whites, based on that raw data, to be pretty darn racist as it ignores the social, economic and legal context of crime and instead ascribes it to some imagined genetic or cultural flaw among African Americans.

And yet, when you strip away the overt falsehoods about pitbulls - those locking jaws and shark-like bites - the raw statistics, stripped of social context, is the entirety of the case against these animals (made even worse by the unreliable nature of data based on media-reported breeds in attacks).

So when Matt Drudge hypes stories of "packs" of black youths rampaging in America's streets, he's rightly called out for race-baiting. But when sex advice columnist Dan Savage, who writes numerous posts about pitbulls behaving badly with titles like, " Pit Bulls Should be Boiled Alive like Lobsters and Fed to Their Idiot Owners," and compares these domesticated canines with wild tigers, he's doing the exact same thing as Drudge. (Worse, Savage doesn't appear to make any effort to confirm that the dogs implicated in the stories he promotes are actually pitbulls.)
Only a Monster Could Support Breed-Specific Bans
A number of municipalities have enacted breed-specific legislation (BSL), in some cases banning "pitbull-type" dogs (and/ or Rottweilers and other large breeds), and in others requiring that they be spayed or neutered, or imposing special restrictions on their housing.

These laws have been proven ineffective for the rather obvious reason that they fundamentally misdiagnose the causes of serious dog-bites, focusing on breeds rather than the interactions of dogs and humans. There are numerous studies showing that BSL laws don't result in any decrease whatsoever in serious dog bites (see here, here and here, and a summary of several others here).

According to the ASPCA:

There is no evidence that breed-specific laws-which are costly and difficult to enforce-make communities safer for people or companion animals. For example, Prince George's County, MD, spends more than $250,000 annually to enforce its ban on Pit Bulls. In 2003, a study conducted by the county on the ban's effectiveness noted that "public safety is not improved as a result of [the ban]," and that "there is no transgression committed by owner or animal that is not covered by another, non-breed specific portion of the Animal Control Code (i.e., vicious animal, nuisance animal, leash laws)."

Following a thorough study of human fatalities resulting from dog bites, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) decided not to support BSL. The CDC cited, among other problems, the inaccuracy of dog bite data and the difficulty in identifying dog breeds (especially true of mixed-breed dogs). The CDC also noted the likelihood that as certain breeds are regulated, those who exploit dogs by making them aggressive will replace them with other, unregulated breeds.

The term "breed specific legislation" is inaccurate. All sorts of dogs get caught up in the tangle of BSL laws because the definition of a "pitbull-type" dog is subjective. Denver's infamous pitbull ban, for example, defines it as "an American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, or any dog displaying the majority of physical traits of any one (1) or more of the above breeds, or any dog exhibiting those distinguishing characteristics."

What, exactly, are those physical traits? In the study cited above showing that adoption agencies frequently misidentify canine breeds, the authors conclude, "The discrepancies between opinions of adoption agencies and identification by DNA analysis suggest that it would be worthwhile to reevaluate the reliability of breed identification as well as the justification of current public and private policies pertaining to specific dog breeds."

But the problems with BSL laws go way beyond their ineffectiveness at reducing serious dog-bites. All BSL laws, even those that stop short of outright bans, result in beloved family pets with no history of behavioral problems being destroyed. Simply put, these are monstrous laws.

There are better alternatives. San Francisco (which has a dumb law requiring that only "pitbull-type" dogs be neutered), has a " bad dog court." When a complaint is filed about an allegedly vicious dog, the animal and his or her owner has a right to a hearing where they can present exculpatory evidence. The dog court can order truly dangerous animals to be euthanized, but frequently the sentences include things like mandating that owners fix a fence or muzzle their dogs in public.
The Good News
Fortunately, attitudes are beginning to change as good humans rally around these wonderful, loyal dogs' defense. Actor Linda Blair is best known for her role in the The Exorcist, but she now devotes her time to rescuing pitbulls and other unwanted dogs. Shows like "The Dog Whisperer," which features superstar trainer Cesar Millan, whose personal dogs ("Daddy," and then "Junior") were pitbulls with calm temperaments and a lot of patience with smaller dogs, and "Pit Boss" - a reality series that follows Luigi "Shorty" Rossi, a little person who rescues pitbulls that are often bigger than him - help.

The fact that we now have an abundance of data showing that banning certain breeds of dog does nothing to decrease the number of serious dog bites helps as well. But really, public opinion is shifting because the case against pitbulls - like bloodhounds or Dobermans before them - was built on a shaky foundation of myths and media hype.

They're just dogs.
* "Pitbull" is not a breed. It's a term for a variety of breeds, including the American pitbull terrier, the American Staffordshire terrier, the Staffordshire bull terrier and mixes of those dogs. "Pitbull-type dog" is basically meaningless - they're dogs with various phenotypical traits that subjectively fit the label.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Pitbulls Used to Be Considered the Perfect "Nanny Dogs" for Children -- Until the Media Turned Them Into Monsters

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Despite their reputation, the United Kennel Club doesn't recommended using pitbulls as guard dogs because they're too friendly with strangers. For most of the 114 years since the American pitbull terrier was first recognized by the United Kennel Club, the breed was rightly seen as the perfect "nanny dog" for children because of its friendly nature, loyalty and stability.

# data[].attributes.body
Wilson, Sarah L. “Dog Bite Statistics (How Likely Are You To Get Bit?).” CanineJournal.com, CanineJournal.com, 29 Nov. 2018, www.caninejournal.com/dog-bite-statistics/.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dog-Bite-Related Fatalities -- United States, 1995-1996

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
From 1979 through 1994, attacks by dogs resulted in 279 deaths of humans in the United States (1,2). Such attacks have prompted widespread review of existing local and state dangerous-dog laws, including proposals for adoption of breed-specific restrictions to prevent such episodes (3).

# data[].attributes.body
Dog-Bite-Related Fatalities -- United States, 1995-1996.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047723.htm.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047723.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Liddle, Rod. "We buy dogs to reflect ourselves. So who's buying all these killer pitbulls?" Spectator, 15 Feb. 2014, p. 17. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A361944530/OVIC?u=lom_accessmich&sid=OVIC&xid=12afdc14. Accessed 3 Dec. 2018.