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First rulers who recognized women rights.

Mistress of Justinian

She passed strict laws that prohibited traffic in young girls and altered divorce laws to give women more benefits.

A big part of her reign was spent trying to reduce the laws against monophysites, which she had converted to before becoming the mistress.

Incredibly intelligent and skillful in when it came to political affairs

She dealt with a numerous amount of functions that were originally reserved for the emperor.

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-Mayor of the palace of Austrasia (the eastern part of the Frankish kingdom) from 715 to 741.

-Fought the Umayyads in the Battle of Tours

-His byname, Martel, means “the hammer.” Created the Carolingian dynasty.

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-Expanded Frankish empire to a great extent

-1st Holy Roman Emperor-Roman Catholic Church above

-Renewal in education and arts with many monasteries

- ”Convert or die”

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-universities and schools were developed better
-Math and science

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-The Franks
-Charlemagne became the ruler of the Franks (first Roman emperor)
-feudalism
-code of chivalry
-women had few rights

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-Greek became the most common language

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-Hagia Sophia was one of the greatest works of arts
-same use of architecture was used throughout Europe
-education was broadened and arts were as well

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-Byzantine empire
-Constantinople had strong tax base
-Justinian was the ruler
-Justinian created a code of laws called “Justinians code”
-theocratic government
-ruler was leader of the church
-Theodora worked to give women more rights as a women leader

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-Women were treated fairly and equal

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-Capital built in Baghdad is one of the greatest cultural centers of the world
-Mohammed developed a medical encyclopedia
-steel produced for swords
-paper money
-Arabic language
-Arabic calligraphy

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-Umayyad dynasty began the Islamic empire
-People who did not practice Islam were forced to pay a tax
-Theocracy with islamic rulers in power

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-Monotheistic religion formed by muhammad
-5 pillars of faith will get you to salvation
-Mecca was the middle of a trading route and helped with the diffusion of islam
-Moh dies, and the religion splits into two groups. Abu Bakr takes over as the next caliph.
-Salat were prayers

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Very white, has peaks and domes, has arches, Christian art on the inside.

Inspired/based on religion

Influences by byzantines

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People in Kievan Russia converted to Orthodox Christianity because of Byzantine influences.

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Wealth and power during the early 8th century

Second half of the 8th century= rebellion were suppressed

In the second half of the 9th century, the government grew weaker, and rebellions recurred.

The dynasty declined until 907, when it collapsed

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Footbinding:

They believe that women's feet should be small, narrow, straight, pointed, and arched, yet still fragrant and soft in texture.

They believe that "only through suffering will you find peace and only through pain will you find peace."

They do this to their feet in order to determine how marriageable they are, to prove personal discipline and their ability to endure pain in childbirth, and pain to come.

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Founded by the Viking Oleg, ruler of Novgorod from about 879.

Oleg united local Slavic and Finnish tribes, defeated the Khazars, and, in 911, arranged trade agreements with Constantinople.

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Buddhism from India was introduced to the Tang Dynasty and it ended up becoming a major part of the Chinese culture.

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Orchestras and companies of courtly dancer were part of imperial ceremonies.

The musicians played on bells, stone chimes, flutes, zithers, and drums.

Arabian and Persian music was popular

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Pottery was very common

Metalwork and jewelry of the period included a lot of silver.

Silver and gold vessels were made into a bowl shape by hammering thin sheets.

Poetry was the greatest glory of the period.

Heroic sculpture of Buddhas was a feature of the middle Tang.

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China was very open to foreign ideas, so Arabian and Persian music and dance found their way into China from Central Asia. Foreign music became a third category of music, in addition to court and common music. Before the end of the dynasty there were 10 musical categories, several of them foreign.

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Buddhist temples were very common, such as the Nanchan Temple

Brick and stone architecture gradually became more common and replaced wooden edifices. Ex: Zhaozhou Bridge (completed in 605) or the Xumi Pagoda (built in 636).

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They developed an elaborate tradition of sculpture and relief carving, which was mainly influenced by the Olmec civilization.

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Most were Roman Catholics but some converted to Evangelical Protestantism. They had masses and saint’s day celebrations, as well as domestic rites.

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Built many pyramids, temples, palaces, walls, and more. Most of their architectural buildings included stone carvings. They built many buildings as ceremonial centres, which by 200 CE had developed into large cities surrounded by pyramids. Ex: Chichen Itza