# data[].attributes.body
Abortion can be done  before the end of the twelth week of pregna

it can be done  up to the twentieth week of pregnancy, or even up to the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy on foetal grounds.

METHODS: Medicinally using a combination of antiprogestin and prostaglandin or by curettage

# data[].attributes.body
Permanent method

In male vas deferentia and female Fallopian tubes are cut or blocked.

# data[].attributes.body
Used when other contraceptive methods have failed or pregnancy has occurred after unprotected sex.

Single dose of  levonorgestrel is taken within 12 hours but maximum within 72 hours after sexual intercourse.

Available without prescription.

Ulipristal acetate can be taken within 120 hours of intercourse.

Copper intrauterine devices can also be placed as emergency contraception

# data[].attributes.body
Only method that prevents from sexually transmitted diseases.

breakage might cause pregnancy.

# data[].attributes.body
Hormone free whose mechanism is not known.

RISKS: Infections,  increased volume of menstruation

Remains effective for 3-10 years.

# data[].attributes.headline
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) with progestogen 

# data[].attributes.subject
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) with progestogen 

# data[].attributes.body
must be replaced after 3-5 yrs

# data[].attributes.body
intramuscular shot given every 12 weeks

# data[].attributes.body
Mini-pills consumed on daily basis without breaks.

# data[].attributes.body
Implant placed under local anesthesia.

# data[].attributes.body
Affect the mucous membrane of the uterus and stop the penetration of  spermatozoa .

SIDE EFFECTS:  oily skin, hair growth, weight gain, swelling, irritability and vaginal dryness.

# data[].attributes.body
They contain oestrogen and progesterone.

They stop ovulation.

RISKS: May increase risk of  cardiovascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis in some group.

BENEFITS: Regular menstrual cycles, decrease the volume of menstruation. useful against endometriosis, acne and hypertrichosis.

Taken in regime of 21-28 days and break of 2-7 days where mensuration occurs.

SIDE EFFECTS: nausea, breast tenderness, weight gain, swelling, headache, loss of libido and mood changes in the beginning.

# data[].attributes.body
Also called birth control

method of preventing pregnancy by avoiding fertilization or fertilized egg to attaching itself to uterus wall.

Selection depends on reliability, their side effects, contraindications, the price, the rate of fertility restoration.

# data[].attributes.body
Planning of number and time of births.

# data[].attributes.body
Threatened miscarriage bleeding uterus while cervix is closed.

Inevitable miscarriage, the cervix is open, there is severe bleeding and the pregnancy is about to end in a miscarriage.

Incomplete miscarriage heavy bleeding with contracting uterus,with cramping pains. The cervix is open and ultrasound reveals the loss of the foetus but there is still pregnancy tissue inside the uterus.

Complete miscarriage has the same symptoms as an incomplete one, but the uterine cavity has completely emptied.

Missed miscarriage cervix is closed with a lifeless foetus. Presence of brown, watery bleeding.

Septic miscarriages are associated with a uterine inflammation and a serious general infection.

Repeated miscarriage continuous 3 or more pregnancies resulting in miscarriages.

# data[].attributes.body
Emergency specialized care often surgery is needed if ectopic pregnancy is suspected, bleeding is heavy, inflammation and severe pain.

Psychological support is very important.

# data[].attributes.body
amount bled

Color of the blood

occurrence of contractions,

Pain (location and intensity)

History of sexually transmitted diseases

Earlier Pap test results, abnormal flow, pregnancies, diseases and medication, pelvic area surgeries and the development of the current pregnancy.

# data[].attributes.body
threatened or inevitable miscarriage.

Ectopic pregnancy where embryo attaches outside the uterus.

blockage caused by attachment of fertilized egg

Gynaecological infections

Sub-placental haematomas

Irregularities in the uterus or cervix such as polyps or myomas

# data[].attributes.body
Bleeding exhibits in 20-25% of early pregnancies

half of these cases result in miscarriage

difficult bleeding may result in pre-term birth, still birth,low weight birth.

# data[].attributes.body
Uterine mucosa, the Fallopian tubes and the ovaries are inflamed.

Mostly in young fertile women

Chlamydia is the common cause.

asymptomatic to severe pain

# data[].attributes.body
Bartholin's gland in the labia are inflamed and abscess is formed.

# data[].attributes.body
most common cause of sexually transmitted viral infections.

genital warts are common

Cervical cancer are worst complications.

# data[].attributes.body
Caused by Treponema pallidum bacterium.

SYMPTOMS:

A skin lesion with hard edges appear in beginning.

Secondary syphilis 6-8 weeks after infection with fevers, skin manifestations and enlarged lymph nodes

Latent syphilis a year after infection

Tertiary syphilis within 4-40 years which affects skin, heart, blood vessels and central nervous system.

# data[].attributes.body
Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. This bacteria has developed resistance to some antibiotics.

SYMPTOMS

Men- stinging sensation when urinating and discharge from the penis.

Women- Cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. PID caused by gonorrhea leads a more severe clinical presentation than in chlamydia.

# data[].attributes.body
caused by chlamydia trachomatis bacterium.

most cases are asymptomatic

It may cause PID, cervicitis, urethritis

# data[].attributes.body
Thinning of vaginal mucosa because of lack of oestrogen.

# data[].attributes.body
Heavy, yellow vaginal discharge,reddish blotches in vaginal mucosa

# data[].attributes.body
Sexually transmitted infection by protozoan parasite.
It causes foul-smelling green discharge and is symptom free in men.

# data[].attributes.body
Disturbance where normal lactobacillus flora is replaced by anaerobic bacteria.

It increases risk of breaking water early during pregnency, premature birth, risk of puerperal infection and infection by HIV.

# data[].attributes.body
The Candida albicans diploid fungus is the most common(85-90 %) cause.

RISK FACTORS: Pregnancy, oral pills, anti-infection agents, diabetes and immunological deficiency syndromes, using soaps and washing too often.

SYMPTOMS: Strong itching, stinging sensation and swelling in the mucous membranes.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Vulvitis (inflammation of the vulva)

2. Vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina)

3. Cervicitis (inflammation of the uterine cervix)

4. Pelvic inflammatory disease

# data[].attributes.body
Mensuration at irregular intervals

# data[].attributes.body
Abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Lasts for normal time and frequency

Almost half of the cases are due to uterus related causes.

# data[].attributes.body
Normal and regular menstrual periods which become increasingly abnormal and irregular or absent
CAUSES

Breastfeeding and menopause

Using hormonal contraceptives

psychotropic drugs

Losing weight quickly,

Eating disorders,

Severe obesity

Excessive exercise

Stress.

Hypothyroidism, untreated celiac disease or the Cushing syndrome.

# data[].attributes.body
Menstruation does not begin at puberty.
CAUSES

Autoimmune disease causing an ovary inflammation

Turner syndrome

Anatomical abnormality like missing part of uterus

# data[].attributes.body
absence of a menstrual period.
LAB TESTS

LH test

FSH test

TSH test

Prolactin test

# data[].attributes.headline
 Blood, pieces of the endometrium, endometrium excretion and tissue fluid are discharged 

# data[].attributes.subject
 Blood, pieces of the endometrium, endometrium excretion and tissue fluid are discharged 

# data[].attributes.headline
Used in planning pregnancies & determining menstrual disturbances

# data[].attributes.subject
Used in planning pregnancies & determining menstrual disturbances

# data[].attributes.headline
AFFECTED BY NUTRITION, GENOME, BMI, EXERCISE

# data[].attributes.subject
AFFECTED BY NUTRITION, GENOME, BMI, EXERCISE

# data[].attributes.headline
NORMAL STOP OF MENSRUAL CYCLE (MENOPAUSE) 51 yrs 

# data[].attributes.subject
NORMAL STOP OF MENSRUAL CYCLE (MENOPAUSE) 51 yrs 